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Biomedical subjects

M Yuki

Publications and source records attributed to M Yuki.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[A study on reduction in care burden of the family caregiver of the bedridden and senile elderly--examination of subjective factors about construction in care burden].

The purpose of this study was to develop a supporting system in the community which reduces care burden of the family caregiver members of bedridden elderly age 75 and over. Preliminary study was carried out in order to find out fundamental elements of care burden. Five families were picked up among the families living in Chuo ward in Tokyo who were provided professional nursing care services at home. A nursing intervention was done through home visits and interviews with caregivers and their subjects who need proper care services. 1. fundamental elements of a caregiver's care burden: a) main elements are health and mental condition of elders, b) influential elements are the function of caregivers, the function of assistant caregivers, the function of professionals and the function of care systems. 2. The line of stress defence: All the functions except that of caregivers were positioned at the line of stress defense, and in our view the caregiver's coping capability would be increased as the line of stress defense functions and, hence, the care burden might be reduced. 3. Assessment of fundamental elements shall be determined from 3 aspects a) health and mental condition of elders, b) accessibility to buffers and their quality and c) capacity and skill of a care giver. In order to reduce the care burden of the family caregiver, it is necessary to assess multilaterally the constituents and/or structures of care in the future, and at the same time the additional functions will be required to furnish information and educate the caregivers on how to utilize various social care services, there by enabling them to cope with psychological stress effectively. These findings suggest that it is also necessary to complete the training of professional concerning feasible means that could promote the caregivers' abilities to cope with the bedridden and senile elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Culture, gender, and self: a perspective from individualism-collectivism research.

Individualism and collectivism are often equated with independent vs. interdependent, agentic vs. communal, and separate vs. relational self-construals. Although these same concepts have been used to characterize both cultural and gender differences, a perspective of cultural evolution suggests it is unlikely. A division of labor within society may produce gender differences, but this cannot explain cultural differences. A study of self-construal involving 5 cultures (Australia, the United States, Hawaii, Japan, and Korea) shows that differences between these cultures are captured mostly by the extent to which people see themselves as acting as independent agents, whereas gender differences are best summarized by the extent to which people regard themselves as emotionally related to others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Cell proliferation and cell death (apoptosis) in epithelial tumors of the stomach--analysis of tumor tissues by the endoscopic mucosal resection].

To answer the question why some gastric cancers make elevation while others make depression in their early stage, and why polypoid cancers grow larger than their benign counterpart adenomas, the distribution of proliferating cells and apoptotic cells was compared between these lesions. Proliferating cells and apoptotic cells were detected with anti Ki-67 antibody (MIB-1) and with the in situ nick end labeling (ISNEL), respectively. A total of 62 gastric tumors, taken by the endoscopic mucosal resection method, was assessed. They consisted of 14 adenomas and 48 mucosal carcinomas (27 polypoid and 21 depressed type). Overall positive rates of Ki-67 were 27.5 +/- 9.0% in adenoma, 40.1 +/- 11.1% in polypoid cancer and 47.5 +/- 9.7% in depressed cancer. Proliferating cells were preferentially found in the cripts of metaplastic mucosa, in the middle to upper layer of adenomas, and in the whole layer including their surface of adenocarcinomas. Within cancers the polypoid type had more positive cells in the upper layer, so did the depressed type in the lower layer. ISNEL positive nuclei showed sphere, fragmented, ringed forms, or the same form as neighboring tumor nuclei. Apoptotic cells lay scattered throughout tumor glands. Apoptotic cell counts per 1000 tumor cells were 26.0 +/- 9.7 in adenoma, 36.3 +/- 32.1 in polypoid cancer, and 52.5 +/- 19.3 in depressed cancer. Depressed type cancers and a few polypoid cancers rich in non-tumor tissues showed higher numbers of apoptotic cells than adenomas and usual polypoid cancers. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1995

[Cell proliferation and cell death (apoptosis) as indices differentiating malignant from benign gastrointestinal myogenic tumors].

We examined whether the determination of cell proliferation and cell death rates was useful in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant myogenic tumors of gastrointestinal tract. As markers for cell proliferation and cell death, Ki-67 (MIB-1) positive rates or argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts and apoptotic cell counts were determined in a total of 53 myogenic tumors comprising 36 leiomyomas and 17 leiomyosarcomas. Apoptotic cells were detected with the in situ nick end labeling method reported by Gavrieli in 1992 with modifications. Significant differences were observed in the Ki-67 positive rates (leiomyoma 1.8 +/- 1.4%, leiomyosarcoma 8.6 +/- 6.0%, p < 0.0001), in the mean AgNOR counts (leiomyoma 1.77 +/- 0.53, leiomyosarcomas 3.14 +/- 1.02, p < 0.0001), and in the apoptotic cell counts (median; leiomyoma 3.2, leiomyosarcoma 32.5 per 10(6) tumor cells, p < 0.005). All high grade sarcomas were picked up by the Ki-67 index of more than 7%, and almost all leiomyomas were thrown away by the AgNOR counts more than 3.0 within the low Ki-67 cases, which showed 81% of sensitivity and 97% of specificity. These results show that a combination use of Ki-67 and AgNOR is of use in the differential diagnosis between leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Although a significant difference was also noted in apoptotic cell counts between these two categories, this seems not to be a practical index for the discrimination because apoptotic cell death is a rare event in gastrointestinal myogenic tumors.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1993

Molecular dynamics simulations provide a structural basis for the experimentally observed nucleotide preferences for DNA interstrand cross-links induced by aziridinylbenzoquinones.

Two-electron reduction of the structurally related aziridinylbenzoquinones DZQ and MeDZQ to their hydroquinone forms, DZHQ and MeDZHQ, respectively, generates species which interact and cross-link DNA at distinct nucleotide sequences. Within single target site duplex oligonucleotides, DZHQ was found to cross-link DNA at 5'-GC-3' and 5'-GNNC-3' sequences, whereas MeDZHQ was found to cross-link predominantly at 5'-GNC-3' within a 5'-GTCA-3' sequence. In a multitarget site duplex oligonucleotide, which contains either the target sequence 5'-TGCAC-3' or 5'-TGCTC-3', DZHQ was found to cross-link at both a 5'-GC-3' (a 1,2 cross-link) and a 5'-GNNC-3' (a 1,4 cross-link) site with approximately equal efficiency. Molecular dynamics simulations were able to accurately reproduce the experimental results and provide a structural basis for the alkylation preferences. Calculations were performed to determine the mobility of the hydroquinone species following guanine N7 (G) alkylation at 5'-TGCAC-3' and 5'-TGTCA-3' sequences. Conformations consistent with the formation of both 1,2 and 1,4 cross-links were observed when DZHQ was placed within a 5-TGCAC-3' sequence. The 1,2 cross-link orientation was more stable and thermodynamically favored. For MeDZHQ at the same site the ligand was unable to form stable 1,2 or 1,4 cross-linking conformations, primarily due to clashes with thymine methyl groups. In contrast, the MeDZHQ monoadduct with a 5'-TGTCA-3' sequence adopted a very stable conformation consistent with formation of a 1,3 cross-link.

Alkylation↗
PubMed1993

Effect of absorption promoters on subcutaneous absorption of human epidermal growth factor in rats.

Subcutaneous administration of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) to rats gave a significantly smaller value of area under the curve (AUC) of concentration in plasma of immunoreactive hEGF versus time than intravenous administration, probably because the slow entry rate into the blood circulation and consequently the enzymic degradation of hEGF at the injection site. In the present study, absorption promoters such as sodium caprate, N-acylamino acids, disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetate (EDTA), and sodium glycocholate were used because they were expected to inhibit the enzymic degradation of hEGF at the injection site and to facilitate the entry of hEGF into the blood circulation. Coadministration of an absorption promoter with hEGF significantly increased the entry rate and AUC value of immunoreactive hEGF compared with the case without the absorption promoter. The enzymic degradation of hEGF in the supernatant of the rat subcutaneous tissue homogenates and in the buffer solution containing leucine aminopeptidase or protease was markedly inhibited by the presence of the absorption promoters except EDTA. On the other hand, only EDTA increased the initial entry rate of FITC-dextran (M(r), 4000), which is not metabolized at the injection site, although all absorption promoters including EDTA markedly increased the extravasation of Evans blue. Thus, the increased subcutaneous bioavailability of hEGF in the presence of absorption promoters (except EDTA) was mainly attributed to the inhibitory effect of absorption promoters against the enzymic degradation of hEGF at the subcutaneous tissues.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMed1993

[Biopsy diagnosis for gastric lymphoma--usefulness and limitation of AgNOR staining].

Sixteen cases of resected gastric lymphoma were classified into 3 groups based on the easiness of the diagnosis; mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) 4 cases, superficial type lymphoma 5 cases and ulcerative (mass forming) type lymphoma 7 cases. Sixty seven of pre-operative biopsy reports and 44 biopsy specimens were analyzed. Although lymphoma cells retrospectively obtained in 92%, 69% and 88% of biopsy specimens, the definite diagnosis was only made in 7%, 24% and 38% of endoscopic biopsy. Mean AgNOR number per nucleus in resected specimens were as follows; chronic inflammation 1.20 +/- 0.02, MALToma 1.39 +/- 0.23, superficial lymphoma 2.44 +/- 0.50 and ulcerative lymphoma 3.44 +/- 0.55. They correlated well to proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive rates (r = 0.776, p < 0.01). Supposing that lesions showing 2.0 or more AgNOR dots in biopsy specimens are lymphoma, diagnostic rate improves to 69% in superficial lymphoma and to 88% in ulcerative lymphoma. Biopsy specimens from MALToma never showed 2.0 or more AgNOR dots. These results suggest that application of AgNOR to the biopsy diagnosis is useful in superficial and ulcerative lymphoma and has limitation in MALToma of the stomach.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

The DNA complexes of 2,5-diaziridinylbenzoquinone and 3,6-dimethyl-2,5-diaziridinylbenzoquinone. A molecular mechanics study.

Computer modeling has been used to study the non-covalent interaction of the quinone and hydroquinone forms of 2,5-diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DZQ and DZHQ, respectively) and its 3,6-dimethyl derivative (MeDZQ, MeDZHQ) with DNA. Calculations were performed using DNA duplexes containing 5'-TGCA and 5'-TGTC binding sites. The results allow a rationalization of the sequence selectivity of DNA alkylation exhibited by these ligands. For DZHQ a preference for binding to the TGCA site, over the TGTC site, was predicted for a range of diverse ligand/DNA orientations. The ligand preferentially adopts a position orthogonal to the base pair planes. The complex is stabilized by guanine N7 to ligand OH hydrogen bonds at the GC step. The stability of the TGTC complexes of DZHQ is reduced by a clash between the thymine methyl of the GTC sequence and the ligand. In MeDZHQ/TGCA complexes, a similar clash causes the aromatic ring plane to rotate about 45 degrees from the base pair planes. The most stable orientation of the MeDZHQ/TGTC complex has the ligand symmetrically disposed about the T-A base pair in the center of the GTC site, with hydrogen bonds formed between both ligand hydroxyl groups and guanine N7 atoms on opposite strands. For all four complexes, a secondary energy minimum was located for an orientation in which the face of the aromatic ring interacts with a thymine methyl group. DZQ complexation is favored at the TGCA site, whereas for MeDZQ the lowest energy complexes were obtained for binding at the TGTC site. The major determinant of the strength of the non-covalent interaction for all the quinone complexes was the angle between the plane of the aromatic ring and the base pair plane. The binding interaction of the quinone forms with an adenine tract was also studied. In this case, the ligand location follows a contour defined by the thymine methyl groups. Both quinones bound less effectively to this sequence than to either the TGCA or TGTC sites.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

Effects of niceritrol on levels of serum lipids, lipoprotein(a), and fibrinogen in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia.

Thirty-three consecutive unselected patients with primary hypercholesterolemia received niceritrol 1.5 g daily for 12 weeks, with the effect of administering divided dose (twice daily (b.i.d.) and three times daily (t.i.d.)) evaluated. The serum concentrations of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), lipids, the major apolipoproteins (apo), cholesteryl ester transfer activity and fibrinogen were determined before and after treatment. The b.i.d. and t.i.d. regimens each significantly reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride. The mean changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins did not differ significantly between the two groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, there was a significant decrease in total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apo A-II, apo B and fibrinogen and an increase in the high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Although the serum level of Lp(a) did not change in every patient, niceritrol significantly reduced the serum Lp(a) level in those with an initially high level of Lp(a) (greater than or equal to 20 mg/dl).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comprehensive computer system in the outpatient clinic.

A clinical computing system in a one-physician outpatient clinic is described. It consists of a computer-stored medical history at its center with associated blood examination equipment, a drug delivering machine and a cost calculation program. Two-month's experience has demonstrated its eligibility to clinical practice.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1990

[Report on dental health activities in Konan-town, Koriyama-city].

Konan-town in Fukushima-pref. has high-level decay of deciduous teeth of the young. The individual level (guardians of the young), the professional level (the medicalcare and the administration), and the dental health activities level (the systematist and the residents of the district) all together have practiced dental health activities by "Shiroi-ha Kyoshitsu" for 73 one-year-old infants starting in 1986 for three years. This report is based on the results of the activities which have been conducted for the first 18 months. "Shiroi-ha Kyoshitsu" has practiced activities such as surveys on oral hygiene practice, teaching how to chose snacks and mouth cleaning and dental examination. The information on improving dental hygiene was given to the district level to stress the importance of good dental practices. In the study group, the rate of high-level caries increased from 2.4% to 58.6% (over 18 month period); however, it decreased to 4.6% if we compared with the rate among the comparative group of infants (at the age of 2 to 4 as of 1985) when they were 18 months old. The rate of B or C type caries is 3.2% which was only a half of what it was before. On the other hand, when using the dmft index for the study group of infants, the rate of the dmf index changed from 0.05 teeth (at date started) to 2.45 teeth (over an 18 month period).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

DMF Index↗
PubMed1987

[The study of structural proteins in the ischemic contracture muscle].

The purpose of this study was to make clear the changes of structural proteins in the ischemic contracture muscle. Ischemia experiments were conducted on the forelimb of canines. Contracture proteins (myosin, actin, alpha-actinin) were isolated and analysed by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the muscle group after 7-hour-ischemia, the muscle structural proteins were changed remarkably, along the time course after the release of tourniquet. After 7 days, myosin heavy chain decreased to 1/2 to 1/3 the original value. It was especially myosin heavy chain that changed remarkably among muscle structural proteins. Actin showed changes after 10-hour-ischemia.

Actins↗
PubMed1984

Serological evaluation of an influenza A virus cold-adapted reassortant live vaccine, CR-37 (H1N1), in Japanese adult volunteers.

A cold-adapted influenza A virus, CR-37 (H1N1), derived from genetic reassortment between A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) cold-adapted variant virus and A/California/10/78 (H1N1) wild-type virus, was tested in Japanese adult volunteer. The CR-37 live virus preparation induced only low-grade clinical reactions in volunteers for the first 3-4 days after inoculation. Two vaccinees who did not show any antibody changes became febrile (over 38.0 degrees C). Skin tests using the vaccine preparation and uninfected allantoic fluid were performed, and indicated that one of these two vaccines was positive for the CR-37 vaccine preparation. A high proportion of the vaccinees whose sera had a haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titre against the vaccine strain of less than or equal to 64 before inoculation, seroconverted in both HI and neuraminidase-inhibition (NAI) antibody titrations, and only a few seroconverted in the titration of antibody against type-specific internal antigens. The serological examinations against heterotypic H1N1 variants indicated that the cold-adapted live influenza virus vaccine could induce a broad spectrum of HI antibody reactivity and immunity of long duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of acetylcholine receptor-like protein from fetal calf thymus.

Cobrotoxin-binding protein from fetal calf thymus was isolated by affinity chromatography after solubilization with Triton X-100 or sodium cholate. Its specificity as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) was determined by assessing the binding to radiolabeled alpha-bungarotoxin (BuTx) and to serum containing antibody against AChR obtained from a patient with myasthenia gravis (MG). AChR-like protein was detected in the amount of 0.41 -2.04 X 10(-9) mol alpha-BuTx binding sites per g protein. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dedecylsulfate (SDS) revealed polypeptide bands with molecular weights of 40,000, 46,000, 55,000, 70,000, 35,000, and 26,000 daltons. As this protein may play an important role in immunopathological changes in MG, related studies are underway.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Single radial complement fixation test for assaying antibody to influenza virus type-specific antigens.

An immunodiffusion technique in agarose is described for assay of complement-fixing antibodies against the type-specific soluble antigen of influenza virus. Under the test conditions, positive human serum produced a definite unlysed zone around the well, and the annulus area showed a high correlation with the antibody level in a conventional complement fixation test with log2 serum titer. This paper also describes the use of this method as a diagnostic procedure for the assay of antibodies against soluble antigens of influenza A and B viruses in paired human sera collected from persons infected with the virus or who received ether-split vaccine. This method appears to more sensitive and gives more consistent results for serodiagnosis of infection cases than do the hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, and complement fixation tests. Our results suggest that the single radial complement fixation test can provide a simple and reliable method for serodiagnosis of influenza virus infection.

Agar↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and characterization of group B streptococci from genito-urinary tracts in Japan.

The prevalence of group B streptococci in urine specimens submitted from both inpatients and outpatients to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory were investigated. Out of 3,780 urine specimens, forty-seven strains were identified as group B streptococci, and clinical features revealed that the isolation ratio from outpatients was higher than that from inpatients, and that the majority of isolates were from female urine. Whereas the isolation ratios of group B streptococci from vaginal swabs were 2.9% in 377 pregnant women at 37-40 weeks of gestation, and 4.8% in 335 non-pregnant women. Also, the newborns delivered from mothers tested were investigated. Only two cases were positive in ear, pharyngeal and/or nasal swabs, but no clinical manifestation was observed. An alternative nomenclature system of group B streptococci based on the serological classification of both heat-labile protein and heat-stable polysaccharide antigens was evaluated for the clinical isolates and compared with the original Lancefield's procedure. The results indicated that the method described will provide a simple and reasonable technique for serotyping of group B streptococci.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗