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Biomedical subjects

Mustafa Cihat Avunduk

Publications and source records attributed to Mustafa Cihat Avunduk.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effectiveness of MeroGel hyaluronic acid on tympanic membrane perforations.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the proposition that hyaluronic acid (HA) provides a moist wound-healing environment to aid in the healing process of tympanic membrane perforation. A single MeroGel administration can be effective as well as daily topical HA application in the treatment of tympanic membrane perforations. A single application of esterified HA may be more suitable for patients and also for otolaryngologists. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a single MeroGel application on traumatic tympanic membrane perforations in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The posterior quadrant of the tympanic membranes in both ears of 24 male pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats was perforated with a 20-gauge needle. Subjects were divided into two groups: MeroGel and daily topical HA-treated groups. All subjects were sacrificed and histopathological examinations of the tympanic bullas were carried out. RESULTS: Perforations of controls, and MeroGel- and daily HA-treated groups closed in 17/24 (70.8%), 11/12 (91.7%), and 12/12 (100%) ears, respectively. There was a significant difference between control and MeroGel-treated groups, and also between control and daily topical HA-treated groups for the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), lymphocytes and collagen fibrils (p<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between MeroGel- and daily topical HA-treated groups (p>0.05).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Apoptosis and cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury developed after haemorrhagic shock: experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that plays a role in some normal and pathological conditions. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis during cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in response to haemorrhagic shock in a rat model. METHODS: Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, haemorrhagic shock (HS), ischemic reperfusion (IR), 1st hour IR, 3rd hour IR, 6th hour IR and 24th hour IR. Rats were sacrificed by taking blood from intracardiac area after finishing the experiment. The tissues were fixed using neutral buffered 10% formaldehyde solution for histopathological examination. Tissues were stained immunohistochemically with APO 2.7 and positive expression apoptotic cells were counted using a Clemex Vision Lite 3.5 vision analysis system. RESULTS: There were 2-3 apoptotic cells in the control group (group 1) and this number increased to 8-11 in the haemorrhagic shock group (group 2) (p<0.05). Secondary or more serious injury occurs during ischemic reperfusion injury. The number of apoptotic cells increased to 11-14 at the 1st hour (group 3) and it was significant as compared to group 2 (p<0.05). The number of apoptotic cells significantly increased to 15-17 by the 3rd hour (group 4) as compared to group 3 (p<0.05). While there was no additional increase by the end of the 6th hour (group 5) as compared to group 4, the number of apoptotic cells significantly increased to 18-24 by the end of 24th hour (group 6) as compared to group 5 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The majority of injuries to the brain following haemorrhagic shock occur during ischemic reperfusion. We observed that apoptosis increases step by step on the 1st, 3rd and 24th hours after ischemic reperfusion injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Electron-microscopic alterations of the peritoneum after both cold and heated carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum.

BACKGROUND: Carbon-dioxide (CO(2)) is used universally as an insufflation agent to create a laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum. In this study, we aimed to examine the electron and light microscopic alterations of the peritoneum after both cold-dry and heated-humidified CO(2) pneumoperitoneum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The rats were separated into three groups each comprising 10 rats. Group-I: (Control group): Gas insufflation was not applied to these animals. Group-II: These animals received standard cold-dry (21 degrees C, 2% relative humidity) CO(2). Group-III: These animals received heated-humidified (40 degrees C, 98% relative humidity) CO(2). In groups II and III, peritoneal gas was emptied 2 h after pneumoperitoneum application. All rats were killed after 12 h. Peritoneal samples were examined both by scanning electron and light microscopy by two different pathologists who were not aware of the groups. RESULTS: According to light microscopic examination; in group II and III, cellular response (increased lymphocyte) was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.01). Similarly, in group II cellular response was significantly higher than group III. (P < 0.01). There was no difference in increased capillarity among all groups. (P > 0.05). According to scanning electron microscopic examination, in group I, normal peritoneum was covered by a sheet of flat mesothelial cells densely covered with microvilli. No intercellulary clefts and no free basal lamina were detected. In group II, drastic alterations of the surface layer were seen. The mesothelial cells had extreme desquamation, and the basal membrane was clearly visible. In group III, the mesothelial cells had bulged up to the surface layer and retracted. Intercellulary clefts become visible, but the basal lamina was not seen. CONCLUSIONS: Electron and light microscopic examination revealed that heated-humidified CO(2) results in less peritoneal alteration than cold-dry CO(2.) Accordingly, we believe that heated-humidified CO(2) is more suitable for pneumoperitoneum application in laparoscopic surgery especially in selected cases.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in the tracheal epithelia after topical mitomycin-C in rabbits.

The aim is to examine histopathological changes and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tracheal epithelia caused by application of topical mitomycin-C (MMC) in rabbit model after the tracheotomy procedure. The conventional tracheotomy was performed in 16 rabbits. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. The first group was applied MMC at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml around tracheotomy for 5 min, and the other group was not taken a treatment as a control. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 4 weeks. Their tracheas were evaluated with H&E and Masson's trichrome histochemically, and with antiepidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemically. Results showed that there was no significant difference between MMC and control group for inflammatory cells (P=0.09). The numbers of fibroblasts and subepithelial tissue thickness in the group exposed to MMC were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). In contrast, the percentage of EGFR in the application of MMC group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The application of topical MMC on airway epithelia after tracheotomy showed significant elevation in the levels of epithelial EGFR expression compared to controls in a rabbit model. The activation of epithelial EGFR may facilitate epithelial healing, but further studies are needed to assess the effect of topical MMC on respiratory epithelia.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

Effects of gender on the severity of sepsis.

PURPOSE: To investigate the differences between male and female rats and the effects of sex hormones on tissue changes in the lung and liver in a sepsis model. METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups of ten. Groups 1 and 2 were the control male and female groups, respectively, subjected only to sepsis; groups 3 and 4 were the male and female groups, respectively, subjected to sepsis, then given 0.04 mg/kg estrogen + progesterone (E-P) intramuscularly (i.m.); and groups 5 and 6 were the male and female groups, respectively, subjected to sepsis, then given 0.5 mg/kg testosterone (T) i.m. The rats were killed and the histopathological changes in the lung and liver were examined, and plasma endotoxin levels were measured. RESULTS: Histopathological examination revealed less congestion, portal inflammation, and focal necrosis of the liver, and less congestion, edema, and emphysematous and inflammatory changes in the lung in the E-P groups than in the other groups. Moreover, signs of systemic endotoxemia in plasma were proportionally less in the female rats and in the E-P groups than in the male rats and the T groups. CONCLUSION: Female rats subjected to sepsis showed less liver and lung tissue damage and less systemic endotoxemia than male rats, because of the effects of female sex hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Biocompatibility of vitallium as ossicular reconstruction material in the middle ear: experimental animal study.

CONCLUSION: Although long-term data will be necessary for confirmation, the result of this preliminary study indicates that vitallium may be a good alternative material for ossicular replacement prostheses in the middle ear. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the biocompatibility of vitallium (Co-Cr-Mo) as ossicular reconstruction material in the rabbit middle ear, and to compare the results with those obtained with titanium, well known as a highly biocompatible material, and non-implanted control groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen female New Zealand White rabbits were anesthetized. The tympanomeatal flap was elevated and 12 vitallium and 12 titanium implants were placed in the bulla away from the ossicles in 24 middle ears. Six rabbits were used as non-implanted controls. All animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia on the 180th day after implantation. The temporal bones were removed, fixed in 10% buffered paraformaldehyde and decalcified for a week in EDTA. Tissue samples were then prepared using an Autotechnicon and embedded in paraffin. Sections (30-microm thick) were cut with a microtome, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, von Gieson's stain and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and examined under a light microscope. The numbers of lymphocytes, collagen fibers and FGF-positive cells were determined in all three groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the numbers of collagen fibers between the groups (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found in the numbers of lymphocytes and FGF-positive cells between the titanium and vitallium groups (p > 0.05). The differences in the numbers of lymphocytes and FGF-positive cells between the control and other groups were found to be significant (p <0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Immunohistochemical analysis of orbital connective tissue specimens of patients with active Graves ophthalmopathy.

PURPOSE: To explore the immune mechanism of Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) by analyzing infiltrating cells in orbital connective tissue (OCT) specimens of patients with active GO using immunohistochemical methods. METHODS: Five OCT specimens obtained from patients with active GO and five control specimens obtained from forensic cadavers who died from nonmedical reasons were stained with anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, HLA-Dr, CD25, and TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies. Positively stained cells were counted and results were interpreted as cell counts/mm2. Four of five GO patients had never been treated with any immunomodulating therapy. Only one had received oral prednisolone prior to tissue sampling, but this treatment had ceased 5 months before surgery. RESULTS: The retro-orbital tissue specimens obtained from forensic cadavers did not show any significant positive staining for any monoclonal antibody tested. However, the specimens from GO patients showed positively stained means of 36.66 +/- 4.61 HLA-Dr+, 12.8 +/- 3.42 CD8+, 11.8 +/- 1.78 CD4+, 16.6 +/- 1.81 CD3+, 21.2 +/- 3.12 CD45RO+, 10.4 +/- 2.07 TNF-alpha+, 7.2 +/- 1.48 CD25+, 3.2 +/- 1.09 CD4+CD8+, 4.6 +/- 1.67 CD4+CD45RO+, 2.8 +/- 0.83 CD8+CD45RO+, 1.6 +/- 0.89 CD4+CD25+, and 1.8 +/- 1 0.83 CD8+CD25+ cells/mm2. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports that most of the infiltrating lymphocytic cells in the active stage of GO are T cells, and a significant proportion of them are CD45RO+ cells. Infiltration of OCT by HLA-Dr+, CD25+, and TNF-alpha cells suggests that Th1-type immune reaction with the interference of proinflammatory cytokine(s) (TNF-alpha) may be important in the pathogenesis of disease. Further studies are needed to understand the disease pathogenesis and may provide a scientific basis for future treatment alternatives for the disease (e.g., anti-cytokine treatment).

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2005

Pure squamous cell carcinoma after intravesical BCG treatment. A case report.

Besides the commonly seen side effects of intravesical BCG instillations, very rare complications have been reported including new tumor formation other than transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Here we report the first case of pure squamous cell carcinoma formation in a BCG-treated patient with pure transitional cell carcinoma.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2004

Postauricular subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma.

Superficial leiomyosarcomas are rare soft tissue tumors, most frequently involving the lower extremity. Leiomyosarcomas which could be misdiagnosis or delayed are very rare in the head and neck region. In this report, a 46-year-old man with postauricular leiomyosarcoma was presented. The tumor was totally excised with 3 cm margins. Immunohistochemically, the specimen showed reactivity for smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and desmin. No complications developed in the postoperative period and the patient was free of recurrence at the 26 months follow-up. Immunohistopathological examination is essential for an accurate histological diagnosis. The ENT surgeon should pay attention to superficial leiomyosarcoma with its specific behavior and treatment while evaluating the lesions in the head and neck region.

Ear, External↗
PubMed2004

Inferior laryngeal paraganglioma presenting as plunging goiter.

Paragangliomas are uncommon slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors that may arise from the extra-adrenal paraganglia. Paragangliomas of the inferior and superior laryngeal paraganglia are known as laryngeal paraganglioma. Inferior laryngeal paraganglioma, which is also called subglottic paraganglioma, is very seldomly observed. To our knowledge only 24 patients with subglottic paraganglioma have been found. We present a 77-year-old male patient who has been previously followed-up for cervical goiter, which has a progressive enlargement into the mediastinum, causing severe tracheal obstruction. The tumor was completely and easily resected via median sternotomy with collar incision and finally diagnosed as inferior laryngeal paraganglioma. The present case is the first subglottic laryngeal paraganglioma descending into the visceral compartment of the mediastinum in the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Etanercept treatment in the endotoxin-induced uveitis of rats.

This study was conducted to investigate therapeutic value of a soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor, etanercept, in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). Forty-two inbred male Lewis rats were divided into seven equal groups. 200 microg of Escherichia coli 055:B55 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected in one hind footpad of the Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 rats. Group 5, 6, and 7 rats also received subcutaneous etanercept 24 hr prior to LPS injection at a dose of 0.4 mg kg(-1). Group 1 rats were used as controls. Eight, 24, and 48 hr after treatment clinical uveitis scores (miosis, iris hyperemia, and hypopyon) were assessed by a masked observer and the rats were euthanized. Neutrophil leukocytes, CD8+, CD4+, and CD45RO+ cells in the anterior uveal tissue were counted either after hematoxylin-eosin or monoclonal antibody staining. TNF-alpha levels were also measured in the aqueous humor samples by an ELISA method. Etanercept treatment significantly improved clinical uveitis scores at all examination points compared to the LPS injected animals. The improvement was almost complete expect for the miosis score, since no significant difference was detected between the controls and LPS + Etanercept treated animals at all examination points. Cell counts were also at significantly lower levels in LPS + Etanercept treated animals at all examination points, except for CD8+ and CD45RO+ cell counts at 24 hr examination point. There was no significant difference between the controls and LPS + Etanercept treated animals at all examination points as with CD4+ and CD45RO+ cell counts at 48 hr. Our data showed that etanercept had a definite effect on the treatment of EIU. Further studies should clarify its efficacy on clinical uveitis conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Iatrogenic epidermal inclusion cyst of the parapharyngeal space: unusual complication of ear surgery.

A 46-year-old man presented with a 12-month history of a slow-growing mass at the right anterior temporal and superior parotid region. He had a history of chronic otitis media and had undergone a modified radical mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma 5 years earlier. Physical examination revealed a sinus tract and diffuse soft tissue mass measuring 4 cm in diameter spread throughout the region of the right anterior temporal and superior parotid areas. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed three separate masses, including contrast material in the right superior parotid region and lateral skull base. The patient underwent a preauricular infratemporal approach. Six months later, a sinus tract recurred at the inferior border of the right zygomatic arch. MRI showed multiple masses in the right prestyloid parapharyngeal space, which were resected through a transparotid approach. The histopathologic diagnosis was an epidermal inclusion cyst (EIC). One year after the operation the patient was in good health and there was no sign of disease. EICs are rare tumors that are seen when epidermal elements are included in the dermis, which can follow trauma. EICs are unusual in the parapharyngeal space. Thus, until they become clinically observable, primary benign growths may not be recognized in this region. EICs must be considered in the differential diagnosis of growths in the parapharyngeal space, particularly among patients with a prior history of tympanomastoid surgery on the tumor side.

Case Reports↗
PubMed2004

Glomangioma of the middle ear.

A 62-year-old female was admitted to our clinic in October 1999 with a 6-year history of hearing loss, tinnitus and otorrhea in the right ear. Physical examination showed a polypoid mass arising from the right middle ear and extending into the external auditory canal. Serohemorrhagic otorrhea was also observed. Serious hemorrhage occurred while taking a biopsy. The histopathologic diagnosis was a glomangioma. MRI demonstrated a hypervascular mass (10 x 15 mm(2)) completely filling the right middle ear. Preoperative embolization of the ascending pharyngeal artery was carried out. The tumor was completely resected via a transmastoid approach. No complications were observed postoperatively. At the most recent follow-up examination, 72 months after the operation, no sign of disease was present. The modified radical mastoidectomy approach used in this case proved to be a safe and efficacious method for removing the glomangioma.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea↗
PubMed2003

Prevention of renal damage by alpha tocopherol in ischemia and reperfusion models of rats.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidneys most probably comes from oxidative stress, but the possible preventive effect of alpha-tocopherol (AT) treatment on this injury has not yet been established. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The left renal arteries of all rats except the controls were clamped to induce renal ischemia. The left kidneys of the rats in the ischemia group were removed following 40 min ischemia. The rats in the ischemia-reperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion-AT groups were treated similarly, but in these groups the renal arteries were re-perfused for 1 h following ischemia. The rats in the ischemia-reperfusion-AT group also received 10 mg/kg AT 3 h prior to ischemia. The specimens were examined histopathologically and ultrastructurally, and the tissue calcium levels were measured. Light microscope and ultrastructural examination showed that the greatest damage occurred in the ischemia-reperfusion group. The highest level of tissue calcium was also found in this group. In the ischemia-reperfusion-AT-treated group, less tissue damage and a lower tissue calcium concentration was found compared to both the ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion groups. Our results indicate that AT can reduce tissue damage after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The comparison of efficacies of topical corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drops on dry eye patients: a clinical and immunocytochemical study.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether conjunctival inflammation represents a primary event in the pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca or whether it is a secondary inflammatory reaction caused by enhanced mechanical irritation as a result of surface dryness and whether anti-inflammatory drops (corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) have therapeutic effects and are similar. DESIGN: Single-masked, randomized, prospective clinical trial. METHODS: Thirty-two keratoconjuctivitis patients with or without Sjögren syndrome were included in the study. The patients were randomized to three groups. Group 1 patients received a topical artificial tear substitute (ATS); group 2 received ATS plus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drops (NSAID); and group 3 received ATS plus topical corticosteroidal drops. The eye symptom severity scores, Schirmer test values, rose bengal and fluorescein staining scores were evaluated before treatment and 15 and 30 days after start of treatment. Impression cytology specimens were stained using immunohistochemical methods to detect the percentages of human leukocyte antigen II (HLA-DR) positive, Apo 2.7 positive, and periodic acid-Schiff positive cells. Statistical analyses were performed within and between groups. Group 3 patients had significantly lower symptom severity scores, fluorescein and rose bengal staining, and HLA-DR positive cells on days 15 and 30 compared with patients in other groups. They also had a significantly higher number of periodic acid-Schiff positive (goblet) cells in their impression cytology specimens on days 15 and 30 compared with the other patients. On day 30, group 3 patients had significant differences compared with their baseline measurements in terms of above-mentioned parameters. However, we did not detect a significant effect of any treatment schedule on the Shirmer test value and the numbers of Apo 2.7 cells in impression cytology specimens. CONCLUSION: Topical corticosteroids had a clearly beneficial effect both on the subjective and objective clinical parameters of moderate-to-severe dry eye patients. These effects were associated with the reduction of inflammation markers of conjunctival epithelial cells.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2002

Giant localized solitary fibrous tumors of the diaphragmatic pleura: report of two cases.

We report two cases, of 48- and 53-year-old women, with huge intrathoracic extrapulmonary tumors which originated from the diaphragm. In these cases the totally resected tumors were examined histologically and immunohistochemically, and based on these studies benign localized solitary fibrous tumors originating from the diaphragmatic pleura were diagnosed. We observed no recurrence in the long-term follow-up, which was necessary for these cases due to the tumors' unpredictable clinical behavior even when they were thought to be benign histologically. Because of the huge sizes of these tumors, originating from the diaphragmatic pleura with pedicles, and benign clinical outcome correlating with the histological examination, these cases are thought to be worthy of interest.

Diaphragm↗