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Biomedical subjects

N A Siddiqui

Publications and source records attributed to N A Siddiqui.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Osteoporosis in older men: discovering when and how to treat it.

Nearly 1.5 million American men age 65 and older have osteoporosis, and another 3.5 million are at risk. Hip fractures in older men have a higher mortality than in women and represent a growing medical problem. Glucocorticoid treatment, hypogonadism, and excessive alcohol consumption are important secondary etiologies for loss of bone mass in men. Detection of hypogonadism may be difficult, and testosterone replacement is indicated for only a well-defined subset of patients. Because of a lack of data on pathogenesis, risk factors, and therapeutic interventions in men, treatment decisions are usually based on extrapolation from studies in women. None of the medications approved by the FDA for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women has been approved for use in older men, but physicians are prescribing bisphosphonates and calcitonin.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1995

Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid binding proteins in endometrial adenocarcinoma: differential expression of cellular retinoid binding proteins in endometrioid tumours.

Retinoic acid is apparently required for the normal differentiation of reproductive epithelium. Cellular abnormalities in retinoid homeostasis could be a factor in the development of endometrial malignancy. We have thus investigated the expression of nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs and RXRs) and cellular binding proteins for retinol (CRBP) and retinoic acid (CRABP) in endometrial adenocarcinoma of the endometrioid histological subtype. Ten grade I, II grade 2 and 10 grade 3 tumour samples, as well as 4 samples of severe atypical precancerous endometrial hyperplasia, were studied. No significant difference in expression of RAR-beta was detected in tumour samples compared with normal epithelial cells. RAR-gamma was significantly elevated in grade 1 and 2 carcinomas, but this may be due to greater stromal cell involvement in these lower grade tumours. There was significant elevation of CRBP I mRNA in tumour samples. Furthermore, although undetectable in normal endometrial epithelium, CRABP I was expressed in 3/II grade 2 and 9/10 grade 3 carcinomas, with expression being significantly higher where the primary tumour had invaded more than 50% of the total myometrial thickness. Analysis of 2 epithelial-like endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines supported the idea that CRABP I expression is characteristic of poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. Our data suggest that alterations in mechanisms of retinoid homeostasis are a feature of endometrial adenocarcinoma and may contribute to the severity of disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Cellular retinoid binding proteins and nuclear retinoic acid receptors in endometrial epithelial cells.

Retinoic acid, one of the most potent of the naturally occurring retinoids (retinol and derivatives), is required in vivo for the maintenance of epithelial cell growth. This study describes the pattern of expression of nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs and RXRs), and cellular binding proteins for retinol and retinoic acid (CRBP I, CRABP I and II), in endometrial epithelial cells. The effects of retinoic acid on the expression of these receptors in endometrial epithelial cells have also been studied and compared with its effects in endometrial stromal cells. Messenger RNA for RAR-alpha, RAR-beta, RAR-gamma, RXR-alpha, CRBP I and CRABP II was detected by Northern blotting of total RNA extracted from cultured epithelial cells. In comparison with stromal cell RNA that was used as an internal standard, CRBP I appeared to be more abundant in epithelial cells, whereas CRABP II appeared to be more abundant in the stromal cells. This implies that the intracellular concentration of retinoic acid may be maintained at higher levels in epithelial cells compared to stromal cells. In addition, the response of the two cell types to retinoic acid differs: RAR-beta is induced in stromal cells treated with all-trans retinoic acid but not in epithelial cells. From these data we suggest that retinoid physiology differs between endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. Furthermore, by analogy with other studies, we propose that retinoic acid may be maintained at a higher intracellular concentration in endometrial epithelial cells to facilitate differentiation to a glandular phenotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anaemia in pregnancy--a report of two trials.

In two separate trials, 140 cases of Pregnancy Anaemia were investigated in the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka. The distribution of anaemia was as follows: Iron deficiency 118 (84.2%); dual deficiency 15 (19.7%); haemolytic five (35%); and megaloblastic 2 (1.4%). Anaemia with megaloblastic change was more common in the second study.

Adolescent↗