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Biomedical subjects

N B Hornback

Publications and source records attributed to N B Hornback.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A comparison of lung metastases and natural killer cell activity in daily fractions and weekly fractions of radiation therapy on murine B16a melanoma.

C57BL/6J male mice were inoculated with 5 X 10(5) B16a melanoma cells. Seven days post-inoculation, when the tumor had grown to 8.0-10.0 mm in diameter, 120 tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) sham-irradiated controls, (2) mice receiving 200 cGy five times a week for 6 weeks, and (3) mice receiving 800 cGy once a week for 4 weeks. Thirty mice in each group were sacrificed 47 days postinoculation. Ten mice in each group were observed for the survival time data. The primary tumor was significantly smaller and the number of lung metastases were significantly fewer in mice treated with 800 cGy once a week compared to mice treated with 200 cGy five times a week. When natural killer (NK) cell activity was assessed against YAC-1 tumor targets, it was found to be significantly higher in mice treated with a single large weekly dose of irradiation. These results show that B16a melanoma responds more favorably to a single large dose of irradiation administered once a week compared to the smaller conventional fraction administered five times a week. This beneficial effect correlates with an increase in NK activity, indicating that there may be a causal relationship.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Whole-body hyperthermia decreases lung metastases in lung tumor-bearing mice, possibly via a mechanism involving natural killer cells.

The effects of whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) on the course of the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and B16 melanoma (B16) were examined. WBH was generated by microwave (2450 MHz) at an intraperitoneal temperature of 39.5-40.0 degrees C and an intratumoral temperature of 40.0-40.5 degrees C for 30 min once a week, X 3 (LLC) or X 6 (B16). The mice were sacrificed 21 days (LLC) or 42 days (B16) after tumor implantation and lung metastases were scored. Natural killer (NK)-cell activity was determined against the YAC-1 tumor target in WBH-treated tumor-bearing mice as well as in tumor-bearing mice but untreated controls. The number of lung metastases was significantly reduced and NK-cell activity was higher in animals treated with WBH. Thus, this study suggests that WBH interferes with the spread of organ metastases, possibly through a mechanism involving NK cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ovarian carcinoma: adjuvant treatment with P-32.

Twenty-eight patients with ovarian carcinoma received 555 MBq of labeled chromic phosphate (P-32) intraperitoneally. Indications for treatment included a high-grade tumor, extracapsular involvement, positive cytologic findings, or residual tumor. Fifteen patients (group 1) had stage I, II, or III completely resected tumor; 13 patients (group 2) had microscopic or less than 3-mm lesions at second-look laparotomy following combination chemotherapy. A major complication occurred in one patient; two patients had minor complications. Overall, 24 of 28 patients (85.7%) were alive at 11-77 months; 23 (82.1%) had no evidence of tumor. Fifteen of 15 (100%) group 1 patients and eight of 13 (61.5%) group 2 patients did not have tumor relapse after 30 months and 28 1/2 months, respectively. P-32 was found to be an effective adjuvant treatment in a select group of patients with ovarian carcinoma who were at high risk for intraabdominal recurrence.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1987

Epithelial carcinoma of the nasal fossa.

Epithelial carcinoma of the nasal cavity and vestibule occurs relatively rarely and is primarily treated with surgical excision, radiation therapy, or a combination of these two treatment modalities. This review describes the treatment methods and results of patients seen at the Indiana University School of Medicine from 1963 through 1983 in the Departments of Radiation Oncology and Otolaryngology. Using the medical records of 34 patients, this retrospective study reviews the clinical significance of histology, anatomical location of primary tumors, and therapeutic results, including the pattern of treatment failures of primary tumors. The results of radiation therapy alone compare favorably with the results of surgery alone. A review of the literature and this study indicate that patients receiving a combination of surgery and irradiation face a better prognosis than those who experience surgery or irradiation alone.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Intraarterial chemotherapy and hyperthermia for pain control in patients with recurrent rectal cancer.

For the majority of patients with unresectable recurrence of rectal cancer, persistent pain is the most distressing problem. This brief study describes a method to control pain in 10 patients with unresectable rectal cancer confined to the pelvis after standard therapy failed. All of the patients had percutaneous placement of infusion catheters in both internal iliac arteries. A continuous intraarterial infusion of 800 mg/m2 of 5-fluorouracil per day was given for 7 days and 10 mg/m2 of mitomycin C was administered as a bolus injection on the seventh day only. Four patients also received whole body hyperthermia by way of a Erbotherm 434 mHz microwave generator on the second and fifth days of infusion. Relief of pain occurred in three of the six patients who received intraarterial chemotherapy only. All four patients who also received hyperthermia achieved prolonged pain relief when it was added. We have concluded that intraarterial chemotherapy may be beneficial in patients with uncontrolled pelvic pain due to recurrent rectal cancer. The addition of hyperthermia may augment the benefit.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Advanced stage IIIB cancer of the cervix treatment by hyperthermia and radiation.

Treatment records of patients with primary untreated Stage IIIB carcinoma of the cervix treated at Indiana University Department of Radiation Oncology from November 1964 through January 1979 were reviewed. During this period, 79 patients were treated; 46 received external therapy using cobalt-60, 15 received a 25-MV photon beam, and 18 received a 25-MV photon beam followed by 45 min of 434-MHz microwave hyperthermia producing central tumor core temperatures of 39.5 to 41.5 degrees C. All patients received similar doses of radiation using combination intracavitary radioactive isotopes and external therapy. Patients who received heat therapy in combination with radiation therapy did not have increased acute or chronic complications of normal tissues. Local tumor control was superior when regional heat therapy was given; however, long-term absolute survival rates were not affected as the survival rate at 5 years was not statistically different in any of the three treatment groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Observations on the use of adjuvant radiation therapy in patients with stage I and II uterine sarcoma.

From November 1973 through July 1982, 225 women with Stage I or II uterine sarcoma were entered on a protocol which evaluated the use of doxorubicin in the adjuvant setting. Of these, 157 patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Following complete surgical removal of all known clinical disease, consenting patients were randomized to receive either 60 mg/m2 of doxorubicin every 3 weeks for eight courses or no further therapy. The use of radiation therapy in this protocol was optional, and a review of protocol cases was undertaken to determine progression-free interval, survival rates, and site of first recurrence in the radiation therapy and no radiation therapy groups. In patients with Stage I or II leiomyosarcoma of the uterus, there was no difference in the progression-free interval, absolute two-year survival rate, or site of first recurrence in the two groups. There was no difference in the progression-free interval or absolute survival rates for cases with Stage I and II uterine mixed mesodermal sarcomas in the two treatment groups. However, those who received radiation therapy to the pelvis experienced a statistically significant reduction of recurrences within the radiation treatment field.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Testicular seminoma: analysis of treatment results and failures.

Pure testicular seminoma has historically been treated primarily with radiation therapy, and excellent results have been achieved. Recently, several aspects of the treatment of seminoma have been questioned; namely, the value of mediastinal irradiation in Stage II disease, and whether a dose response curve existed for seminoma. Because these questions have remained unanswered, we undertook a retrospective review of all patients with pure testicular seminoma treated in the Department of Radiation Oncology at Indiana University Medical Center. From 1961-1981, 54 patients with pure testicular seminoma were given megavoltage irradiation with curative intent. Thirty three patients were Stage I, with tumor confined to the testicle with no evidence of nodal spread. Fifteen patients were Stage IIA, with metastases less than 5 cm in size in the retroperitoneal nodes. Four patients were Stage IIB, with metastases greater than 5 cm in size in the retroperitoneal nodes. One patient was Stage III, with supradiaphragmatic metastases confined to the mediastinum and supraclavicular area. One patient was Stage IV, with evidence of extralymphatic metastases. The crude survival rate (corrected for intercurrent death, except for treatment toxicity) for the entire group was 87%. For Stage I, it was 91%, Stage IIA-80%, Stage IIB-75%, Stage III-100%, and Stage IV-0%. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years with a range of 2 to 21 years. Evaluation of the Stage I patients reveals that 2500 rad in 3 weeks appears to be adequate in controlling microscopic disease, as there were no in-field recurrences when this dose was given. Those patients with Stage IIA and IIB disease who received greater than or equal to 3500 rad to macroscopic disease had 100% (7/7) survival and local control, while those receiving less than or equal to 3000 rad had a 66.6% (8/12) survival with three of four demonstrating persistent or recurrent abdominal disease. Thus, we feel that macroscopic disease requires 3500 rad to 4000 rad for control. All Stage II and III patients had planned mediastinal irradiation. No patients who received mediastinal irradiation recurred in the mediastinum. Whether this is because of our treatments or the natural disease process remains unanswered. Overall, we were able to salvage 12.5% (1/8) of our recurrences, while 37.5% (3/8) died from toxicity of their salvage therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Adenocarcinoma corpus et colli: analysis of diagnostic variables.

Between January 1973 and December 1983, 469 patients with carcinoma of the endometrium were seen at this institution. Eighty-one patients were identified with adenocarcinoma involving both the uterine body and the cervix. Patients were divided into three groups for evaluation. Group A (n = 58) had a positive cervical biopsy or endocervical curettage, but a normal-appearing cervix at clinical examination. Group B (n = 18) had gross tumor involving the cervix which was confirmed by biopsy. Group C (n = 5) had unsuspected cervical involvement revealed at hysterectomy. Fourteen Group A patients received preoperative radiation therapy. Thirty of the 44 Group A patients (68.2%) who did not receive preoperative radiation, had no involvement of the cervix by tumor in the hysterectomy specimen. Seventy-six patients were eligible for follow-up of at least 18 months. There were 24 recurrences among these 76 patients. Recurrence was more common with advancing grade and with increasing myometrial invasion. Pelvic failures occurred with comparable frequency in both Groups A and B. Only 4 of 11 patients who were found to have extrauterine disease at surgery are still alive. In this study, we found that endocervical curettage has a significant false-positive rate, both histologic grade and volume of cervical involvement should be considered in treatment planning, primary operation should be considered in the management of selected patients with Stage II endometrial carcinoma, and extrauterine disease is a grave prognostic factor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Gliomas in children following radiation therapy for lymphoblastic leukemia.

Four children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed intracranial gliomas between 40 and 120 months following multiagent chemotherapy, prophylactic whole brain irradiation, and intrathecal Methotrexate. The diagnosis of glioma was confirmed in each case with biopsy or autopsy. These children were part of a larger series of 73 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated at Indiana University receiving 24 Gy as per the protocol guidelines of the Children's Cancer Study Group. Currently 42 patients of the original 73 children survive in continuous remission.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of survival-curve data for heat plus irradiation in terms of the multitarget, multitarget with initial slope, and alpha, beta equations.

Survival values have been computed for heat plus radiation data using the three most common radiation survival models: multitarget, multitarget with initial slope, and linear quadratic. By chi 2 analysis, all three models provide an equally good fit to the experimental data. When the survival values are compared, the linear quadratic model provides a slightly better fit in the shoulder region, while the multitarget models provide a slightly better fit in the exponential region.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of the heat and radiation interaction.

The amount and type of interaction between heat and radiation are evaluated for several sets of experiments using Chinese hamster ovary cells, subline HA-1, through the interaction coefficient derived by Roti Roti and Henle. As the duration of postradiation heat treatment is increased from 15 min to 2 h, the amount of interaction increases linearly with heating time from 15 to 60 min. From 60 to 120 min the amount of interaction remains relatively constant. For a given heat treatment the amount of interaction increases linearly with radiation dose over four decades of survival when the X-ray treatment immediately follows the heat treatment. The additivity of heat and radiation is also analyzed by use of the envelope of additivity method suggested by Steel and Peckham. The results imply that heat and radiation are not superadditive which suggests that this analysis is inapplicable to the interaction of these two modalities. Several possible reasons for the failure of this analysis are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Extranodal lymphoma of the head and neck area.

Records of 64 patients with extranodal lymphoma of the head and neck area treated at this institution between 1965 and 1982 have been reviewed. Of these cases, 78% had Stage I-EA disease, 20% had Stage II-EA disease, and 2% had Stage III-EA disease. Excluded from this study were patients of the pediatric age, patients with previous chemotherapy and surgery, patients in whom extranodal involvement has been a terminal manifestation of wide-spread disease, and patients with nodal involvement with extension of disease outside the lymph nodes. Patients with a histiocytic histology accounted for 63%, 28% were of lymphocytic histologies, 4.5% were of mixed histologies, and in 4.5% a diagnosis of lymphoma or benign lymphocytic proliferation had been made. The paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and oral cavity were the most frequent sites of involvement, making up 39% of the cases--with the orbit, central nervous system, nasopharynx, salivary glands, thyroid, skin, and larynx following in that order of frequency. All patients received a definitive course of radiotherapy, except patients with CNS involvement. In no case was chemotherapy given concomitantly with the radiation therapy. One-third of the patients did require chemotherapy at a later time for progression of disease. No patients were lost to follow-up. Seven patients with primaries of the brain were inevaluable for response; however, all patients having visible or palpable tumors achieved a complete response (100%), and there was no recurrence or persistent disease in the field of therapy. The next area of disease involvement depended on the site of the primary. Nodal involvement following extranodal disease carried a poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses.

During a 20 year period, 121 patients with malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses were seen at this institution. Of these cases, 109 patients with carcinomas originating from the mucous or paranasal sinuses were evaluated. Data were analyzed on the basis of 1. primary tumor control and metastatic nodal sterilization, 2. pre and post-therapy incidence and location of neck node metastasis, and 3. overall survival. Data were also analyzed as to survival on the basis of TNM classification and histology. From this retrospective study, the incidence of neck node metastasis prior to treatment appears to be slightly higher than in literature (23/88 or 26%). The incidence of post-treatment metastasis is 9/88 or 10%. No significant correlation was noted between histology and neck node metastasis.

Adolescent↗