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Biomedical subjects

N Baba

Publications and source records attributed to N Baba.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Interference of the induction of suppressor cells by a streptococcal preparation, OK-432 through the blocking of suppressor inducer T-cells.

The effect of OK-432 on suppressor inducer T cells in the generation of suppressor cells was investigated to determine its mechanism of action as an immunopotentiating agent. Suppressor cell activities induced by sera from patients with advanced cancer (stage III, IV or recurrence) were found to be as high as those induced by Con-A. Suppressor activity induced by Con-A or serum from cancer patients resided in CD8+ T cells, although CD4+ T-cells were required for the induction of suppressor cells. Significant increases in the CD4+2H4+ T cell population after stimulation with either Con-A or sera from the advanced cancer patients were observed when compared with stimulation by normal serum. Stimulation with Con-A induced suppressor cells as well as a significant increase of CD4+2H4+ T-cells. The presence of OK-432 during the generation of suppressor cells, however, significantly reduced the suppressor activity and apparently blocked the increase of CD4+2H4+ T-cells. Thus, it is suggested that OK-432 may interfere with the induction of suppressor cells through the blocking of CD4+2H4+ suppressor inducer T-cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

High dose, external beam and intraoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Ninety patients with pancreatic cancer were treated by external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and/or intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with or without surgical resection of the tumor, and the results were compared with those of a historical control comprising 112 patients treated by surgery alone. At an early stage of this study, postoperative EBRT (50-60 Gy) or IORT (25-33 Gy) was given alone, but recently the two modalities have been combined. The combination of high doses of EBRT and IORT was well tolerated provided that the gastrointestinal tract was not irradiated during IORT. Although EBRT plus IORT appeared to yield better results than either EBRT or IORT alone, the difference was not significant on multivariate analysis, and patients receiving EBRT, IORT, or EBRT + IORT were grouped together. Patients receiving radiotherapy in addition to macroscopically curative surgery had a slightly longer median survival time (14 months) than those receiving curative surgery alone (10 months), but the 3-year survival rate was similar (21% vs. 19%). In patients who underwent noncurative resection, the median survival time was significantly longer for the irradiated group (12 months) than for the control group (6.5 months). Also, in patients with unresectable lesions but no distant metastases, irradiation prolonged the median survival time significantly (8 vs. 3.5 months). In this group, there was one 5-year survivor, who received EBRT of 55 Gy plus IORT of 30 Gy to his unresectable pancreatic body lesion. Patients with metastases were also treated for palliation of symptoms, but it was found that irradiation prolonged the median survival time even in such cases (4.5 vs. 2.5 months). Based on these results, we plan to use EBRT plus IORT in all pancreatic cancer patients with no metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Unresponsiveness of insulinoma cells to secretin: significance of the secretin test in patients with insulinoma.

It is well known that B cells in the pancreas release insulin when stimulated by secretin, but there have been few reports on the response of insulinoma cells to secretin. In five patients with insulinoma, changes in serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentration were measured after the intravenous injection of secretin into the peripheral vein before and after extirpation of the insulinoma. The extirpated insulinomas were cultured and tested for their response to secretin. The rise in serum IRI in response to secretin in patients with insulinoma was significantly slower and smaller than in normal volunteers. After removal of the insulinoma, the response to secretin became prompt and increased with time. Cultured insulinoma cells did not release insulin when stimulated by secretin. Therefore, it is concluded that the response of insulinoma cells to secretin is quite different from that of normal beta cells, and that the function of beta cells in the insulinoma-bearing pancreas is suppressed by the autonomous hypersecretion of insulin by the insulinoma. The extent of the decrease in function of the beta cells in patients with insulinoma can be estimated by the intravenous secretin test. Thus, the secretin test is sometimes useful in the differentiation of hypoglycemia due to insulinoma from that due to beta cell hyperplasia or alimentary hyperinsulinemia.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) with extracorporeal photochemotherapy--preliminary report.

Since August of 1988, we have treated seven CTCL patients with extracorporeal photochemotherapy, including two with tumor-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) showing mucinous degeneration, two with plaque-stage MF, and two with erythrodermatous MF. One was withdrawn just after the first trial. For each patient, the phenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry in terms of the percentages of OKT11, OKT3, OKT4, Leu9, OKT8, B1, Tac, OKT9, OKIa1, Leu7, Leu3a/4B4, and Leu3a/2H4 cells. These parameters were compared with the clinical responses according to skin score. The two patients with tumors died, but the five patients without tumors did not. Three of the 6 patients responded to the treatment. Side effects that are often associated with standard chemotherapy, such as bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal symptoms and hair loss, were not observed. One cardiovascular event (1 patient) occurred. No significant changes in T-cell subsets were seen during the course of therapy. These preliminary data suggest that extracorporeal photochemotherapy may be effective for CTCL other than tumor-stage MF.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Expression of T-cell receptor (TCR)alpha chain on normal human tonsils and T-cell lymphomas.

We analyzed immunohistologically the expression of T-cell receptor (TCR)alpha chain on human tonsils and on T-cell lymphoma (T-ML) tissues using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. A murine monoclonal antibody alpha F1, specific for the constant region of the TCR alpha chain, was employed. On normal tonsil, alpha F1-positive cells were observed mainly in T-zones and germinal centers. In T-zones, the staining intensities varied markedly, with heavy staining evident in less than one fourth. In germinal centers, a proportion of stained cells showed a histiocytic pattern with small cytoplasmic projections. All the T-ML tissues expressed TCR alpha, whereas the staining intensities varied among cases and among lymphoma cells. No correlations were observed in the expressions of TCR alpha chain and other T-cell markers including CD3, CD4 and CD8.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1990

[Immunopathological study of proliferation-associated antigens in proliferative skin diseases].

59 specimens consisting of 10 psoriasis vulgaris, 1 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 Paget disease, 3 keratoacanthomas, 1 pemphigus vulgaris, 18 cutaneous T cell lymphomas, 2 ATLs, and other skin diseases were studied by immunoperoxidase technique. We used four antibodies to demonstrate a cell proliferation-associated antigen (PC, DNA polymerase-alpha and transferrin receptor) and epidermal growth factor receptor. Our observations suggested that the expression of PC and DNA polymerase-alpha may correlate well with cell proliferation, which were demonstrated in the epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris. Primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and some of psoriasis vulgaris had a positive staining for EGF-R, while normal epidermis and almost all other skin diseases were negative.

Antigens↗
PubMed1990

Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and the spleen from gastric cancer patients.

Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and the spleen from gastric cancer patients were identified by either single or two color analysis with fluorescence activated cell sorter-IV (FACS-IV) using monoclonal antibodies. The absolute and percentages of CD3+ (mature T) cells and CD4+ (helper/inducer T) cells in peripheral blood from the advanced cancer patients were significantly lower than those from normal healthy controls. In peripheral blood, a significant decrease of CD4+ cells was due to the decrease of CD4+ CD45RA+ (suppressor inducer T) cells, while CD8+ CD11b+ (suppressor T) cells tended to increase with progress of the disease. CD4+ CD45RA+ cells located more predominantly in peripheral blood and spleen than in the splenic vein, while CD8+ CD11b+ cells were more predominant in the splenic vein.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

[A new technique to prepare non-reversed autovein graft].

Non-reversed autovein graft was prepared by using a long saphenous vein. Disposable enema-syringe was used for vein graft to be turned inside out easily, and venous valves were resected out completely. After these procedure, a graft was put with syringe again, and turned outside in with same maneurver. Then, a non-reversed autovein graft without valves was prepared. We believe this is an excellent method to prepare non-reversed valveless autovein graft to be used as bypass grafting for cardiovascular surgery.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Expression of proliferation-associated antigens in cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates].

The expressions of PC (Ki-67), DNA polymerase-alpha and OKT9 (transferrin receptor) were studied in 29 cutaneous T cell lymphomas and in a variety of benign cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. PC, DNA polymerase-alpha and OKT9 were detected in malignant cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates much more frequently than in benign cutaneous infiltrates. Besides, correlation with histologic grading of lymphomas and expressions of those antigens on lymphoid cells was indicated: the high-grade types, e.g. immunoblastic type, exhibited greater positivity than intermediate-grade types and much more than low-grade types.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1989

Radical pancreatectomy for ductal cell carcinoma of the head of the pancreas.

Seventy-four patients were treated with a radical or a nonradical pancreatectomy for ductal cell carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Their survival rates and the selection of the operative procedure were evaluated. In 32 patients, a radical pancreatectomy was attempted where there was sufficient clearance of regional or juxta-regional lymph nodes beyond the group of suspected metastatic nodes, as well as a resection of a greater margin of soft tissue around the pancreas. These patients' cumulative 5-year survival rate was 33.4%. In 14 Stage I or Stage II patients, the cumulative 5-year survival rate was 46.4%. In 18 Stage III or Stage IV patients, the cumulative 5-year survival rate was 20.7%. For 42 patients treated with a nonradical pancreatectomy with the dissection of lymph nodes adjacent to the pancreas or of regional lymph nodes but with insufficient clearance of the soft tissue around the pancreas, the cumulative 2-year and 3-year survival rates were 5.4% and 0%, respectively. In seven patients with Stage II carcinoma, the survival rate was 16.7% after 2 years and 0% after three years. In 35 Stage III or Stage IV patients, the survival rate was 3.2% after 2 years and 0% after 3 years. Thus, the survival rates were significantly higher in patients treated with radical operation than in patients who had nonradical operation. These results indicate that a radical pancreatectomy with sufficient lymph node clearance with the surrounding connective tissue around the pancreas is indispensable to cure patients with ductal cell carcinoma of the pancreas.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Serial section reconstruction using a computer graphics system: applications to intracellular structures in yeast cells and to the periodontal structure of dogs' teeth.

A computer graphics system for reconstruction from serial section micrographs was applied to intracellular details of a yeast target cell (Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell) induced by the alpha factor mating pheromone and was also applied to a periodontal structure of a dog tooth moved orthodontically. In the former, intracellular organelles and a distribution of vesicles could be clearly observed through the cell membrane using the transparent display method in which the smoothing of the reconstructed outer cell membrane surface by computer processing was applied to the transparent display. In the latter case, by cutting through a reconstructed dog tooth and its periodontal tissues, labiolingual and mesiodistal cut surfaces of the tooth and of adjacent alveolar bone could be observed with fine details (232 sections were used).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Application of ion-beam etching techniques to the fine structure of biological specimens as examined with a field emission SEM at low voltage.

The term "etching," in electron microscopy, refers to the removal of specimen surface layers and includes chemical, electrolytic, and ion-beam methods. The ion-beam etching process is used to remove layers of a target material by bombarding it with ionized gas molecules. Recently, the method has been applied to the field of biological specimens; however, the practical procedures for such organic materials have not been developed. In the present study, we used an apparatus in which a beam of argon ions is collimated and focused by electrostatic lenses onto an appropriate target. We demonstrated the optimum conditions to observe biological specimens that were treated with osmium tetroxide and tannic acid. The specimens were examined uncoated at low accelerating voltage using a field emission scanning electron microscope. According to our experiments, when a biological specimen was observed under high-resolution conditions at over 50,000x magnification, the optimum condition of ion-beam etching consisted of an accelerating volage of E = 1 keV and an ion-beam dose of It = 360-400 microA.min, depending on parts of the specimens. In order to decrease overetching, we had to choose factors such as E = 1-2 keV and It = 500 microA.min.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Blocking of lymphocyte surface binding sites for the soluble suppressor factor by protein-bound polysaccharide, PSK.

The ability of protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK) to block the suppressive activity of soluble suppressor factor (SSF) was investigated. The suppressive activity of SSF derived from U-937 cells on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte proliferative (LP) response was significantly reduced in the presence of PSK. The release of SSF was not inhibited by the treatment of U-937 cells with PSK. The suppressive activity of SSF on LP response to PHA was significantly decreased by the pretreatment of responder lymphocytes with PSK. Studies to determine lymphocyte receptor activity were performed. PSK competed with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) which recognized the same receptor as SSF on the surface of the lymphocyte. Neither PSK nor serum competed with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. Thus, PSK may inhibit SSF-mediated suppression by competing for specific binding sites on the surface of responder lymphocytes.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Phenotypic heterogeneity of lymphoma of the skin.

We studied surface markers present in 56 cases of lymphoma of the skin by immunohistochemical staining, using the ABC (avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex) and PAP (peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex) methods. Of these cases, 49 were T-cell lymphoma and 7 were B-cell lymphoma. Ten of the 49 cases of T-cell lymphoma were adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Twenty-five of 31 cases of T-cell lymphoma except ATL analyzed by the ABC method showed a helper/inducer phenotype (Leu2a-,Leu3a+), two cases showed a suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (Leu2a+, Leu3a-), one case showed Leu2a+Leu3a+, one case showed an inducer phenotype (Leu2a-, Leu3a+, Leu9+), and one case showed OKT11+, Leu2a-, Leu3a-, Leu1-, Leu9+, CD25+, Leu10+, CD30+. One CD8+ lymphoma was Pagetoid reticulosis, and a CD4+, CD8+ lymphoma was lymphomatoid papulosis with erythematous plaque. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), previously described by Edelson et al., is defined as a helper T-cell lymphoma with marked affinity for the skin. In our study, 5 cases of T-cell lymphoma of the skin were not CTCL as described by Edelson et al. These results show that T-cell lymphoma of the skin is heterogeneous in nature. In other words, CTCL is one type but represents a major proportion of T-cell lymphomas of the skin.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Three-dimensional analysis of morphogenesis induced by mating pheromone alpha factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Ultrastructural analyses of cytoplasmic changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A (MATa) that had been treated with alpha factor were performed by using the freeze-substitution fixation method. After alpha factor treatment, cells exhibited a pointed projection, which is a unique pattern of oriented cell surface growth. The relationship between projection formation and intracellular organelles was examined using serial thin sections and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions. Using these analyses membrane vesicles and other organelles were detected, and studies on their dynamic structural reorganization became feasible. Production of membrane vesicles (average 65 nm in diameter) was induced upon exposure of the cells to alpha factor before projection emergence. The total number of membrane vesicles increased at the early stage and decreased at the late stage of projection formation. Three-dimensional analysis indicated that the vesicles were at first dispersed throughout the cell, then accumulated at the site where the projection formed. Morphological changes and multiplication of the Golgi body were seen during the process of projection formation. Other intracellular organelles (nucleus, vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria) were also rearranged, showing a polar organization of the cytoplasm during projection formation.

Mating Factor↗
PubMed1989

[The influence of truncal vagotomy or surgical sympathectomy on the pancreatic trophic effect of trypsin inhibitor upon normal rats and major pancreatectomized rats].

The influences of truncal vagotomy or surgical sympathectomy on the pancreatic trophic effect of oral administration of synthetic trypsin inhibitor (FOY-305) were examined upon normal rats and 85% major pancreatectomized rats. On normal rats, oral administration of trypsin inhibitor increased pancreatic weight, DNA content RNA content, protein content, pancreatic weight/DNA, RNA/DNA and protein/DNA. This pancreatic trophic effect seemed to be consisted of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pancreatic acinar cell. Under truncal vagotomy or surgical sympathectomy, this trophic effect was not diminished. On major pancreatectomized rats, oral administration of trypsin inhibitor also caused pancreatic trophic action, consisted of hyperplasia mainly. And truncal vagotomy or surgical sympathectomy did not decrease this action. These results suggested that oral administration of trypsin inhibitor might be a beneficial method for functional recovery of remnant pancreas after major pancreatectomy even under the denervated state.

Animals↗