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Biomedical subjects

N C Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to N C Gupta.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Clinical use of 24-hour gastric pH monitoring vs o-diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid (DISIDA) scanning in the diagnosis of pathologic duodenogastric reflux.

The efficacy of o-diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid (DISIDA) scanning was compared with that of computerized analysis of 24-hour gastric pH monitoring to diagnose excessive duodenogastric reflux in 22 normal volunteers and 106 consecutive patients with foregut symptoms. DISIDA scanning had a false-positive rate of 18% in the normal volunteers. Gastric pH monitoring showed an increasing prevalence of duodenogastric reflux in patients with increasing clinical evidence of this condition, which was not seen with DISIDA scanning. Both DISIDA scanning and gastric pH monitoring identified duodenogastric reflux in most patients who had had previous pyloroplasty or antrectomy. Only gastric pH monitoring, however, showed a significantly increased prevalence of duodenogastric reflux in symptomatic patients after previous cholecystectomy compared with those who had not undergone previous surgery. These data suggest that 24-hour gastric pH monitoring is superior to DISIDA scanning in identifying duodenogastric reflux as a cause of foregut symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sonographic appearance of hepatic hydatid disease.

The sonographic appearance of 25 proved cases of hepatic hydatid disease was characterized and correlated with surgical and pathologic findings. Sonography has a very high accuracy in detecting the type, size, number and location of hepatic hydatid cysts. It also indicates whether they are live (Type I, IR, II) or dead (Type III). The presence of hydatid cysts in the rest of peritoneal cavity and their complications can also be detected. It is of immense help in the selection of cases in which urgent surgery is needed e.g. contained (Type IR), communicating and direct rupture of hydatid cysts. When hydatid cysts are infected, they lose their characteristic sonographic appearance and become hyperechoic. This article details the findings and emphasize the criteria for recognizing hepatic hydatid disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Myocardial uptake and clearance of T1-201 in healthy subjects: comparison of adenosine-induced hyperemia and exercise stress.

Pharmacologic stress testing with dipyridamole is useful in patients undergoing thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy who cannot adequately exercise. Because dipyridamole increases coronary blood flow by reducing the metabolism of adenosine, the authors compared the uptake and clearance of T1-201 following exercise stress testing (EST) and resting intravenous infusion of adenosine (AI) in crossover fashion in 20 healthy men. No perfusion defects or areas of redistribution were noted in any of the scans. Mean absolute myocardial T1-201 uptake was 1.3 times greater with AI than with EST. Mean absolute extracardiac uptake was 2.0 times greater with AI. Mean T1-201 myocardial clearance was virtually the same in all AI and EST views. During AI, 70% of the subjects experienced subjective side effects, mean arterial blood pressure decreased by 15%, and heart rate increased by 48%. The effects of adenosine on T1-201 kinetics in the myocardium are similar to those of EST. Adenosine may be useful as a pharmacologic stress agent in patients undergoing T1-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1989

Ultrasonic evaluation of complicated meningitis.

Sixty children of proven meningitis and with clinical suspicion of its complications and open fontanelle were evaluated by real time ultrasound. Twenty of these patients had normal ultrasound findings while 40 showed varied sonographic features suggesting complications of meningitis, e.g., ventricular dilatation, pus in the ventricles, increased periventricular echogenicity, brain abscess, subdural effusion, porencephalic cysts, etc. Ultrasound is very useful in the diagnosis and serial follow up of these complications.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1989

Sonographic evaluation of gall bladder in acute viral hepatitis.

Twenty children of acute viral hepatitis were subjected to ultrasound of gall bladder in acute and recovery phase. Increased wall thickness, reduced volume and abnormal echo-texture of gall bladder contents were the findings in the acute phase. A normal ultrasound of gall bladder was restored in most of the patients within 2-4 weeks.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Positron emission tomography (PET): a unique approach for the imaging of in vivo metabolism.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a new diagnostic imaging modality which will be available for the study of patients in the greater Nebraska area beginning mid year 1989. This technology will provide unique information on regional function and blood flow in a variety of body organs. Our emphasis will be placed on the identification of the viability of heart muscle in patients suffering a myocardial infarction or following thrombolysis who are being considered for a bypass procedure or angioplasty. We will also use PET to identify epileptic foci and to aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and for the assessment of the efficacy of various treatments of brain and other organ tumors. Despite the relatively high fixed costs of PET, we are confident that the unique information provided by this technology will prove not only to be effacacious but cost effective as well. Thus reimbursement through medical insurance programs, including Medicare, is expected to occur for those studies identified above. Likely coverage for additional PET procedures, particularly in the evaluation of psychiatric disorders, will occur after efficacy and cost effectiveness of these studies have been demonstrated.

Brain↗
PubMed1988

Radionuclide imaging in osteomyelitis.

The utility of bone imaging has remained significantly high despite the proven suboptimal specificity of the conventional three-phase bone scan. The quantitative four-phase study may play a role in maintaining its usefulness in the future. However, due to its extremely high sensitivity and excellent anatomical information, it remains as the first diagnostic study in most suspected cases of acute osteomyelitis. The future would see development of new imaging modalities aimed at enhancing the specificity for diagnosis of active osteomyelitis. The indium leucocyte study has been the single most important development in this respect in the last decade. NMR has been another important addition to complement the anatomical information for defining the extent and nature of infectious process--acute or chronic. It remains to be seen if the other investigative work on antigranulocyte antibodies or other imaging agents or techniques would make the future diagnosis of osteomyelitis more reliable and accurate using the nuclear medicine techniques.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1988

Study of Duane's retraction syndrome.

The clinical observations made on 20 patients (24 eyes) of Duane's retraction syndrome are presented. A modification of Huber's classification of the syndrome is suggested in order to make it more clinically orientated.

Duane Retraction Syndrome↗