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Biomedical subjects

N C Jain

Publications and source records attributed to N C Jain.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in dogs and cats.

As improved diagnostic reagents become available, greater diagnostic accuracy can be expected. After a thorough clinical and laboratory examination, intensive therapy must be started immediately and maintained until clinical remission is achieved. An effort must be made to determine the existence of associated disease states and to institute appropriate treatment. Prognosis is guarded when AIHA is accompanied by severe hepatic and renal diseases, especially in the older animal. Prognosis is more guarded when AIHA is associated with either AITP or SLE. Remissions are to be expected and necessitate continual laboratory examinations and prolonged therapy. With care and tenacity, careful management can provide long-term benefits to the patient.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1981

Autoimmune thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats.

Autoimmune thrombocytopenia has been recognized as a distinct entity in the dog and cat. It is characterized by: (1) clinical signs of thrombocytopenia, such as hemorrhages into the skin and tissues and from body orifices, (2) coagulation defects related to thrombocytopenia, such as prolonged bleeding time and poor clot retraction, (3) hematologic changes such as severe to moderate thrombocytopenia, often blood loss anemia, and signs of increased erythropoiesis, and (4) an absence or decreased number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow during early phase and increased number during compensatory phase. Megakaryocytes may also show morphologic abnormalities. Serologic diagnosis of AITP in the dog and cat currently involves demonstration of antiplatelet antibody in serum by PF-3 test and/or associated with marrow megakaryocytes by a technique of direct immunofluorescence. Circumstances leading to formation of antiplatelet antibody remain unknown. Immune-mediated platelet destruction is believed to occur in the reticuloendothelial system, primarily in the spleen. Treatment consists primarily of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Dogs with primary AITP generally respond favorably to such therapy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1980

The platelet factor-3 test for detection of canine antiplatelet antibody.

Autoimmune thrombocytopenia can be diagnosed by demonstrating antiplatelet antibody in patient's serum using a platelet factor-3 test. A procedure was developed to conduct the platelet factor-3 test using a Fibrometer to record coagulation time. The procedure provides a more practical and consistent way of reading results than making visual observations. It is also simple enough for use as a laboratory method to evaluate thrombocytopenic patients. With this procedure, positive results were obtained for about one-third of the thrombocytopenic dogs examined so far.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Fusiform erythrocytes resembling sickle cells in angora goats: observations on osmotic and mechanical fragilities and reversal of cell shape during anaemia.

Osmotic and mechanical fragilities of erythrocytes were determined for seven goats having 3.4-71 per cent fusiform erythrocytes. The osmotic fragility was related to the erythrocyte shape in that the osmotic resistance was considerably higher for bloods containing more than 26 per cent fusiform erythrocytes. A decrease in the proportion of fusiform erythrocytes in the same goats was related to an increase in the osmotic fragility. Anaemia was induced in two goats by removal of 200-400 ml of blood at three or four day intervals for eight weeks. Red cell values decreased by 28-43 per cent within three weeks, but further bleeding produced either no or less (0-21 per cent) reductions in these values. Slight reticulocytosis was seen during the anaemic phase and there was a concomitant increase in the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin values. Reticulocytosis diminished before the start of recovery from anaemia and disappeared during the recovery phase. The most significant finding was the change in the erythrocyte morphology during production of and recovery from anaemia. The development of anaemia was associated with a gradual reduction in the proportion of fusiform erythrocytes or discoid cells and simultaneous increase in the proportion of erythrocytes exhibiting distinct poikilocytosis. Recovery from the anaemia was rapid (within five weeks), but reversal of the erythrocyte shape took several months. Severe blood loss anaemia in the goat is known to induce synthesis of haemoglobin C, and in these anaemic goats formation of a new haemoglobin, most likely haemoglobin C, was demonstrated by electrophoretic and column chromatographic analyses. It was concluded that the formation of haemoglobin C was responsible for the morphological changes in the erythrocytes.

Anemia↗
PubMed1979

Hematologic abnormalities preceding myeloid leukemia in three cats.

Cytopenia were recognized in three cats infected with feline leukemia virus. In one cat, marrow blast cells were increased in number, and a diagnosis of aleukemic leukemia was made. The disease progressed slowly for 3 1/2 months before terminating in acute myelomonocytic leukemia, recognized as a blast crisis in blood. In the other two cats, neutropenia and altered granulopoiesis in bone marrow preceded development of myeloid leukemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Frequency of use or abuse of amphetamine-related drugs.

A survey was done on over 10,000 urine samples from the Los Angeles County Probation Department and methadone maintenance programs to determine the frequency of use of eight sympathomimetic amine drugs including amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, mephentermine, phendimetrazine, beta-phenethylamine, phenmetrazine, and phentermine. As expected, the frequency of use of amphetamine was relatively high followed by phentermine, ephedrine, and methamphetamine. The extensive use of ephedrine and phentermine may warrant testing for these drugs on a more routine basis in drug monitoring programs.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1979

Frequency of use of diazepam in individuals on probation and in methadone maintenance programs.

During the spring of 1977 a survey was taken of drug analysis results for over 17,500 urine samples from Los Angeles County probationers and over 8,500 urine samples from Los Angeles County methadone clinic enrollees to determine the frequency of diazepam (Valium) use. The probation department specimens were found to contain diazepan less frequently than the methadone clinic specimens as a group. There were, however, wide variations in use frequency between the seven methadone clinics.

Diazepam↗
PubMed1979

Common mammary pathogens and factors in infection and mastitis.

Inflammation of the mammary gland, commonly known as mastitis, is considered a complex disease in view of its complexities of etiology, pathogenesis, sequela, therapy, and related aspects. The disease of most concern is the one produced by pathogenic microorganisms. However, as a prerequisite the pathogen must not only enter the mammary gland but also be able to survive and multiply in numbers sufficient to produce pathogenic effects. The normal bovine mammary gland is protected from such attacks by several anatomic and biologic armamenta which must be overcome by the invading pathogens. Organisms involved in causation of mastitis vary in their habitat, virulence, and susceptibility to host barriers. Similarly cows vary in their resistance to microbial entry into the mammary gland and subsequent response to overcome the infection. Only a few organisms, however, need to survive in the milieu of the mammary gland to produce mastitis. This paper is a general discussion of these aspects concerning bovine mastitis in relation to common mammary pathogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A survey of drug use among probationers in the Los Angeles area in 1976.

The results are presented from the analysis of 10,000 urine specimens from Los Angeles County probationers in early 1976 for the following drugs: amphetamine, methamphetamine, allylbarbital, amobarbital, butabarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital, morphine, codeine, methadone, primary metabolite of methadone, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, propoxyphene, norpropoxyphene, methaqualone, and phencyclidine. Over 27% of the urine samples analyzed were positive for at least one drug. Opiates were found to be the most widely used drugs, but multiple drug use was also quite common.

California↗
PubMed1978

Leucocytic changes in cows given intravenous injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin.

Single intravenous injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin into normal cows produced dose dependent leucocytic and febrile responses. Injections of 5 to 20 microgram endotoxin induced a neutrophilia between 4 and 8 h, whereas 50 to 500 microgram produced a severe neutropenia for 4 to 6 h followed by a gradual increase in neutrophils along with slight to moderate left shift. Higher doses caused progressively severe lymphopenia and greater increase in fever than the lower doses. It was concluded that blood leucocytic changes during the early part of endotoxin-induced mastitis are partly related to systemic absorption of endotoxin, and that the size of the bone marrow neutrophil reserve in the cow could be estimated by injecting 5 to 10 microgram of endotoxin intravenously.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Phagocytosis of serum-resistant and serum-sensitive coliform bacteria (Klebsiella) by bovine neutrophils from blood and mastitic milk.

Phagocytic activity of neutrophil leukocytes from bovine blood and mastitic milk was determined for 2 strains of Klebsiella, 1 resistant and the other sensitive to serum bactericidal activity. Both strains were easily phagocytized in the presence of an opsonic agent, but milk neutrophils seemed to be less efficient than blood neutrophils in this respect. Phagocytosis was maximal after incubation for 60 minutes at 37 C and decreased markedly with reduction in incubation temperature. The opsonic activity of mastitic milk was considerably higher than that of normal milk and approached that of fresh bovine serum. Precolostral calf serum was deficient in opsonic activity and anti-bovine leukocyte serum was antiphagocytic.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Mass screening and confirmation of codeine and morphine in urine by radioimmunoassay-GLC.

A rapid, sensitive, and specific procedure is described for the mass screening and confirmation of codeine and morphine in urine specimens. The method is sensitive to 0.5-mug/ml levels of both opiates in free and/or conjugate forms. The raw urine is screened directly by radiommunoassay, which is reactive to both free and glucuronide forms of codeine and morphine. Specimens that are screened positive are confirmed by GLC using a flame-ionization detector. The opiates are analyzed as their acetyl derivat-ves on two different columns, OV-25 and Poly-A 103. This multiple approach eliminates false positives caused by interfering substances or structurally similar compounds present in the urine.

Chromatography, Gas↗