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Biomedical subjects

N D Novikova

Publications and source records attributed to N D Novikova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Review of the knowledge of microbial contamination of the Russian manned spacecraft.

The 15-year experience of orbital station Mir service demonstrated that specifically modified space vehicle environments allows for the consideration of spaceship habitats as a certain ecological niche of microbial community development and functioning, which was formed from the organisms of different physiological and taxonomical groups. The base unit of the orbital station (OS) Mir was launched on February 20, 1986, and on March 13 the first crew arrived to it. From that moment a unique microbiocenosis started forming in the closed environment of the space station, and vital activity of the microorganisms continued for the next 15 years in a specifically changed environment, in conditions of continuous influence of a set of factors intrinsic to space flight. A total of 234 species of bacteria and fungi were found onboard orbital station Mir, among which microorganisms capable of resident colonization of the environment of space objects as a unique anthropotechnological niche were revealed. In such conditions the evolution of microflora is followed by the rise of medical and technical risks that can affect both sanitary-microbiological conditions of the environment and the safety and reliability characteristics of space equipment. The latter is caused by progressing biological damage to the structural materials. The microbial loading dynamic does not have linearly progressing character, but it is a wavy process of alternation of the microflora activation and stabilization phases; on this background there is a change of the dominating species by quantity and prevalence. The accumulated data is evidence of the necessity of the constant control of the microbial environmental factors to maintain their sanitary and microbiological optimum condition and to prevent the processes of constructional materials biodestruction.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2003

[The concept of microbiological safety of a piloted Martian expedition].

It is the peculiar evolution of the microbial association aboard long-operating space vehicles that lends additional medical, technical and technological risks that may impact crew safety and orbital systems performance. Based on the experience of the Russian space stations, a concept of microbiological safety of a piloted expedition to Mars has been proposed comprising preventive measures, methods, means and technologies to control the microbiological environment in transport vehicles, lander and Martian habitation module.

Environmental Microbiology↗
PubMed2001

[Basic patterns of microflora development in the environment of orbital complex Mir].

During the multi-year operation of orbital complex Mir a systematic survey of development and behavior of microflora was performed in order to assess the associated risks to the piloted vehicle. Microorganisms isolated from the Mir environment represented 234 species of which 108 were bacteria and 126 microscopic fungi. Bacteria included opportunistic pathogens causing opportunistic infections. There were also fungi that were pathogenic for humans leading to mycosis and mycotoxication. The largest species diversity was characteristic of fungi, so-called technophils damaging polymers and corroding metals. Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium Bacillus dominated among the bacteria and Penicullium, Aspergillus and Cladosporium were most common, omnipresent and numerous among the fungi. Microbial contamination of Mir undulated so that activation periods alternated period of stabilization and other species prevailed in number and spread. Evaluation of microflora in this environment was conducive of medical and technological risks.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1998

[Comparative evaluation of microorganisms biological characteristics isolated in the orbital complex "Mir" on different phases of its operation].

Colonizing and bio-destructive activities and pathogenetic potential of microorganisms isolated from the MIR environment at different phases of its operations were tested and evaluated in comparison with standard "museum" cultures of analogous species. Comparison of bacterial and fungal species revealed certain cultural, biochemical, and morphological distinctions of the "flight" strains. However, to assess the character and the risk associated with peculiar evolution of microflora in long-term space missions, more careful investigations should be followed with the use of the strain genetic labeling and other modern techniques.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1998

[Residential colonization of orbital complex "Mir" environment by penicillium chrysogenum and problem of ecological safety in long-term space flight].

Results of many years of the survey of highly specific evolution of quantitative and species composition of microflora of the MIR environment are reviewed. Analysis of the data enabled listing of microorganisms-declinous fungi with the ability of residential colonization of structural materials of the interior and equipment of habitable modules of the space station. Results of the studies of variability and level of similarity/affinity on the basis of DNA, polymorphism of strains isolated in space flight, convincingly confirmed this characteristic in the Penicillium chrysogenum cultures. In view of the common origin determined from the signs of genetic alliance, the P. chrysogenum strains isolated on MIR in 1995 can be considered descendants of the cultures found at the beginning of the MIR operation. This ecological expansion of P. chrysogenum in the space station environment gains in prominence due to the fact that representative of this particular species known for its active biodestructive nature were, as a rule, detected in the areas where structural materials of the SALYUT and MIR space stations incurred biological degradation.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1995

[Current problems of microbial safety of the interior environment of orbital stations after extended period of operation].

The authors give considerations to one of the core hygienic problems arising in the process of long-term operation of orbital stations, i.e. ensuring microbial health of the milieu interior. Data pertaining the origin, interactions, and transformation of the microbial risk factors are analyzed as applied to this class of spacecraft. A concept of microbial health of the milieu interior including both medical and technological aspects relating to the reliability of space hardware is proposed. Based on the result of investigations in space flight, the developed criteria and indices of microbial health can be turned to practical use. The currently central tasks to be solved within the context of the problem and in view of the construction of international space station ALPHA are listed.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1990

[Blood immunogenetic markers in suppurative-infectious diseases].

The results are available of typing red blood cells (ABO, Rh, MN) and HLA antigens (locus A, B) as well as haptoglobulin in 118 cases of pyosepsis. The occurrence of some HLA-antigens and of haptoglobulin types was specified for an overall group of patients, staphylococcal and pseudomonas sepsis, vital infection patients. Distribution of the above immunogenetic markers in separate nosological variants of pyoseptic infection has been analyzed.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1990

[Study of the optimal conditions of preservation of cephalosporin C-producing fungus Acremonium chrysogenum].

The influence of various preservation conditions of viability and antibiotic activity of Acremonium chrysogenum 281A and 305A strains producing cephalosporin C was studied. Cryogenization of the culture in the form of suspension of the vegetative mycelium in 20 per cent glycerol solution at a rate of 1 degree/min showed to be advantageous over lyophilization and L-drying. Cryogenization under such conditions provided rather high viability of the culture and preservation of its initial antibiotic activity for the period of its storage for at least 1.5 years in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -196 degrees C.

Acremonium↗
PubMed1980

[Prolonged storage of fungal culture collections on agarized media].

The study of the efficacy of storage of 300 fungal cultures on agarized media with repeated passages showed that the survival level of the fungi stored with this method may serve an additional biological characteristics for some species: Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium sclerotiorum and others. When the fungi were stored on agarized media with repeated passages for a prolonged period of time, there were observed lower levels of sporulation, sclerotia formation and pigmentation in some cultures.

Agar↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of the cultivation temperature on the growth and culture properties of microorganism collection type cultures].

The effect of temperature on growth and cultural properties of 309 strains of actinomycetes and bacteria from the Culture Collection of the All-Union Research Institute of Antibiotics was studied. The most favourable temperature for the overwhelming majority of the cultures ranged within 24--37 degrees C. The highest temperature limit in some of the cultures was the strain characteristic. Increased temperature entailed better growth and sporulation and changes in some of the cultural properties of separate strains of Str. rimosus, Str. fradiae, Str. roseus, Str. reticuli, Str. longisporus, Str. rubescens and Str. sp. To show more completely the variation ranges of actinomycetes it is recommended that for their description not only cultures grown on different media, which is the most common practice in taxonomic investigations be studied but also cultures grown at various temperatures.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cabin microflora of manned space vehicles and the problem of the biological destruction of the construction materials used in them].

It is found that during operation of manned space objects there can occur the microbial growth on the structural materials of cabin interior and equipment which results in their biological destruction. The biodestructing processes can involve single parts of cabin interior, trainer linkages, connectors, cables, illuminators. Ninety four microbial species have been identified in spacecraft environment. The bacterial flora was presented by 19 genera pertaining to 11 families and involved 58 species. The mold and yeast-like fungi were presented by 12 genera and consisted of 36 species. The significant quantities of isolated microbial species were classified as potentially pathogenic microorganisms; many of them are known as biodestructers of polymeric materials. The isolated microbial cultures in space missions have become the basis of strain bank intended for further study and practical use in validating the construction materials.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Penicillium expansum, a resident fungal strain of the orbital complex Mir, producing xanthocillin X and questiomycin A].

It was demonstrated that the fungus Penicillium expansum 2-7, a resident strain of the orbital complex Mir, which became dominating at the end of a long-term space flight, formed biologically active secondary metabolites (antibiotics). Using physicochemical methods, these metabolites were identified as xanthocyllin X and questiomycin A. Time courses of their biosyntheses during growth and development of the producer culture were studied. Addition of zinc to the culture medium affected both the growth of the culture and the biosyntheses of the antibiotics. The concentrations of zinc in the medium, optimum for xanthocyllin X and questiomycin A production, amount to 0.3 and 3.0 mg/l, respectively.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Air purification aboard space vehicles].

Air purification unit POTOK 150MK has been designed to clean air of space vehicles from microbial contaminant. Comparison of the data of analysis of air samples collected in different periods of operation of the space station MIR and ISS reconfirmed efficiency of the unit.

Air Microbiology↗