Biomedical subjects

N Koide

Publications and source records attributed to N Koide.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Benign gastric ulcer associated with Canidida infection in a healthy adult.

A case of benign gastric ulcer associated with Candida infection in a healthy adult is reported. The patient was a 46-year-old man complaining of epigastralgia. Endoscopic examination of the upper digestive tract revealed an elevated lesion with ulceration having an unclear border and thick exudates. The clinical diagnosis based on endoscopic findings was a benign gastric ulcer; however, biopsy was performed to distinguish it from malignant lymphoma. Histological examination of biopsy samples obtained from the base and the edge of the ulcer revealed numerous Candida. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with Candida-infected gastric ulcer. The ulcer resolved after the administration of antiulcer drugs for 2 months. Predisposing factors for fungal infection were excluded. These observations suggest that Candida-infected gastric ulcer should be suspected in patients with a gastric submucosal tumor-like lesion with a thick, yellowish-white coated ulcer of unclear border on its summit, and this lesion should be distinguished from malignant diseases.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

PubMed1999

Reresection for local recurrence of rectal cancer.

Local recurrence is one of the major reasons that rectal cancer surgery is unsuccessful. The aim of this study was to investigate the surgical characteristics of patients undergoing reresection for local recurrence of rectal cancer. A total of nine patients were enrolled in this study, six of whom underwent total pelvic exenteration, one, posterior exenteration, one, abdominoperineal resection with sacral resection, and one, lymph node dissection alone. The mean operative time was 8 h 15 min, and the mean operative blood loss was 2 325 ml. Although major postoperative complications occurred in four patients (44%), there were no postoperative or hospital deaths. Lateral lymph node metastasis was detected in all four patients whose lateral lymph nodes were dissected or extirpated at the reresection. Two patients survived for more than 5 years without rerecurrence, and the cumulative 5-year survival rate was 26%. The para-aortic lymph nodes were the most common site of first rerecurrence. The results of this study indicate that patients who undergo reresection for local recurrence of rectal cancer are at high risk of devel-oping lateral or para-aortic nodal metastasis. Nevertheless, reresection may be a therapeutic option for the local recurrence of rectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

Primary cultures of human endothelial cells are susceptible to low doses of Shiga toxins and undergo apoptosis.

Various endothelial cells, with the exception of those from human microvasculatures, have been known to resist Shiga toxins (Stxs) in vitro. However, freshly prepared primary cultures of human endothelial cells from the umbilical vein and artery and the saphenous vein were shown to be killed by a very low dose of Stxs. This cytotoxicity of Stxs involves apoptosis, which seems to be caused by a mechanism distinct from the well-known action of Stxs to inhibit protein synthesis, since the blockade of protein synthesis by cycloheximide could not induce apoptosis or enhance the effect of Stxs. Passaged human endothelial cells have been found to be highly resistant to Stxs, which is consistent with previous reports, and not to show any evidence of apoptosis even when they are killed by a high dose of Stxs.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed1999

Hepatic resection of giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver.

Surgical treatment of giant hemangioma of the liver is still controversial. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of hepatic resection for giant hemangioma of the liver. Twenty patients with giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver were treated by hepatic resection. The mean diameter of the hemangiomas was 13.9 cm (range, 6.5-30 cm). The surgical outcome was reviewed retrospectively. Major hepatectomy was performed in 14 patients and minor hepatectomy in 6 patients. Complications occurred in 7 of the 20 patients treated by hepatic resection. At a mean follow-up of 79 months (range, 12-173 months), 18 patients were symptom free whereas 2 patients had died--one died of pneumonia at 2 years and the other died of gastric cancer 6 years after surgery. Mean intraoperative hemorrhage and blood transfusion in all patients was 4,343 mL (range, 270-24,000 mL) and 1,860 mL (range, 0-8,800 mL) respectively. In the seven patients with preoperative high levels of fibrin degradation products (FDP), mean intraoperative hemorrhage and blood transfusion were markedly higher (9,371 mL and 3,714 mL respectively) than in the 13 patients without abnormal FDP (1,603 mL and 900 mL respectively). Preoperative hematologic status returned to normal after operation in all patients. Hepatic resection is a useful treatment for giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver. More careful management to reduce intraoperative hemorrhage is recommended to increase the safety of surgery, particularly in patients with preoperative abnormal FDP.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Experimental murine model for autoimmune enterocolitis using Klebsiella pneumoniae O3 lipopolysaccharide as a potent immunological adjuvant.

An experimental model for autoimmune enterocolitis was produced in mice by repeated immunization of homologous colon extract together with Klebsiella 03 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) as an immunological adjuvant. Histological changes in the intestinal lesions were characterized by infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae and submucosa of repeatedly immunized mice. No such intestinal lesions were produced in mice receiving injections of colon extract alone or KO3 LPS alone. Development of the autoantibody and delayed-type hypersensitivity against colon extract were found in mice immunized with the mixture of colon extract and KO3 LPS. Distinct positive staining was detected specifically on the columnar epithelium of villi. Sera from hyperimmunized mice defined organ-specific antigens present in the intestine. Therefore, it was suggested that the intestinal lesions might be caused by an autoimmune mechanism.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1999

Production of murine collagen-induced arthritis using Klebsiella pneumoniae O3 lipopolysaccharide as a potent immunological adjuvant.

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was produced in mice with non H-2q and H-2r haplotypes by repeated immunization of porcine type-II collagen (CII) together with Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) as an immunological adjuvant. Histological changes that appeared in joints of repeatedly immunized mice were characterized by destruction of normal joint structure, synovial hyperplasia with proliferation of synovial cells, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. No such lesions were produced in mice receiving repeated injections of CII alone or KO3 LPS alone. Development of the humoral antibody and the delayed-type hypersensitivity to CII was exclusively found in mice immunized with the mixture of CII and KO3 LPS. It was therefore suggested that arthritis lesions induced by repeated immunization with the mixture of CII and KO3 LPS might be caused by an autoimmune mechanism, and that the experimental model might be useful for characterization of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1999

Alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer: histochemical analysis of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric cancer has been associated with a poor prognosis. In the present study, the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of this cancer were studied histochemically to determine its malignant potential. METHODS: Tissue samples were taken from four patients with AFP-producing gastric cancer and 26 patients with AFP-negative gastric cancer. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Ki-67 immunostaining, and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was determined. Apoptosis was studied by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling method, and the apoptotic index was determined. Angiogenesis was evaluated by measuring the microvessel density using factor VIII immunostaining, and immunostainings for vascular endothelial growth factor and thymidine phosphorylase were performed. RESULTS: The Ki-67 LI of the AFP-producing gastric cancers was significantly higher than that of the AFP-negative gastric cancers (p < 0.01). The apoptotic index of the AFP-producing gastric cancers was significantly lower than that of the AFP-negative gastric cancers (p < 0.01). The microvessel density of the AFP-producing gastric cancers was significantly higher than that of the AFP-negative gastric cancers (p < 0.01). Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was observed in all four of the AFP-producing gastric cancers, whereas thymidine phosphorylase was not expressed in any of the AFP-producing gastric cancers. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that AFP-producing gastric cancers have high malignant potential (high proliferative activity, weak apoptosis, and rich neovascularization) compared with that of AFP-negative gastric cancers. These biological characteristics of AFP-producing gastric cancer reflect the aggressive behavior and the poor prognosis of patients with this type of cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice as an experimental endotoxic shock model.

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic injury was studied in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-sensitized mice. The inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) was immunohistochemically detected on hepatocytes around blood vessels in livers of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS not on hepatocytes in mice injected with D-GalN or LPS alone, although mRNA for iNOS was found in those mice. Nitrotyrosine (NT) was also found in livers of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS. The localization of NT was consistent with that of iNOS, and the time courses of NT and iNOS expression were almost the same. Expression of iNOS and NT was detected exclusively in the hepatic lesions of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralizing antibody inhibited iNOS and NT expression and hepatic injury. The results suggested that NO from iNOS may play a role in LPS-induced hepatic injury on D-GalN-sensitized mice as an experimental endotoxic shock model.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Expression of Fas and Fas ligand on mouse renal tubular epithelial cells in the generalized shwartzman reaction and its relationship to apoptosis.

Previously we reported that the consecutive injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into LPS-sensitized mice for the generalized Shwartzman reaction (GSR) appeared to induce the injury of renal tubular epithelial cells via apoptosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanism of renal tubular epithelial cell injury in GSR. The expression of Fas and Fas ligand was immunohistochemically detected on renal tubular epithelial cells from GSR-induced mice, although neither Fas nor Fas ligand was found in cells from untreated control mice or in cells from mice receiving a single injection of LPS. GSR-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury was produced in neither Fas-negative MRL-lpr/lpr mice nor Fas ligand-negative MRL-gld/gld mice. The administration of anti-gamma interferon antibody together with a preparative injection of LPS prevented the expression of Fas and Fas ligand and the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. A provocative injection of tumor necrosis factor alpha into LPS-sensitized mice augmented Fas and Fas ligand expression and the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. The administration of tumor necrosis factor alpha to interleukin-12-sensitized mice resulted in Fas and Fas ligand expression and the apoptosis. Sensitization with interleukin-12 together with anti-gamma interferon antibody did not cause the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. It was suggested that the Fas/Fas ligand system probably plays a critical role in the development of renal tubular epithelial cell injury through apoptotic cell death.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Tuberous sclerosis associated with multiple hepatic lipomatous tumors and hemorrhagic renal angiomyolipoma.

We report a case of tuberous sclerosis associated with hepatic lipomatous tumors and renal angiomyolipomas. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a high echoic large tumor in the left kidney. A provisional diagnosis of angiomyolipomas of the kidney was made based on computed tomography. Subsequent laparotomy revealed that the extracted tumor was renal angiomyolipoma. It was also revealed that there was an association with hepatic lipomatous tumors thought to be lipomas or angiomyolipomas by liver biopsy. Nearly half of all cases of angiomyolipoma in the kidney are reported as occasional association with tuberous sclerosis complex, but lipomatous tumors in the liver are rare.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal schwannoma.

Although laparoscopic surgery for retroperitoneal diseases has been widely performed, there are few reports of laparoscopic resection for retroperitoneal tumors. We present the case of a 5-cm retroperitoneal tumor compressing the right common iliac vein and inferior vena cava that was successfully resected using a laparoscopic technique. Dissection between the tumor and the large vessels was performed safely using a harmonic scalpel and an ultrasonic surgical aspirator. Histopathology of the resected tumor showed a benign schwannoma. Laparoscopic surgical techniques should be considered for treatment of selected retroperitoneal tumors.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Allele-specific inactivation of the alpha4 integrin gene expression in fibrosarcoma cell lines and relevance for spontaneous metastasis.

Deregulated expression of genes is found in cancer cells, which may affect malignant properties, but it is unclear whether such modulation occurs allele-specifically. This study shows that the gene coding alpha4 integrin, a cell adhesion molecule, underwent allelic inactivation in a series of heterozygous murine fibrosarcoma cell lines (MST lines) with different metastatic potentials. P4 cells expressed the alpha4 integrin gene from one allele at a level comparable to that of the primary MST1 tumor, whereas the descendent lines of P4 exhibited decreased expression of both alleles. No allelic loss of DNA was observed in these cells. Other four clones derived from P4 and five clones from a different tumor also showed such two-step inactivation. Intriguingly, the loss of expression was correlated with the acquisition of spontaneous, but not artificial, metastatic ability. This is consistent with the previous result of inverse relation between the expression of alpha4/beta1 integrin and the invasive potential of B16 melanoma cells. Analysis of DNA methylation and chromatin state of the alpha4 integrin gene failed to provide a clue to difference between the two alleles in the cell lines. These results suggest that the allelic inactivation is a process giving loss of function to one allele, although the mechanism is unclear.

Alleles↗

PubMed1998

Increase in the expression of biglycan mRNA expression Co-localized closely with that of type I collagen mRNA in the infarct zone after experimentally-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

Biglycan, a small dermatan sulphate proteoglycan, has been postulated to interact with other components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), specifically collagens. We hypothesized that biglycan messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is increased in the myocardial infarct zone. Biglycan mRNA expression after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats was determined with the use of Northern blotting and in situ hybridization, and its expression pattern was compared to that of type I collagen mRNA [alpha1(I) collagen]. The left coronary artery was ligated in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and the hearts were excised on days 2 and 7. The Northern blot analysis demonstrated that expression of biglycan mRNA in the infarct on days 2 and 7 were 4.0- and 6.8-fold higher, respectively, compared to the sham-operated hearts. The in situ hybridization revealed intense signals for both biglycan and alpha1(I) collagen mRNA on day 2 in the spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells located between the surviving myocytes in the infarct peripheral zone. On day 7, biglycan mRNA signals were observed in the interior of the infarct around the infarct granulation tissue, a distribution that was essentially the same as that of alpha1(I) collagen. These results demonstrated that the increases in the infarct biglycan mRNA expression produced by mesenchymal cells (presumably myofibroblasts and fibroblasts) was closely co-localized with that of type I collagen mRNA, indicating that biglycan contributes to the infarct healing processes.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Unusual variant of left paraduodenal hernia herniated into the mesocolic fossa leading to jejunal strangulation.

Paraduodenal hernia is a rare condition in which the small bowel loops are herniated into an unusual fossa in the periduodenal area. We treated a patient with paraduodenal hernia diagnosed preoperatively. A 28-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of intermittent abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large tumor adjacent to the pancreas. Provisional diagnosis made according to computed tomography (CT) findings was tumor of the pancreas tail. However, on a CT scan performed after the administration of diatrizoate meglumine/diatrizoate sodium (Gastrografin, Schering, Berlin, Germany) the mass was shown as a jejunum loop located between the stomach and the pancreas body. Subsequent laparotomy revealed that the jejunum loop was herniated into an unusually large mesocolic fossa and that the hernial orifice was covered by the adhesion between the transverse and descending colons. It seemed that the small intestine within the mesocolic fossa was strangulated by this adhesion. The patient's abdominal pain resolved postoperatively. These observations suggest that paraduodenal hernia should be suspected in patients with chronic, atypical abdominal pain, regardless of the findings for small bowel obstruction.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Multiple carcinoids of the duodenum accompanied by type I familial multiple endocrine neoplasia.

A case of multiple carcinoid tumors of the duodenum accompanied by familial multiple endocrine neoplasia is reported. A 46-year-old man with duodenal polyps discovered during a mass screening was followed up for 5 years. In August 1994, a histological examination revealed carcinoid tumors, and he was thus referred to our hospital for surgery. He underwent a parathyroidectomy and cholecystectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism and cholecystolithiasis, respectively. The patient's sister had also undergone a parathyroidectomy and distal pancreatectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism and insulinoma of the pancreas. In addition, his two children were also followed up for hypercalcemia. A serum examination of the patient revealed high levels of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide, but normal levels of gastrin and serotonin. In November 1994, a pancreaticoduodenectomy with a D2 lymph node dissection was performed. The macroscopic findings of the resected specimen showed multiple polypoid lesions with delles on the top, measuring 3 to 15 mm in size throughout the duodenum. A microscopic examination revealed the tumor to have infiltrated into the submucosa extensively, and an immunohistochemical analysis also demonstrated the tumor cells to be positive for somatostatin, but not for pancreatic polypeptide. After surgery, the serum level of somatostatin returned to normal but the pancreatic polypeptide remained high. The post-operative course was uneventful, and the patient remains in good health.

Carcinoid Tumor↗

PubMed1998

Synchronous gastric tumors associated with esophageal cancer: a retrospective study of twenty-four patients.

OBJECTIVES: Synchronous gastric tumors (including benign and secondary tumors) associated with esophageal cancer present diagnostic and therapeutic issues. We investigated this synchronous association, and retrospectively determined the frequency of the gastric tumors and the clinical characteristics. METHODS: In a series of 208 patients with esophageal cancer, we investigated the synchronous gastric tumors, as well as the frequency of association, clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and the clinical outcome after surgery. RESULTS: Twenty-eight gastric tumors were found in 24 patients. Adenocarcinoma was most frequent. Most of these tumors were located at the upper or middle third of the stomach. Eight gastric tumors in six patients could not be detected preoperatively. Six of these tumors including a gastric remnant cancer were detected in the resected stomach, and two leiomyomas were detected during the operation. In one patient in which an endoscope could not pass through the esophagus, a leiomyoma was detected in the resected stomach. For the gastric cancers, total gastrectomy or proximal gastrectomy with lymph node dissections was performed. For the benign tumors, partial resection of the stomach was performed, and endoscopic resection was performed preoperatively for an adenoma. In both the postoperative hospital mortality rate and the survival rate after surgery, there were no significant differences between the patients with and without gastric tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Synchronous gastric tumors associated with esophageal cancer are not rare. When an endoscope cannot pass through the esophagus before surgery, other techniques must be performed to explore the stomach. For these patients, surgical treatment should be adapted positively.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Altered expression of constitutive type and inducible type heat shock proteins in response of D-galactosamine-sensitized mice to lipopolysaccharide as an experimental endotoxic shock model.

The expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) as stress-induced proteins was studied in mice injected with D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an experimental endotoxic shock model. The expression of constitutive type heat shock protein 70 (HSC70) was significantly reduced in livers of mice injected with D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide, while its expression was unaffected in livers of mice injected with D-galactosamine or lipopolysaccharide alone. The expression of other constitutive type heat shock proteins, namely HSP60, HSP32 and HSP25 was also reduced in mice injected with D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide. On the other hand, inducible type HSP70 was detected in livers from mice injected with D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide, but not in livers from mice injected with D-galactosamine or lipopolysaccharide alone. Simultaneous injection of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha antibody prevented the liver from reduced expression of constitutive type HSC70, and lead to marked expression of inducible type HSP70 in the liver. Reduced expression of constitutive type HSC70 was also found when D-galactosamine and recombinant TNF-alpha was injected. Therefore, TNF-alpha was suggested to play a critical role on altered expression of constitutive HSC70 and inducible type HSP70 in response of D-galactosamine-sensitized mice to lipopolysaccharide.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Role of CD86 (B7-2) in triggering of antigen-specific IgE antibody response by lipopolysaccharide.

The role of CD86 in triggering of ascaris extract-specific IgE antibody response by lipopolysaccharide was studied. The simultaneous administration of anti-CD86 antibody with ascaris extract and lipopolysaccharide prevented the production of IgE antibody response to ascaris extract. CD86+ cells were detected in peritoneal cavities and spleens of mice injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide. CD86+ cells appeared in peritoneal cavities and spleens eight hours after lipopolysaccharide injection, and they were detectable for a week. CD86+ cells in peritoneal cavities and spleens were mainly surface Ig-positive B-cells and some Ig-negative cells. It was suggested that lipopolysaccharide induced the expression of CD86 mainly on B-cells, and that CD86+ cells induced by lipopolysaccharide injection might play an important role as antigen-presenting cells on triggering of ascaris extract-specific IgE antibody response by lipopolysaccharide.

Abatacept↗