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Biomedical subjects

N Koide

Publications and source records attributed to N Koide.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Generation of Escherichia coli O9a serotype, a subtype of E. coli O9, by transfer of the wb* gene cluster of Klebsiella O3 into E. coli via recombination.

Genetic characterization of the wb* gene in a series of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella strains possessing the mannose homopolymer as the O-specific polysaccharide was carried out. The partial nucleotide sequences and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggested that E. coli serotype O9a, a subtype of E. coli O9, might have been generated by the insertion of the Klebsiella O3 wb* gene into a certain E. coli strain.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1998

Inter-laboratory difference among eleven clinical laboratories in the Okayama City area.

The aim of the present study was to find the cause of inter-laboratory differences in laboratory test data and to examine whether control assessment helps to reduce inter-laboratory differences. Blood and serum samples of one healthy subject and one subject with liver cirrhosis were analyzed by 11 laboratories in the Okayama City area. No differences were found in the assay units of 26 tests surveyed. However, considerable differences were observed in test data, reference interval, and clinical level (CL), though most laboratories pointed out that the test data for the normal subject was within the reference intervals and those for the patient with liver cirrhosis showed abnormalities in tests for liver function. The difference in reference intervals was serious in the tests of direct bilirubin (D-Bil), thymol turbidity test (TTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and choline sterase. Marked differences in CLs were found in the tests of D-Bil, TTT, ALP, GGTP, creatine phosphokinase, amylase, heavy density lipoprotein cholesterol and white blood cell count. However, three hepatologists independently suggested that such inter-laboratory differences would not seriously affect a clinical decision on the disease status of the cirrhotic patient. Most tests that showed a trend error in a recent quality control survey appeared to have the same trend in the present study. These results indicate that inter-laboratory differences occur at various levels and control assessment are helpful in establishing, and therefore reducing, the level of inter-laboratory differences.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Continuous intraportal chemotherapy for prevention of metachronous hepatic metastasis in colorectal cancer].

Fifty-five colorectal cancer patients who had continuous intraportal chemotherapy between 1990 and 1993 (treated group) and 130 colorectal cancer patients who did not have portal chemotherapy between 1982 and 1993 (untreated group) were studied to clarify the effects of continuous intraportal chemotherapy on the prognosis. After a catheter was placed in the portal vein through the right gastroepiploic vein at the time of radical operation, 10 mg of MMC was continuously infused for 4 hours at operation and 500 mg/day of 5-FU was continuously infused for 7 days postoperatively. The toxicities of this therapy were not serious. The five-year survival rate was 65.3% in the treated group and 65.6% in the untreated group. The five-year disease-free survival rate was 69.8% in the treated group and 58.6% in the untreated group, with no significant difference. In stage II patients, however, the five-year disease-free survival rate in the treated group was slightly higher than in the untreated group (90.0% vs 70.3%, p = 0.073), and the rate of hepatic recurrence in the treated group was significantly lower than in the untreated group. These results suggest that continuous intraportal chemotherapy may prevent metachronous hepatic metastases in stage II colorectal cancer patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Evolutionary relationship among rfb gene clusters synthesizing mannose homopolymer as O-specific polysaccharides in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella.

In order to clarify the evolutionary relationship among rfb gene clusters synthesizing mannose homopolymer as O-specific polysaccharides in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella, we studied the DNA sequence of the boundary region between the rfb and his genes in a series of strains possessing mannose homopolymer as O-specific polysaccharide. All had a characteristic gene organization carrying no gene between the rfb and his genes. Further, the recombination event was suggested to occur at the same site of the hisI gene in those strains. It was suggested that there was a close evolutionary relationship among rfb gene clusters synthesizing mannose homopolymer as O-specific polysaccharide in E. coli and Klebsiella.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1997

Ion-channels formed by hypelcins, antibiotic peptides, in planar bilayer lipid membranes.

Ion-channel properties of native hypelcins (HP) A-I, A-V and B-V isolated from Hypocrea peltata and a synthetic analog, HP-A-Pheol, were studied in planar bilayer lipid membranes by a single-channel recording technique. The native and synthetic hypelcins formed ion-channels with three conductance levels for 3 mole dm(-3) KCl: < or = 0.09 nS at 225 mV (level 0, only detectable at voltages above 200 mV), approximately 0.6 nS at 150 mV (level 1, most common level) and approximately 3 nS at 150 mV (level 2). The effects of the C-terminal aminoalcohol on the channel properties were examined with HP-A-I, HP-A-V and HP-A-Pheol, whose C-termini are leucinol (Leuol), isoleucinol (Ileol) and phenylalaninol (Pheol), respectively. The substitution of Pheol for Leuol and Ileol prolonged the open channel lifetime. A comparison of HP-A-V (Gln18) and HP-B-V (Glu18) indicated that the carboxyl group at position 18 increased both the open channel lifetime and the magnitude of unitary channel conductance at each conductance level. The pores of level 1 showed poor ion-selectivity for K+ over Cl-. The selectivity order of alkali metal cations was Rb > or = Cs > or = K > Na > Li for level 1 and Cs > Rb > K > Na > Li for level 0. The unitary current-voltage characteristics showed non-linear relationships, which were simulated by a Nernst-Planck approach with a simple barrier model.

Alamethicin↗
PubMed1997

Augmentation of lipopolysaccharide-induced thymocyte apoptosis by interferon-gamma.

The role of interferon (IFN)-gamma on thymocyte apoptosis in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. The administration of LPS into mice induced marked apoptosis of thymocytes in vivo, but the simultaneous injection of anti-IFN-gamma antibody with LPS completely prevented thymocyte apoptosis. Pretreatment of mice with IFN-gamma markedly enhanced LPS-induced thymocyte apoptosis. Thymocyte apoptosis augmented by IFN-gamma occurred in the thymic cortex, and target cells undergoing apoptosis were CD4+8+ immature thymocytes. IFN-gamma itself did not induce thymocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. IFN-gamma exhibited no synergistic action with effector molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and glucocorticoids. Further, it was shown that IFN-gamma did not enhance the susceptibility of thymocytes to apoptosis. Pretreatment of mice with IFN-gamma significantly augmented the serum TNF-alpha level and the serum cortisol level in response to LPS. Therefore, we suggest that IFN-gamma might augment LPS-induced thymocyte apoptosis through elevating serum TNF-alpha and cortisol levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 protein in squamous cell carcinoma and basaloid carcinoma of the esophagus.

In the present study, the expression of bcl-2 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basaloid carcinoma (BC) was immunohistochemically examined, and its relation to tumor progression and postoperative survival was determined in SCC. A total of 42 SCC and 4 BC tumor samples were fixed with formalin, embedded in paraffin, and stained using monoclonal bcl-2 protein antibody, clone 124. Immunoreactivity was semiquantitatively scored, and the staining results were compared with the pathologic features and survival rates. The cytoplasm of basal cells from the normal esophageal epithelium was stained. In some well- and moderately differentiated SCCs, bcl-2 protein-positive reaction was observed in the peripheral part of the tumor cord, but in poorly differentiated SCC, the cells were weakly or hardly stained. However, in BC, the cells were strongly stained. The immunoreactivity was positive in 45.2% of the SCCs and all of the BCs. There were no significant differences in pathological features or patient survival between the bcl-2 protein-positive and protein-negative SCCs. In conclusion, the expression was not related to tumor progression and had no prognostic significance in SCC. Conversely, BC had strong immunohistochemical expression, probably associated with the differentiation of carcinoma cells simulating the basal cells of the esophagus.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical studies of vascular volume and proliferative activity in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

For immunohistochemical investigation and clarification of the relationship between the vascular volume in esophageal carcinoma and the proliferative activity of its tumor cells, we examined surgical specimens of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus from 15 patients. The vascular volume was evaluated by immunostaining for platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 with monoclonal antibody JC70, and the proliferative activity of the carcinoma cells was evaluated by immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) with antibody 19A2. The ratio of the vascular area to the tumor area and the labeling index (LI) for PCNA in the carcinoma cells was then calculated. The antibody JC70 was useful for immunohistochemically detecting blood microvessels in esophageal carcinoma. The vascular volume, expressed as the ratio mentioned above, was higher in well- and moderately differentiated SCCs than in poorly differentiated SCC (P < 0.01), and the PCNA LI did not depend on the degree of differentiation. However, there was a significantly inverse relationship between the ratio of the vascular area to that of carcinoma and the PCNA LI of the carcinoma cells (P < 0.01). These findings show that angiogenesis is greater in esophageal carcinomas with little proliferative activity.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Mixed connective tissue disease associated with idiopathic portal hypertension and chronic thyroiditis.

We report a patient with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) associated with idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) and chronic thyroiditis. The patient was a 68-year-old Japanese woman who was admitted to our hospital for treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. She had previously exhibited Raynaud's phenomenon and had had arthritis for about 30 years. She also had had high titers anti-U1 of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) anti-single strand-DNA autoantibodies for 2 years, and had been diagnosed with MCTD 1 year previously. The bleeding from esophageal varices was successfully stopped by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. Results of laboratory examinations, imaging examinations, and laparoscopy, including liver biopsy, indicated that the esophageal varices were caused by portal hypertension due to IPH. The patient also had a diffusely firm and enlarged goiter and hypothyroidism, and she exhibited anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, she was diagnosed as having a complication of chronic thyroiditis. This association of MCTD, IPH, and chronic thyroiditis is quite rare and provides a unique opportunity to observe immunological involvement in the pathogenesis of IPH.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Oesophageal cancer associated with other primary cancers: a study of 31 patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of oesophageal cancer associated with other primary cancers and the survival rate after surgery for the patients with these cancers. Of 202 patients with oesophageal cancer treated in the Second Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine between 1981 and 1995, 31 patients (15.3%) had oesophageal cancer associated with other primary cancers. Twenty-one synchronous and 10 metachronous associated cancers were found and 25 of them were resected. Early-stage oesophageal cancer was much more frequent in the associated cases than in the non-associated cases. The stomach was the most frequently associated organ. The numbers of cases with triple and quadruple cancers were three and one, respectively. Three of these cases had intervals of over 6 years between tumours. Three cases with other primary cancers which had intervals of over 7 years after oesophagectomy were found, and two were carcinomas of the reconstructed gastric tube. In the outcome after surgery for oesophageal cancer, there was no difference between the associated and the non-associated cases, and also no difference between the synchronous and metachronous associated cases. Regarding the five-year and 10-year survival rates after surgery for the first cancers, the synchronous cases had a poorer outcome than did the metachronous cases. In conclusion, oesophageal cancer with other primary cancers is not always rare, and its outcome is not poor compared with that of the non-associated cases. These patients may achieve survival by early detection of both lesions and positive treatment. It is important to consider the risk of other primary cancers after oesophagectomy, and the success of the reconstructed gastric tube should be followed by endoscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on vascular endothelial cells and renal tubular cells in the generalized Shwartzman reaction as an experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation model.

The participation of adhesion molecules in systemic vascular injuries of the generalized Shwartzman reaction was studied. The generalized Shwartzman reaction was induced in mice by two consecutive injections of lipopolysaccharide. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was expressed on vascular endothelial cells, renal tubular cells and alveolar wall in generalized Shwartzman reaction-induced mice. The preparative injection of lipopolysaccharides induced ICAM-1 expression in those cells, and the provocative injection of lipopolysaccharides for the generalized Shwartzman reaction augmented it further. The simultaneous administration of anti-gamma interferon antibody with the preparative injection of lipopolysaccharides completely inhibited ICAM-1 expression on vascular endothelial cells. The injection of recombinant gamma interferon in replacement of lipopolysaccharides resulted in ICAM-1 expression. The administration of anti-ICAM-1 antibody together with the provocative injection of lipopolysaccharides significantly blocked the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in generalized Shwartzman reaction-induced mice. It was suggested that ICAM-1 expression on vascular endothelial cells might be involved in systemic vascular injuries of the generalized Shwartzman reaction, and that it might be regulated by gamma interferon.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Low-level release of Shiga-like toxin (verocytotoxin) and endotoxin from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli treated with imipenem.

Shiga-like toxin (SLT) and endotoxin may participate in the pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection. Levels of release of SLT and endotoxin from EHEC treated in vitro with antibiotics were estimated. There were differential levels of release of SLT and endotoxin from EHEC treated with different antibiotics. Treatment of EHEC strains, namely, E. coli O157, O111, and O26, with imipenem induced much lower levels of release of SLT and endotoxin than treatment with ceftazidime.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1997

Marked reduction of mouse peritoneal CD5+ B cells by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide.

Intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide to mice induced a marked reduction of CD5+ B cells in the peritoneal cavity. The reduction was not induced by intravenous, subcutaneous, or oral administration of lipopolysaccharide. The reduction continued for about 10 days after the injection, and the CD5+ B-cell count recovered to the normal state about 14 days after the injection. The reduction of peritoneal CD5+ B cells might be caused by apoptotic cell death. Injection of lipopolysaccharide did not result in production of antibody to lipopolysaccharide. On the other hand, intraperitoneal injection of heat-killed bacteria did not induce a reduction of peritoneal CD5+ B cells and elicited the definite production of antibody to lipopolysaccharide.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Two cases of renal hypouricemia with nephrolithiasis.

We treated two cases of renal hypouricemia with nephrolithiasis. The serum uric acid level of the first patient was 1.5 mg/dl, and the ratio of uric acid clearance to creatinine clearance (CUA/Ccr) was 75.7%. In the benzbromarone (BZB) suppression test, CUA/Ccr was increased from 60.4% to 130.0%, but was not decreased in response to the pyrazinamide (PZA) suppression test. This patient was considered to have a presecretory reabsorptive urate transportation defect. His condition was also associated with IgA nephropathy. The serum uric acid level in the second patient was 1.0 mg/dl and CUA/Ccr was 56.0%. Neither PZA nor BZB had a significant effect on CUA/Ccr. He was considered to have a subtotal uric acid transportation defect. Both patients were incidentally found to have nephrolithiasis. The second patient had abnormal maximum tubular secretory capacity for para-aminohippurate (PAH) (TmPAH), and was found to have two kinds of proximal tubular abnormalities related to uric acid and PAH.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Differential release of endotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with beta-lactam antibiotics and its effect on the lethal activity.

The relationship between the level of endotoxin released from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics and the lethal activity against D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-sensitized mice was examined. In vitro treatment of P. aeruginosa with imipenem (IPM) exclusively caused low-level release of free endotoxin, which was not lethal for D-GalN-sensitized mice. Treatment with other beta-lactam antibiotics, such as ceftazidime (CAZ), meropenem (MEPM) and cefozopran (CZOP) caused high-level release of free endotoxin and it exhibited the lethal action against D-GalN-sensitized mice. This study demonstrated close association of free endotoxin released by antibiotic treatment with the lethal activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Apoptotic cell death of vascular endothelial cells and renal tubular cells in the generalized Shwartzman reaction.

The participation of apoptotic cell in the generalized Shwartzman reaction was examined. The generalized Shwartzman reaction was induced in mice by two consecutive injections of lipopolysaccharide. Vascular endothelial cells in various organs of those mice were stained positively by the in situ specific labeling of fragmented DNA. Renal tubules were also stained focally. It was suggested that apoptotic cell death might participate in the development of vascular endothelial cell damage and acute tubular necrosis in the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Simultaneous administration of anti-gamma-interferon antibody in the preparative injection of lipopolysaccharide completely blocked apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. Priming with recombinant gamma-interferon instead of lipopolysaccharide could produce apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. It was suggested that gamma-interferon might play a critical role on sensitization of endothelial cells for apoptosis.

Animals↗