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Biomedical subjects

N Koide

Publications and source records attributed to N Koide.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Extended total gastrectomy for carcinoma of the cardia.

Eighty-five patients with gastric carcinoma developing at or involving the cardia were operated on under a newly established principle to prevent a cancer-positive proximal margin. The choice of operative procedure, standard total gastrectomy or extended total gastrectomy, was determined by the degree of proximal extension of carcinoma as confirmed by preoperative examinations. The cancer-positive rate was decreased in this manner to 1.2% from the 13.8% of the controls operated on before the principle was established. Extended total gastrectomy without sternotomy should be used more frequently than that with sternotomy because of the technical advantages. Survival rates of the 85 patients were 48.3% at three years and 30.4% at five years after the operation, and were not significantly different from the controls. As post-operative survival rate is influenced by factors other than transmural extension of the tumor, this study should prompt us to focus on the problem of the proximal surgical margin in surgery for carcinoma of the gastric cardia.

Cardia↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by transcatheter hepatic arterial injection of radioactive iodized oil solution.

After 12 days of culture, VX2 carcinoma cells were inoculated into the liver of 16 rabbits; 14 days later, 131I-labeled iodized oil ([131I]-Lp) suspended in lipiodol was injected into the hepatic artery. Selective accumulation of the contrast material in the tumor for an extended time was evident on X-rays and hepatic scintiphotographs. The antitumor effect was remarkable. [131I]-Lp agents warrant further examination for their clinical usefulness. Internal radiation therapy by transcatheter hepatic arterial injection of [131I]-Lp (group A) was evaluated in 9 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, tumor stage III or IV) associated with liver cirrhosis (LC) and compared with combination therapy of Lp-TAE (group B) in 18 patients with HCC (tumor stage III or IV) associated with LC. In group A, serum AFP levels dropped rapidly in eight of the nine patients who had an elevated initial level of more than 500 ng/ml. The average reduction in tumor size was 50% in eight cases as determined by computed tomography. Histological examination of one resected liver specimen at 3 months after the third injection of [131I]-Lp revealed microscopic features highly suggestive of a radiation effect in the [131I]-Lp-containing area. The 1-year survival value for patients with HCC was estimated at 49.0% using the Kaplan-Meier method. The survival of patients treated with internal radiation therapy tended to be better than that of those treated with Lp-TAE (P = 0.119).

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Soluble HLA class I antigens in sera of patients with chronic hepatitis.

Soluble HLA Class I antigens in sera (serum-HLA Class I, s-HLA Class I) of patients with chronic hepatitis (CH) were measured with an enzyme-linked double determinant immunoassay (E-DDIA). The mean titers of s-HLA Class I antigens of patients with CPH (mean +/- standard deviation, 2.22 +/- 1.60), CAH2A (2.24 +/- 1.65) or CAH2B (2.73 +/- 1.46) were significantly higher than that of normal subjects (0.36 +/- 0.27) (P less than 0.01). The titer of s-HLA Class I correlated significantly with the level of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (s-GPT) (r = 0.73), and weakly with serum level of beta 2-microglobulin (r = 0.43). In patients with chronic hepatitis type B (CH-B) treated with human lymphoblastoid interferon alpha (IFN-alpha), the titer of s-HLA Class I antigens increased. The increased level of s-HLA Class I antigens in the clinical course of chronic hepatitis may be caused by their release from necrotizing hepatocytes which have acquired the expression of HLA Class I antigens on the cell-surface membrane during viral infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Detection by western blotting of an antibody to the hepatitis C virus E1 envelope protein in sera of patients with chronic liver disease.

We detected an antibody to HCV envelope protein (E1) in sera of patients with HCV-related chronic liver diseases (20 patients with chronic hepatitis and 5 patients with liver cirrhosis) by Western blotting using the fusion protein of E1 envelope protein and beta-galactosidase as an antigen. The antibody to HCV E1 (anti-HCV E1) was detected in 8 (42%) of 19 patients positive for HCV-RNA (16 were positive and 3 were negative for antibody to C100-3) and in 1 (17%) of 6 patients negative for HCV-RNA but positive for antibody to C100-3. HCV-RNA was detected in 8 (89%) of 9 anti-HCV E1 positive sera. The value of alanine aminotransferase was significantly higher in patients positive for anti-HCV E1 than in patients negative for the antibody. Although an antibody to the envelope protein of HCV is suspected to be one of the candidates of virus-neutralizing antibodies, our results suggest this hypothesis appears to be unlikely.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Combination of epidermal growth factor and insulin is required for multicellular spheroid formation of rat hepatocytes in primary culture.

We showed that the combination of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin is an essential supplement to Williams' #E medium for the formation of floating multicellular spheroids in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. Isolated hepatocytes assembled to form floating multicellular spheroids within 96 h through transient assembly of monolayer islands within the initial 24 h in dishes coated with liver-derived proteoglycans. However, the assembly of multicellular spheroids was severely suppressed in the absence of either EGF or insulin. The reduction of spheroid assembly was correlated with decreased attachment and subsequent decreased formation of monolayer islands within 24 h. The minimum amounts of EGF and insulin required for the formation of floating spheroids were 1 ng/ml and 0.4 microgram/ml, respectively. These results suggest that the enhancement of hepatocyte attachment provided by the combination of EGF and insulin during the early phase of culture is required for the formation of floating spheroids.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment of liver metastases from gastric cancer].

Nine patients with liver metastases from gastric cancer were treated in our department since 1986. Hepatectomy was performed in 3 cases and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed in 6 cases. In 3 patients in whom hepatectomy was performed, the extent of liver metastases showed 2 H1 and 1 H2. One has survived for 20 months, but the other 2 died after 5 and 7 months, respectively. In 6 patients in whom hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed, the extent of liver metastases was H3. These patients were treated with 5-FU.EPIR.MMC (3 cases), CDDP.MMC (1 case), MMC only (1 case) and 5-FU.ADM.MMC.CDDP (1 case). This treatment revealed a 50% response rate (CR 1, PR 2). The patient with CR has survived for 6 years and 2 patients with PR died after 8 and 12 months. The patient with CR showed high AFP level (55, 480 ng/ml), and 2 patients with PR showed high AFP level (24, 327 ng/ml) or high CEA level (3,903 ng/ml). The prognosis of hepatectomy for liver metastases from gastric cancer was not so good. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy seemed to be a useful treatment for liver metastases from gastric cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

High albumin production by multicellular spheroids of adult rat hepatocytes formed in the pores of polyurethane foam.

Adult rat hepatocytes formed spherical multicellular aggregates (spheroids) when they were cultured in the pores of polyurethane foam (PUF). The diameter of the spheroids was within the range 100-200 microns. These spheroids partly attached and immobilized in the PUF pores for at least 2 weeks. The albumin production rate by the spheroids increased up to 17.0 micrograms/10(6) nuclei per day during the first 6 days and maintained at a high level for 2 weeks. In contrast, the albumin production rate by the monolayer markedly decreased after 3 days. The spheroid culture using PUF seems to be a convenient and simple method for maintaining some differentiated functions of hepatocytes and for making a bioreactor using the function of spheroids.

Albumins↗
PubMed1991

Promotion of spheroid assembly of adult rat hepatocytes by some factor(s) present in the initial 6-hour conditioned medium of the primary culture.

Adult rat hepatocytes are capable of assembling to form floating multicellular spheroids (spheroids) in a dish with a positively charged surface in primary culture. In this report we show that the conditioned medium of the early time period of the culture exhibited biologically defined activity that promoted the assembly of isolated hepatocytes to floating spheroid. This activity was present only in the initial 6-hour conditioned medium; it was highest in the initial 2 h of culture and gradually decreased over 6 h and was not detected thereafter for 7 days. The conditioned medium appeared to inhibit the disintegration of spheroids that occurred during transfer to a new positively charged dish in the presence of either new or conditioned medium collected after day 4. Furthermore, disintegrated spheroids again assembled to form floating spheroid in the presence of the conditioned medium. Since the activity present in the conditioned medium was linearly dose-responsive to the inoculated viable cell number but not to that of dead cells, some factors responsible for the activity were probably produced by the viable cells during only a short time in culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Sequence variations in the envelope protein of the hepatitis C virus: comparison with partial cDNA sequence of a new variant virus obtained by the polymerase chain reaction.

It has been reported that the envelope region located at the 3' portion of the structural protein coding region is one of the most variable regions at both nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. We cloned HCV cDNA fragments of an envelope protein coding region (HCVNK), which were derived from serum of a Japanese patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. After determining the nucleotide sequence, deduced amino acid sequence of the envelope protein region was compared with those of six HCV strains already published (HCJ1, HCVUS, HCJ4, HCVJH, HCVJ and HCVBK). Homology analysis among the strains revealed that the seven strains were classified into two subtypes; a US subtype (HCJ1 and HCVUS) and a Japanese subtype (HCJ4, HCVJH, HCVJ, HCVBK and HCVNK), since percentage homologies between two subtypes (70.3-77.3%) were significantly lower than those within each subtype (83.9-93.5%). Detailed analysis of the amino acid sequences also indicates that the region at aa246-aa258, tentatively named intersubtype variable region-1, may distinguish the US subtype from the Japanese subtype.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Encapsulated multicellular spheroids of rat hepatocytes produce albumin and urea in a spouted bed circulating culture system.

Multicellular spheroids are spherical cell-aggregates that retain tridimensional architecture and tissue-specific functions. For use of multicellular spheroids of hepatocytes in a bioreactor for hybrid artificial liver support, we studied the effect of encapsulation and circulating culture on their integrity and tissue-specific functions. Multicellular spheroids of rat hepatocytes were encapsulated into microdroplets of calcium alginate gel and were used as a bioreactor in medium circulating in a spouted bed chamber. Approximately 10% of the hepatocytes of an adult rat were entrapped in a bioreactor chamber, connected to a gas exchanger and a medium reservoir. The total bed volume of the system was 250 ml. The pH and DO2 of the hormonally defined circulating medium was maintained constantly. Albumin and urea were produced in a linear fashion for 64 h at the rates of 0.02 micrograms/microgram cell protein/day and 0.15-0.2 ng/micrograms cell protein/day, respectively. Viability and structural stability of the spheroids were well preserved after the culture period. These results indicate that these encapsulated multicellular hepatocyte spheroids will provide a useful bioreactor for the continuous production of albumin, in vitro and also a prototype hybrid artificial liver support.

Albumins↗
PubMed1990

Formation of multicellular spheroids composed of adult rat hepatocytes in dishes with positively charged surfaces and under other nonadherent environments.

Adult rat hepatocytes formed floating multicellular spheroids in primary culture in an uncoated plastic dish with a positively charged surface. Cells in the spheroids formed in such a simple way were similar to those formed in dishes coated with proteoglycan fraction isolated from rat liver reticulin fibers; in both cases, cells maintained high ability to produce albumin and poor ability to proliferate in response to epidermal growth factor. Coating dishes with albumin was also helpful in spheroid formation; coating with 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate resulted in formation of incomplete spheroids. Elimination of serum factors was essential for the formation of spheroids; when cells were washed with serum-containing medium before seeding or if the medium was replaced with a serum-containing medium, spheroid formation was completely inhibited. Collagens, fibronectin, and laminin, all of which promote the adhesion and spreading of hepatocytes on substrates, inhibited spheroid formation. Furthermore, collagens disintegrated spheroids, and cells in the monolayer initiated proliferation. Thus, two distinct, mutually exclusive features of primary culture of adult hepatocytes apparently exist; monolayer culture with proliferative activity in an adherent environment and spheroid culture with poor proliferative activity and high albumin-producing ability in a nonadherent environment.

Albumins↗
PubMed1990

[Nocturnal hypoxia and treatment in the patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy].

Overnight monitoring using pulse oximeter was performed on 10 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mean age, 22; mean %FVC, 26.6%; mean PaCO2, 54.1 Torr; mean PaO2 76.6 Torr). At the same time, spinal deformity and obesity were examined. In 4 patients, the measurement of the chest and abdominal wall movements were performed by using a respisomnograph. In 5 patients, nocturnal desaturation below 95% occurred despite normal daylight blood gas tension. In the other 5 patients with hypercapnea of over 50 Torr, nocturnal desaturation below 85% occurred, and 3 patients required oxygen supplementation treatment using a low concentration of oxygen. In 4 patients with hypercapnea over 50 Torr, cuirass-assisted respirators were used and they prevented mild nocturnal desaturation, but did not have much effect on severe nocturnal desaturation. Nocturnal desaturation was associated not only with hypopnea and hypoventilation, but with normal chest and abdominal wall movement using cuirass-assisted respirators. It seemed that desaturation with normal respiratory pattern can be attributed to ventilation-perfusion mismatching. The severity of the desaturation did not always correlate to the spinal deformity and the obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Continued high albumin production by multicellular spheroids of adult rat hepatocytes formed in the presence of liver-derived proteoglycans.

Adult rat hepatocytes formed floating multicellular spheroids, when they were cultured with proteoglycan fraction isolated from rat liver reticulin fibers. Cells in the spheroid showed only low growth activity. Albumin production by the spheroids increased up to 1.5 micrograms/micrograms DNA/day (180 micrograms/mg Protein/day) during the first 6 days and remained constant thereafter. In contrast, the albumin production by the monolayer markedly decreased after 4 days. The spheroid culture appears to be more suitable than the monolayer in studying differentiated functions of adult hepatocytes.

Albumins↗
PubMed1989

Altered glycosylation of serum transferrin of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

The sugar chains of transferrin samples, purified from sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and of healthy individuals, were released quantitatively as radioactive oligosaccharides by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and NaB3H4 reduction. Comparative study of their structure by serial lectin column chromatography, by Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography, and by sequential exoglycosidase digestion revealed that prominently altered glycosylation is commonly found in the hepatoma transferrins, although they all contain two complex-type asparagine-linked sugar chains in one molecule like in the case of normal transferrins. The alteration is quite various, including the increase of highly branched sugar chains, of those with the Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc beta 1----and the Neu5Ac alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----groups in their outer chain moieties and of those with a fucosylated trimannosyl core. Many but not all of the hepatoma transferrin samples contained a small amount of a bisected biantennary sugar chain, which was not detected in the normal transferrin samples.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗