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Biomedical subjects

N Lambert-Zechovsky

Publications and source records attributed to N Lambert-Zechovsky.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Bacteriological study in acute otitis media].

A retrospective study was conducted of 587 bacteriological samples collected from 387 children with acute otitis media treated as outpatients over a period of 30 months, to determine relative frequency of the causative germs and their resistance to antibiotics. The most frequently involved bacteria were staphylococci (16 p.cent) of which 70 p.cent were Staph. Epidermidis, and Haemophilus (17 p.cent), résistance to ampicillin being present in 19 p.cent. These results, which differ from those in the published literature, suggest that paracentesis with systematic bacteriological typing is the treatment of choice in acute otitis media.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

[Effects of cefotaxime on the intestinal bacterial ecosystem in children (author's transl)].

Cefotaxime activity was studied in pediatric practice on the intestinal bacteria flora of 10 children, by means of a differential quantitative method for aerobic and anaerobic faecal flora and was compared to that of 41 controls not receiving any antibiotics. Cefotaxime was given alone in 7 children, and in combination with gentamicin in 3. An effect on the intestinal bacterial flora was noted on E. coli, which disappeared in 4 cases and diminished considerably in 5. A slight increase in Streptococcus D was observed without excessive multiplication of the flora. The study showed no significant alteration for the other aerobic or anaerobic bacilli. There was no selection of resistant organisms. Cefotaxime is a new cephalosporin which does not seem to produce an increase in many resistant pathogens due to a break-down of the barrier effect observed on the bacterial flora of the gut in children.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1981

[Cefotaxime and Gram-negative infections in children. Effectiveness and tolerance (author's transl)].

Twenty-six children, aged from 15 days to 14 years, were treated with cefotaxime. 5 were suffering from septicaemia, 14 from respiratory tract infection and were ventilated (intensive care unit), 4 from urinary tract infection and 3 from otitis media complicated with renal failure (nephrology unit). The choice of cefotaxime treatment was based upon the bacterial activity. The daily dose was 50 to 100 mg/kg by the i.m. route, or by slow intravenous injection every 8 hours. In 17 patients, cefotaxime was combined with an aminoglycoside (gentamicin or amikacin). The results were evaluated on the basis of clinical, radiological and bacteriological criteria and, whenever possible, were correlated to the serum levels of antibiotic. The antibiotic was clinically effective in 25 out of 26 patients. The three deaths that occurred, were due to the nature of the initial disease. Tolerance was good in all the patients studied. The efficacy of cefotaxime correlated well with the favorable in vitro bacteriological results and with serum concentrations. Cefotaxime is well tolerated as shown in newborn babies. Cefotaxime is markedly different from previous cephalosporins, because of its high antibacterial activity on most Gram-negative bacilli.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The child's intestinal ecosystem: effect of colistin (author's transl)].

A differential quantitative study of the fecal flora was used to appreciated the intestinal bacterial flora of 41 hospitalized children, with no infection and receiving no antibiotic treatment. Thus, it was possible to establish the bacterial normal profile of intestinal of hospitalized child. Because of the stability of the fecal flora in those controls, it was possible to study the effect of colistin on the intestinal ecosystem, in 21 children. Colistin per os, with intestinal nutrition and colistin IM in combination with gentamicin IM did not have any quantitative or qualitative effect on fecal flora. Colistin per os, with exclusive parenteral nutrition caused by disappearance of sensitive strains and their replacement by resistant organisms; this was followed by secondary septicaemia. This fact being a very high infectious risk, it leads us to abstain from administering colistin per os, when the intestine does not receive any food.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

[Study of transplacental transmission of beta-lactam antibiotics (author's transl)].

The authors present the results of the study of transplacental transfer of 3 recent beta lactam antibiotics: amoxicillin, cephradin and cefoxitin. The experiment was carried out in 37 pregnant women who had a premature rupture of membranes or who were undergoing a cesarean section. In these patients antibiotherapy was indicated in view of a possible superinfection. The results of the study show a worthwhile transplacental penetration of the 3 drugs tested. The concentrations achieved in umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid increase with time and finally exceed the levels measured in maternal blood, after a period of time varying from 2 to 4 hours according to the drug and the route of administration.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

[The infectious risk in neonatal surgery : an evaluation of frequency and consequences from a study of 300 cases (author's transl)].

This study is an evaluation of the infectious risk related to neonatal surgery in 300 patients between 1968 and 1978, and its consequences to mortality and morbidity. Bacteriological species, circumstances, chronology of infection, related to each type of surgical pathology prove the endogenous way of contamination to be usual and predominant. When intestinal obstruction occurs, the risk of hematogenous diffusion is directly dependent from local stasis and bacterial pullulation which can be evaulated with duodenal, jejunal or fecal samples. Both mechanical factors and antibiotictherapy can induce qualitative and quantitative changes in bacterial flora of the bowel, and then increase the incidence of endogenous septicemia.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Pharmacokinetic study of antibiotics in human respiratory tract (author's transl)].

We report the results of the study of the bronchial concentrations of several antibiotics. The experiment included 280 patients and the concentrations achieved in bronchial secretions were measured for 11 antibiotics. The samples of bronchial secretions were taken in situ by fibroscopy or through the tracheostomy cannula. The results of the study show that the rate of penetration is variable according to the different drugs; even in the same antibiotic family such as beta-lactam antibiotics the rate of penetration is variable. The bronchial levels of aminoglycosides, macrolides and tetracyclines are worthwhile, and are often superior to the MIC of the infecting organisms; the penetration is also dependant of the inflammatory conditions of the bronchi. Otherwise the sampling conditions were the best possible since samples taken by fibroscopy or by tracheostomy are not contaminated by saliva which is a factor of dilutional error. The methodology used in this study is an approach of pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in respiratory tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Antibiotic therapy, intestinal microbial pullulation and risk of infection in children].

The effect of antibiotic therapy on the intestinal flora was studied qualitatively and quantitatively in 41 infants. The results have been compared with 27 normal children of the same age and background. Antibiotics were responsible for the suppression of sensitive strains and for their replacement by resistant organisms but above all to a rapid multiplication of the intestinal flora. Colistin and pristinamycin caused these changes when given orally. Ampicillin when given both orally and parenterally but Colistin and the aminoglycosides when given parenterally did not have any effect. Fourteen cases of secondary septicaemia due to resistant organisms were observed but other factors were also important, namely the young age of the patients and intestinal problems (stasis and diarrhoea).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

[Current flora of mandibular osteomyelitis].

1) Blood-borne osteomyelitis may have a dental portal of entry. This results in a bacteraemia or septicaemia due to organisms other than staphylococci. In such cases, osseous lesions occur at a distance from the initial dental site. 2) As far as antibiotic treatment is concerned:--It must be begun early but not prematurely, i.e. bacteriological studies should be undertaken before antibotic therapy is started, possibly to be later changed in the light of laboratory results.--It should be combined, with a preference for two antibiotics which result in a bactericidal combination, as soon as the responsible organism is identified.--It should be given in high dosage, in view of the problem of diffusion of the antibiotic to the centre of the necrotic bone lesion.--It should be prolonged, based upon clinical, laboratory and radiological findings.

Bacteria↗