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Biomedical subjects

N M Gracheva

Publications and source records attributed to N M Gracheva.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Principles of constructing synbiotic preparations, and evaluation of their clinical effectiveness].

The problem of constructing means of correction of gastrointestinal microflora is utterly important. The most promising direction here seems to be construction of synbiotics containing a multiprobiotic complex of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, modeling the microbiocenosis of a certain age group, inulin, as a prebiotic factor and a vitamin and mineral complex. The aim of the study was to evaluate the biologically active food supplement "Normospectrum" vs. the commercial preparation "Bifidumbacterin", its ability to correct the intestinal microflora and the functional condition of the gastrointestinal tract in children. "Normospectrum" was well tolerated, favored regression of the main clinical manifestations, and had positive effect on the intestinal microbiocenosis, increasing the proportion of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and escherichiae with full enzymatic activity, and lowering the proportion of conditionally pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the intestinal tract. The effects of "Normospectrum" on the functional disturbances of the gastrointestinal tract and the intestinal microflora were much more profound than those of "Bifidumbacterin". Good tolerance and positive effects of the new probiotic preparation "Normospectrum" on the intestinal microbiosis allows recommending it for broad clinical application in children when correction of dysbiotic shifts in the intestinal microflora is necessary.

Biological Products↗
PubMed2005

[Dysbiotic conditions and their management].

The authors present data concerning the role of normal intestinal microflora as a non-specific resistance factor. They systematize the notion of intestinal dysbacteriosis as a clinicolaboratory syndrome, observed in patients with various gastrointestinal pathology, adduce the characteristics of the preparations of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, and discuss the mechanisms of their action, as well as their efficacy in the management and prevention of microecological disturbances of the intestinal tract. It is recommended that probiotic preparations are administered according to the principle of microecological adequacy, taking into account the condition of the microflora, as well as the phase, stage, and character of the underlying disease. Some preparations should be used for preventive, others--for therapeutic purposes. The authors stress that antibioticotherapy is indicated only in cases of clinically severe infectious process; such therapy should be followed by reestablishment of the normal microflora with proper probiotic preparations.

Gastrointestinal Diseases↗
PubMed1999

[Treatment efficacy in acute intestinal infections, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and viral hepatitis B using large doses of Russian Bifidumbacterin-forte].

Until now viral and bacterial acute intestinal infections have a high percent in the whole structure of modern intestinal disorders morbidity. Taking into consideration inefficacy of antibacterial treatment in a number of cases, probiotics with antagonist effect on a wide range of bacteria have found a wide usage. This study proves clinic and morphological efficacy of large doses Bifidumbacterinum forte for the treatment of the diseases mentioned. The patients of the test group demonstrated a relation dyspeptic disturbances, improvement of total state in a shorter period than the patients of control group.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Chemotherapy of Campylobacter infections].

A total of 600 patients with suspected alimentary food poisoning were hospitalized. The ++clinico-laboratory findings showed that 27 (4.5 per cent) of them had Campylobacter infection. The cultures of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were isolated from 24 and 3 patients, respectively. The patients underwent complex pathogenetic treatment with oral rehydration saline solutions, symptomatic agents, enzymatic preparations and diet (the basic therapy) supplemented with biological bacterial preparations in less severe cases (8 patients). Antibacterial drugs such as furazolidone (roxytromycin), gentamicin and levomycetin, as well as fluoroquinolones such as ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were additionally used in the treatment of both the patients with the generalized infection and those with more severe processes of the disease, pronounced diarrhea with blood traces and persisting isolation of Campylobacter (12 patients). The most favourable results in the treatment of more severe patients with Campylobacter infection were obtained with the fluoroquinolones used after inadequately efficient therapy with furazolidone or antibiotics especially in the cases with repeated isolation of campylobacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Augmentin in the clinical picture of infectious diseases].

Augmentin is a new combination manufactured by Smith Kline Beecham (Great Britain). It is composed of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid and has antibacterial activity. Augmentin was used in clinical trials in the therapy of 50 adult patients with suppurations after surgical operations on the organs of the abdominal cavity, general staphylococcal infections, pneumonia and prophylactically during the preoperative period. It was also used in the treatment of 30 children patients with bronchopulmonary affections and inflammatory otorhinolaryngological diseases. The clinical trials were performed in the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of the N. G. Gabrichevskiĭ Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. For comparison ampicillin was used in the trials. Augmentin was shown to be an efficient formulation with antibacterial activity which could be successfully used in the parenteral therapy of severe affections due to organisms sensitive to it. In the treatment of the children patients with pneumonia augmentin by its therapeutic efficacy proved to be superior to ampicillin. The tolerance of augmentin was good.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the large-intestinal mucosa in Campylobacter infections].

Twenty-two biopsy specimens of colon mucosa were obtained from 16 patients with gastrointestinal campylobacteriosis histologically, histochemically and morphometrically. At the height of the disease colon mucosa of these patients showed a morphological picture of acute hemorrhagic and erosive--hemorrhagic colitis. When compared with such for other intestinal infections (shigellosis, salmonellosis, rotaviral gastroenteritis), the morphological features appeared to vary permitting a differential diagnosis with acute colitis due to above infections, but objective criteria to differentiate campylobacter-induced colitis from colitis in aggravation of nonspecific ulcerative one and Crohn's disease still remains to be found.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Patho-anatomic changes in rotaviral gastroenteritis in children].

Two children (a 6-month-old girl and a 9-month boy) died from Rotavirus gastroenteritis as evidenced by virological, electron microscopic, and immune fluorescence studies of intestinal tissue. Histological and morphometric examinations of the small intestine revealed acute diffuse enteritis with enlarged and shortened villi, infiltration of intrinsic plates with lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages, enhanced mitotic activity of epitheliocytes and their increased lymphocyte-induced infiltration. The hepatic tissue showed central lobular fatty infiltration. The above changes should be regarded as manifestations of Rotavirus infection. Pneumonia detected in one of the children had been caused by influenza infection.

Gastroenteritis↗
PubMed1985

[Ribosomal dysentery vaccine. Study of response and antigenic activity in healthy volunteers].

In earlier studies Shigella sonnei ribosomal vaccine was shown to be highly protective for guinea pigs and monkeys. The object of the present study, carried out in 20 healthy volunteers, was the safety and the antigenic activity of this vaccine. The subcutaneous injection of the ribosomal vaccine in doses of 100 micrograms and 200 micrograms produced no febrile reactions nor biochemical and histological changes. The minimal local reaction was observed after injection into the subscapular region: in this case 200 micrograms of the vaccine produced neither severe, nor moderate reactions. A single injection of this dose led to a more than 4-fold rise in the levels of total and cysteine-resistant O-antibodies, as well as to the prolonged elevation of the complement level in the serum.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Modern antibiotics in the clinical picture of infectious diseases].

The number of various chemotherapeutics including antibiotics used in combined treatment of patients with various infectious diseases is rather significant. Recently some new valuable drugs have been recommended. Still, in spite of definite achievements in treatment of patients with infectious diseases there are some difficulties and problems mainly connected with therapy of patients with sepsis, chronic typhoid fever bacterial carriers and some other patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗