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Biomedical subjects

N Scheiermann

Publications and source records attributed to N Scheiermann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Intravenous vs. oral iron supplementation during autologous blood donation.

Prior to hip replacement surgery, 197 patients (123 women, 74 men, age 18-86 years) donated up to 4 units of blood once weekly if their hemoglobin concentrations exceeded 11.5 g/dl. They received an oral (200 mg iron sulfate daily) or intravenous (200 mg iron saccharate or 125 mg iron gluconate in 500 ml 0.9% NaCl weekly) iron replacement. Correlating the number of donated blood units with the form of iron substitution, no effect of i.v. iron was seen in men. Women who received i.v. iron substitution were able to donate 4 units of blood more often than with oral iron.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Accelerated Schedule for Hepatitis B Immunization.

Background: A considerable number of people remain unprotected against hepatitis B. These people may require immunization at short notice before being exposed to situations or locations where a risk of infection is present. Currently, full active immunization against hepatitis B, when administered according to recommended schedules, takes 2-6 months. This open, randomized multicentric study evaluated the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in adults when it was administered according to three different rapid vaccination schedules. Methods: Five hundred and twenty four healthy adults (aged 18-59 years) were randomly divided into three groups. Hepatitis B vaccine was given intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle at months 0, 1, and 2 (group A); weeks 0, 14, and 28 (group B); and weeks 0, 7, and 21 (group C). Symptoms were recorded by the subjects on individual diary cards. AntiHBs were measured using radioimmunoassay (Ausab-Abbott); a seroprotective titer was defined as 10 IU/L. Results: At day 28, no significant difference in seroprotection rates (SPRs) i.e., seroconversion >= 10 IU/L,was observed, between groups B (55.6%) and C (65.2%), but both these groups had significantly greater SPRs than group A (15.0%). Although not significant (p=.07), groups B and C also had higher SPRs than group A (78.5% and 76.4% versus 65%) at day 56. One month after completing the three dose schedules, the SPRs were as follows: 89.0% (group A); 78.5% (group B); and 76.4% (group C), increasing to > 94% at month 7 to 8 in all three groups. The SPRs at month 13 were 95.8%, 98.9%, and 98.6%, respectively. Among the three groups, no significant differences were observed from month 2 onwards in either SPRs or geometric mean titers. In groups A, B, and C, 3.7%, 5.0%, and 7.1% of the vaccine injections were associated with local symptoms. Also 8.3%, 6.2%, and 6.3% of subjects exhibited general symptoms following each vaccine dose; all symptoms were transient and resolved spontaneously. Conclusions: This recombinant hepatitis B vaccine administered at weeks 0, 7, 21, or at weeks 0, 14, 28, rapidly elicits high rates of seroprotection, which persist at least until month 12.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Quantification of hepatitis B vaccine-induced antibodies as a predictor of anti-HBs persistence.

Hepatitis B vaccine-induced antibodies (anti-HBs) were quantified in 35 subjects (study group) and in an additional 24-59 subjects (controls) during a period of 82 months after vaccination against hepatitis B and the values used as a basis to develop a logarithmic formula to describe the post-booster antibody kinetics. The actual anti-HBs titres are shown to be proportional to the peak titre one month post-booster but inversely proportional to the number of months between the time of booster and of retesting. Using this model and an anti-HBs quantification more than a month post-booster, the individual persistence of vaccine-induced anti-HBs antibodies can be calculated.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Hepatitis B vaccination of blood donors--a cost-benefit analysis.

In an analysis comparing the costs of hepatitis B vaccination for blood donors versus the preventable expenses for post-transfusion hepatitis B (PTH-B), the price of a vaccine dose, the duration of protection, the number of components transfused per blood donation, the incidence of symptomatic PTH-B, and the costs induced by the different courses of hepatitis B infection are included as relevant factors. It is concluded that universal hepatitis B immunization of blood donors is desirable to ensure a safer blood supply and is already today cost-effective for repeat donors.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1993

Anti-HBs antibody kinetics--a 4-year follow-up after hepatitis B vaccination.

To describe anti-HBs kinetics after hepatitis B vaccination, a logarithmic function was established using anti-HBs determinations in sera drawn from 97 to 147 vaccinees at 5 times during a 4 year follow-up period. A comparison with 2 published mathematical models showed that the logarithmic formula was less complex, and computed values correlated better with real anti-HBs titres.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Kinetics of anti-HBs after hepatitis B vaccination: a comparison of two recombinant and one plasma-derived vaccines.

Geometric mean titers were determined for three groups of medical students who had been vaccinated against hepatitis B with two different yeast-derived recombinant vaccines and one plasma-derived vaccine. The antibody kinetics for the three groups were similar over a period of 4 years. A formula for prediction of titers from the post-booster anti-HBs concentration is provided.

Hepatitis B↗
PubMed1992

Immunogenicity, reactogenicity and consistency of a new, inactivated hepatitis A vaccine--a randomized multicentre study with three consecutive vaccine lots.

We investigated immunogenicity, reactogenicity and consistency of three consecutive lots of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in 204 seronegative volunteers. Each volunteer received a total of three doses of vaccine (720 EIU) according to a 0, 1 month primary vaccination schedule with a booster dose given at month 6. Mild, moderate and mostly local side effects were reported in 49.7% after the first and in less than 30% after the third injection. Seroconversion rate after one vaccine dose was as high as 91%. All subjects but one had already seroconverted by 1 month after the second injection, corresponding to a seroconversion rate of 99%. The geometric mean titres (GMT) increased with each dose of vaccine administered. Our results show that this inactivated hepatitis A vaccine is highly immunogenic, safe and well tolerated. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the three vaccine lots in respect to seroconversion rate, size of antibody titre or reactogenicity.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1992

Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of three different lots of a hepatitis A vaccine.

To study the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, 204 healthy individuals were randomized into three equal groups, each to receive a different vaccine lot. Each subject received a total of three doses, each of 720 ELISA units of hepatitis A vaccine HM175, according to a 0 and 1 month primary vaccination schedule, with a booster dose given at month 6. Side effects were low and were < 30% after the second injection. All subjects but one had antibodies to hepatitis A virus two months after the first dose of vaccine. At month 6 all vaccinees had seroconverted. There were no differences between the three vaccine lots with respect to side effects, seroconversion rates and geometric mean titre of antibodies. We conclude that the three lots of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine are safe, well tolerated and equally immunogenic.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Enumeration of T, B and natural killer peripheral blood cells of patients with multiple sclerosis and controls.

The median percentages of peripheral blood immunoglobulin-positive (Ig+) lymphocytes (8%, n = 46), CD8+ (12%, n = 49) and CD57+ cell numbers (5%, n = 37) of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than the values of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (Ig+ cells: 13%, n = 46; CD8+ cells: 17%, n = 49; CD57+ cells: 9%, n = 37). Comparison of calculations on decreased peripheral blood cell counts and increased brain cell counts in MS patients revealed that sequestration of blood cells into the MS brain is a possible explanation of these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Alterations of the immune system following splenectomy in childhood.

After splenectomy due to blunt abdominal trauma, splenectomized children showed a restricted pattern of T-cell immunodeficiency compared to age and sex-matched normal children. Peripheral blood total (CD3) T-cell counts of 11 splenectomized children of 43%, double positive helper (CD4) inducer subpopulation (CD29) cell counts of nine splenectomized children of 7%, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced T-cell proliferation of 11 splenectomized children of 53,206 c.p.m. were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than values of normal children (61% CD3 cells, n = 12; 13% CD4CD29 cells, n = 11; 107,832 c.p.m. PHA-induced proliferation, n = 12). The deficit of CD4CD29 cell numbers may be due to impaired maturation of these particular CD4 lymphocytes and may explain diminished PHA-induced proliferation in small children. The significantly higher B-lymphocyte counts of splenectomized children (21%, n = 11; 558 cells/mm3, n = 10) compared with 12 normal children (14%; 329 cells/mm3) may be due to loss of the reservoir function of the spleen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Persistence of antibodies after immunization with a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine following two different schedules.

Four years after vaccination of healthy adults with either a recombinant yeast-derived (YDV) or plasma-derived (PDV) hepatitis B vaccine, the persistence of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was examined. Subjects received three 20 micrograms doses in the deltoid region according to either a 0, 1, 6 month or 0, 1, 2 month vaccination schedule, with a 20 micrograms booster dose of YDV administered at month 12 for subjects on the second schedule. The recombinant vaccine was found to be immunologically comparable to the PDV, with anti-HBs persisting equally in both groups.

Hepatitis B Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

The immunomodulatory potency of cimetidine in healthy volunteers.

The effect of cimetidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, was investigated in 12 healthy volunteers over a period of six weeks. Cimetidine was administered orally in a daily doses of 1,600 mg during the first three weeks of evaluation. Significant alterations in values of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA), complement (C3), B-lymphocytes and T-helper cell counts were found after cimetidine intake. The in vitro lymphocyte proliferation response to plant mitogens was increased. In contrast to results obtained from a previous study with healthy volunteers who were given 800 mg cimetidine, we found no significant increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio and no decrease in the CD8 but a significant increase in the CD4 cell count. Whereas the peripheral blood immune system showed signs of immune system activation following 800 and 1,600 mg cimetidine intake, reactivity patterns of skin immune system, however, differed in both studies. The data suggests that cimetidine has a dose and time dependent effect on the immune system.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

Intrathecal production of HIV antibodies in suspected AIDS encephalopathy.

Thirty-one serum and CSF samples from 21 HIV-antibody-positive patients with neurological deficits were examined to prove or exclude intrathecal production of HIV antibodies. By dilution, sera were adjusted to the IgG concentration of the corresponding CSF samples. Both samples were then serially diluted in log2 steps down to the detection limit and were tested in an anti-HIV ELISA. From the dilution obtained at the cut-off level, a quotient QHIV was derived as an indicator of intrathecal production of HIV antibodies. Six of a total of eight samples with a QHIV value of greater than or equal to 2 were correlated which the clinical diagnosis of AIDS-related dementia complex (ARDC). However, a QHIV less than 1 did not exclude the development of ARDC, as was shown during follow-up in one case. Different methods are compared for the determination of intrathecal production of IgG and anti-HIV. A quotient QHIV greater than or equal to 2 is suggested to be highly indicative of intrathecal production of anti-HIV as well as of the development of ARDC.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Immunomodulatory properties of cimetidine in ARC patients.

The immunomodulatory potency of cimetidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, was investigated in 33 AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients performing detailed immunological and clinical evaluations. Cimetidine was administered orally in daily doses of 1200 mg for a period of 5 months with an interruption of therapy after the first 3 months for an interval of 3 weeks. Significant (P less than 0.05) elevations of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA), complement C4, B-lymphocytes, and OKT4+ (helper/inducer) cells were found after cimetidine intake. The in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response to plant mitogens was significantly increased, and the in vivo cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction assessed by intradermal application of seven recall antigens improved significantly. These effects were both reversible with the discontinuation of cimetidine and reproducible with repeated administration of the drug. Clinical data such as performance status, body weight, and fever were influenced favorably (P less than 0.05) by cimetidine. The frequency of diarrhea and the lymph node size were also diminished significantly. The data suggest that cimetidine may at least partially restore immunofunctions in AIDS-related complex.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

Persistence of antibodies following vaccination with a yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.

The persistence of anti-HBs antibodies elicited in response to vaccination with a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine was examined. Three years after vaccination following two different schedules (0, 1, 6 months and 0, 1, 2, 12 months), anti-HBs antibody titres obtained after vaccination with the yeast-derived vaccine were similar to those observed using a plasma-derived vaccine. At this time, nearly 100% of all vaccinees had anti-HBs antibody titres over the protective limit of 10 mIU ml-1. These results suggest that the yeast-derived vaccine will confer protection against hepatitis B infection for about the same length of time as the plasma-derived vaccine.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a new recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine.

Under randomized double-blind conditions, 220 medical students were vaccinated with either a 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 micrograms dose of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B or a 20 micrograms dose of a plasma-derived vaccine. Vaccines were administered at months 0, 1, and 2. After 11 months, all vaccinees received a 20 micrograms booster dose of the recombinant vaccine. There were no significant differences in adverse reactions between the study groups. Induction of IgE antibodies to yeast was not observed. One month after the third vaccination, seroconversion rates reached 100% in all vaccines. Mean anti-HBs levels varied between 150 and 1470 IU/l after 3 vaccinations, with the lowest dose resulting in the lowest titres. Following the booster vaccination, dose-dependent effects were no longer observed. Anti-HBs concentrations were reanalyzed 29 and 36 months after the study had started. The data indicate that the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine is safe and immunogenic for use in man and comparable to the plasma-derived vaccine in terms of safety and efficacy.

Antibodies, Fungal↗