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Biomedical subjects

N Scheiermann

Publications and source records attributed to N Scheiermann.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Uptake and elimination of hepatitis B immunoglobulins after intramuscular application in man.

Hepatitis B immunoglobulins of 4 different manufacturers were administered intramuscularly into 37 healthy adults. Each person received an amount of 0.1 ml per kg bodyweight. Blood samples were taken on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 63, 98 and 126 after passive immunization. The anti-HBs serum levels were determined using the International Reference Preparation of anti-HBs as standard reagent. The highest serum levels were seen on day 3 (38.9% of the test persons), day 7 (41.7%), day 14 (11.1%), and day 21 (8.3%) after application of the immunoglobulins with mean values between 138 and 355 mU anti-HBs/ml. The half-life of the preparations in man showed mean values between 17.5 and 25 days. The shortest half-life was 5.9 and the longest 35 days. Four months after passive immunization the anti-HBs levels had decreased to a percentage of 1.2 to 2.5 of the maximum serum concentration (1.7 to 8.9 mU anti-HBs/ml). The passive immunization via the intramuscular route does not accomplish an instantaneously available, maximum anti-HBs titer. There seems to be a great range of variation in uptake and elimination of the immunoglobulins in man. Still, since preparations for intravenous application are not at hand, hepatitis B immunoglobulins for intramuscular use must play a major role in post-exposure prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Uptake and elimination of hepatitis B immunoglobulin after intramuscular administration].

After intramuscular administration of four different hepatitis B immunoglobulins at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg body weight, serum anti-HBs antibody titres were followed over four months in 37 healthy persons. Highest serum concentration averaged 138-355 mU anti-HBs/ml and was generally observed on the third or seventh day after passive immunisation. Immunoglobulins were eliminated with a half-life of 17.5-25 days. Four months after injections their concentration was still 1.2-2.5% of the maximally reached serum level. Intramuscular administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin does not at once achieve effective optimal viral antibody levels in blood. But since there are no special preparations for intravenous use and active immunization is unlikely to be able to provide immediate protection against hepatitis B virus, intramuscular injection remains further on the method of choice in the prevention of hepatitis B after exposure.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the morphological alteration and disintegration test (MADT) and the chimpanzee infectivity test for determination of hepatitis B virucidal activity of chemical disinfectants.

The morphological alteration and disintegration test (MADT) as a key indicator for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) inactivation was compared with the chimpanzee infectivity test using three suspensions of HBV differing in the degree of inactivation as judged by electronmicroscopic studies. The results of the MADT and the chimpanzee studies correlated well. Thus, the MADT, evidently, can replace the laborious, costly and time-consuming animal studies for the evaluation of chemical disinfectants for hepatovirucidal activity.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1979

[Studies on human immunoglobulin preparations: I. Viral antibody profiles (author's transl)].

A study was undertaken to assess the viral antibody spectrum in human immunoglobulin preparations from four different manufacturers for intravenous and/or intramuscular application. Studies of the kind seem to be reasonable for calculating the expected therapeutic effect of the administered immunoglobulin. The investigated 16 gammaglobulin batches showed almost the same variety of viral antibodies and only slightly differring antibody titers. It is interesting to note, that antibodies to vaccinia virus could not be demonstrated. Quantitative determination of viral antibody titers in immunoglobulin preparations for standardization purposes should include the testing of antibodies to viruses against which a therapy with gammaglobulins is reasonable.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

[Studies on human immunoglobulin preparations: II. Purity and composition (author's transl)].

16 human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous and/or intramuscular use of 4 different manufacturers were tested with regard to their purity and composition. Anticomplementary activity was detected in preparations for i.m. application, but surprisingly also in some preparations for intravenous use, a fact which may possibly cause allergic or anaphylactic reactions. Besides IgG, which accounted for the main part of the protein content, small amounts of IgA, IgD, and IgM were found. IgE was detected in every batch studied. Some contained IgE-concentrations, usually seen in atopic persons.

Drug Contamination↗
PubMed1979

[On the infectiousness of HBs-antigen-positive medical personnel (author's transl)].

Electronmicroscopic study of 29 HBs-antigen-positive personnel of a large hospital demonstrated virus material in the blood in all instances. In nine cases Dane particles, which are the infectious principle of the hepatitis B virus, were also seen. Dane-particle-positive personnel in a hospital could well be a risk to the patients if the carrier status or infectiousness of the person is not known.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1979

[Local and systemic antibody response after vaccination with 3 different types of vaccines against influenza I. Hemagglutinationinhibiting antibodies (author's transl)].

A comparative study on the formation of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies after vaccination with 3 different types of Influenza Vaccines (Whole virion, Splitvirion, and Subunit type) was performed in adults and children. The study populations were homogeneous as regards age and pre-immunization antibody profile. The following results were obtained: 1) Strain specific conversion rates for the A component (A/Victoria/3/75 H3N2) were 77% with the whole virion vaccine, 79% with the Splitvirion vaccine and 91% with the Subunit vaccine. The antibody conversion factors calculated on the basis of the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 5.0, 6,7 and 9.0 respectively. A fourfold increase in titers was observed in 68% of vaccinees with the whole virion vaccine, in 55% of vaccinees with the Splitvirion vaccine, and in 70% of vaccinees with the Subunit vaccine. 2) Local antibody formation on the basis of conversion rates yielded values of 18% (whole virion), 22% (Splitvirion), and 28% (Subunit vaccine). 3) Systemic antibody responses revealed predominantly strain and subtype specificity as opposed to local antibody formation which was also directed towards older sybtypes. This phenomenon was more pronounced in adults than in children. 4) A significant correlation was found between the local antibody production and the concentration of hemagglutination inhibiting serum antibodies as well as between the IgA concentration in nasal wash fluid and the percentage of individuals exhibiting local antibody formation in the upper respiratory tract system. 5) In children 6-14 years of age the antibody conversion rates were found to be 91-100% for the A component with the 3 vaccines under study. The GMT for the respective vaccines A, B and S ranged from 1:170 over 1:139 to 1:211. 6) With regard to the induction of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to the B component of the vaccine (B/Hongkong/8/73) either vaccine proved to be of insufficinet potency. Though conversion rates of 6/ to 77% (60-90% in children) were observed the GMT range was only 1:17 to 1:21 (1:21 to 1:35 in children). Only 29 to 35% of the adults and about one half of the children developed antibodies of greater than or equal to 1:40 after vaccination. With regard to this observation it has to be discussed whether one shouldn't consider monovalent A vaccines for future use in influenza vaccination campaigns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Purity, anticomplementary activity, and viral antibody profile of NIG preparations for intravenous and intramuscular use.

16 normal immunoglobulin preparations of 4 different manufacturers for intravenous and intramuscular use were tested with regard to purity, anticomplementary activity, and viral antibody profile. Besides IgG, which accounted for the main part of the protein content, small amounts of IgA, IgD, and IgM were found. IgE was detected in every batch studied. Some contained IgE-concentrations, which are usually seen in atopic persons. Anticomplementary activity was detected in preparations for i.m. application but surprisingly also in some preparations for intravenous use, a fact which may possibly cause allergic or anaphylactic reactions. The investigated batches showed almost the same variety of viral antibodies and only slightly differing antibody titers. Antibodies to vaccinia virus could not be demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

High risk groups for hepatitis B virus infection in a university hospital staff as determined by detection of HB antigens, antibodies, and Dane particles.

The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs has been determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay in 1815 university hospital employees and compared with the results obtained by investigating 131 metal workers and 86 laboratory technicians. Hospital personnel and here especially dialysis staff members and laboratory workers is at higher risk to acquire a hepatitis B virus infection than population compartments without contact to patients or blood. Electronmicroscopic studies revealed that a considerable number of the blood samples of HBsAg-positive staff members contained Dane-particles. These employees have to be considered infectious and possibly present a hazard to the patients they take care of.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Risk of infection with hepatitis B virus in laboratory staff (author's transl)].

Considerable differences were discovered when 61 student technicians and 86 qualified laboratory staff were investigated for presence of hepatitis B (surface) antigen and hepatitis B (surface) antibodies in the blood. HBs antigen was not found in the trainees whereas 4.7% of the qualified personnel were HBs antigen positive. Anti-HBs could be demonstrated in 6.6% of the trainees and in 36.1% of qualified technicians. These data demonstrate the considerable risk of medical personnel from hepatitis B virus particularly in laboratories. For prophylaxis of virus hepatitis B in laboratory personnel special hygienic measures, routine blood investigations for HBs antigen and anti-HBs, the planned placing of anti-HBs positive personnel and the value of passive immunisation with anti-HBs immunoglobulins are stressed.

Adolescent↗