PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Sprem

Publications and source records attributed to N Sprem.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Experimental hematotympanum--aspects to the tympanosclerosis development.

The etiology of tympanosclerosis is very complex and has not been entirely clarified. In order to find out if blood could be a provoking factor and cause tympanosclerosis, the authors injected the blood into the ears of 32 guinea pigs. The animals were sacrificed at weekly intervals up to one month and the histological analysis of the temporal bones was performed. Their experiment has shown that mucosal changes, similar to those seen in the early stage of tympanosclerosis, can appear in a certain number of cases. As a result, they recommend the aspiration of blood from the middle ear cavity in the cases of middle ear trauma with hematotympanum. They recommend the same procedure for operations of the middle ear, which should be performed with adequate hemostasis to prevent possible tympanosclerosis development.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Changes of intratympanic pressure in secretory otitis media.

A thick, gluey effusion was observed to out of the middle ear after myringotomy only in some cases of secretory otitis media. Cytologic analysis of intratympanic transudate in 321 cases of secretory otitis media in children showed the cellular infiltration to result in increased viscosity of the middle ear content. It caused gradual change in the middle ear pressure, from the initially negative to positive pressure in the advanced stages of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Tympanoplasty after war blast lesions of the eardrum: retrospective study.

AIM: To establish whether hearing loss after eardrum blast injury could be recovered by tympanoplasty performed immediately after injury and what material is the most suitable for eardrum closure. METHODS: Tympanoplasty was performed in 119 (a total of 181 injuries) out of 651 patients examined for blast injury of the ear between 1991 and 2000. The study included a total of 106 patients who underwent tympanoplasty: 51 patients with unilateral and 55 with bilateral blast eardrum rupture (a total of 161 injuries). Three different materials were used for eardrum rupture closure: temporal fascia in 81, perichondrium in 61, and heterograft in 19 cases. Injuries were divided in 4 groups, according to the time elapsed between the injury and tympanoplasty (0-20, 21-60, 61-180, and 181 days and more). Otomicroscopic finding, audiometry, and tympanometry were used for definitive evaluation of tympanoplasty outcome. RESULTS: Eardrum rupture was successfully closed with temporal fascia in 91%, perichondrium in 92%, and heterograft in 89% of the cases (p=0.429). There were no statistically significant differences in either values of postoperative air- bone gap (p=0.210) or in eardrum perforation closure rate (p=0.951) with respect to the time period between the injury and tympanoplasty. Also, there was no correlation between the postoperative air-bone gap and the number of days elapsed between the rupture and tympanoplasty (r=-0.037, p=0.641). CONCLUSION: Small ruptures of the eardrum should be left to heal spontaneously. The patients with subtotal and total rupture and rupture that did not heal spontaneously in three months should undergo tympanoplasty. Temporal fascia, perichondrium from tragus, and heterograft are equally acceptable materials for eardrum closure after blast injury.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed2001

Vasodilator and vitamins in therapy of sensorineural hearing loss following war-related blast injury: retrospective study.

AIM: To establish whether a better recovery of the sensorineural hearing loss can be achieved by systemic administration of a vasodilator and vitamins in a saline infusion immediately after a blast injury. METHODS: Retrospective analysis included 134 patients with pure sensorineural hearing loss after blast injury (a total of 192 injuries), who were treated between 1991 and 1995. A group of 82 patients (119 injuries) was treated with 250 mL infusion of saline containing vitamins and pentoxifylin, whereas the other group (52 patients or 73 injuries) did not receive any therapy. RESULTS: The patients who received infusion therapy with vitamins and pentoxifylin showed no better hearing recovery than the patients who did not receive any therapy. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the average values of the sensorineural hearing recovery (p=0.315). CONCLUSION: Therapy with vitamins and pentoxifylin does not improve recovery of sensorineural hearing loss caused by blast injuries of the internal ear.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed1997

Hyperbaric oxygen as a therapy of Bell's palsy.

The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) to the effects of prednisone treatment in 79 subjects with Bell's palsy. Patients were randomly assigned either to the HBO2-treated group (n = 42) or to the prednisone-treated group (n = 37). The HBO2 group was exposed to 2.8 atm abs of 100% oxygen for 60 min, twice a day, 5 days a week and was given a placebo orally. The prednisone group was exposed to 2.8 atm abs of 7% O2 (equivalent to 21% O2 in air at normal pressure) following the same schedule as the HBO2 group; prednisone was given orally (total of 450 mg in 8 days). Subjects from both groups were treated in the hyperbaric chamber for up to 30 sessions or to complete recovery, and were followed up for 9 mo. At the end of the follow-up period, 95.2% of subjects treated with HBO2, and 75.7% of subjects treated with prednisone recovered completely. The average time to complete the recovery in the HBO2 group was 22 days as opposed to 34.4 days in the control group (P < 0.001). In the HBO2-treated group, at the beginning, the altered nerve excitability test (NET) was abnormal in five subjects; three of them had normal NET by the end of the follow-up period. In the prednisone group the NET was abnormal in nine subjects at the beginning and they had not recovered by the end of the follow-up (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that HBO2 is more effective than prednisone in treatment of Bell's palsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effect of climatic elements on the frequency of secretory otitis media.

A relationship between the number of children hospitalized for secretory otitis media and climatic elements was observed during a 10-year period (1981-1990). The highest correlation was obtained between the number of secretory otitis media cases and the number of sunny hours in a month, followed by that between the number of secretory otitis media cases and the mean monthly temperature and relative air humidity. The largest number of children were hospitalized for secretory otitis media toward the end of winter, and the lowest toward the end of summer (in August and September).

Child↗
PubMed1993

Effects of sulfur dioxide and smoke on the incidence of laryngotracheitis (croup).

During the 1981-1990 period, 652 children, 70% boys and 30% girls, were hospitalized at the Zagreb University ENT Department for laryngotracheitis (croup). Most of the children were hospitalized at the age of 2, and 90% of all children were under the age of 7. The highest number of cases of laryngotracheitis were admitted during autumn, especially in October, and the lowest in July. No correlation was found between the mean and peak monthly values of sulfur dioxide and smoke in the air in Zagreb and the number of children hospitalized for laryngotracheitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemistry of glomus jugulare and tympanicum tumors.

Glomus jugulare and tympanicum tumors differ from other paragangliomas, especially from aorto-sympathetic, visceral-autonomic and adrenal medulla tumors. They differ not only in their localization, but also in their histologic and clinical pictures. As differentiated from other paragangliomas, these tumors show no argyrophilia. Besides the difference in histochemistry, the glomus jugulare and tympanicum tumors also differ from other paragangliomas in the intensity of their immunohistochemical reaction to particular markers. As differentiated from other paragangliomas that react well to chromogranin with antisera, the chief cells of these tumors are poorly represented with chromogranin as a marker. As distinguished from chromogranin, however, synaptophysin produced a positive reaction, i. e., moderate to maximal reactivity, in all cases under study. Helper cells of these tumors, and likewise other paragangliomas, are well represented by antisera to S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acid protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Surgical treatment of Menière's disease--two techniques compared.

Two techniques for surgical treatment of Menière's disease, endolymphatic sac decompression according to Shambough and decompression on the stapes footplate, i. e., platino decompression according to Martin, were compared. A series of 81 patients were hospitalized for treatment, and 20 surgical procedures were performed: platino decompression in eight cases, and endolymphatic sac decompression in 12. None of the eight patients had relapse of the disease after platino decompression, whereas the endolymphatic sac operation was followed by relapse in 6 of the 12 patients. Considering the postoperative values of hearing loss, the considerably lower incidence of relapse, and the technically simple procedure of platino decompression, this technique is recommended as a method of choice for the surgical treatment of Menière's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of sulphur dioxide and smoke on the incidence of secretory otitis media.

The study deals with the effects of sulphur dioxide and smoke as air pollutants on the incidence of secretory otitis media. Although various atmospheric irritants, such as sulphur dioxide and smoke, have been reported to increase proneness to infection and allergy stabilization, and to cause Eustachian tube obstruction and development of secretory otitis media by way of infection and allergy reaction, such statements appear to be challenged by the results obtained in this study. No correlation was found between the number of children hospitalized for secretory otitis media, and the mean and maximum monthly concentrations of sulphur dioxide and smoke in the air. Although there has been a steady decrease in sulphur dioxide and smoke concentrations over the past decade, the number of cases of secretory otitis media has not only failed to follow that decrease but has actually increased.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1990

[Classification of secretory otitis based on cytological analysis of middle ear transudate].

On the basis of the number of cell elements in the cytologic smear of the transudate from the middle ear, secretory otitis media was divided into four groups providing indication for therapeutic procedures. The first group is characterized by a mass of mucus and very scarce cell elements, suggesting a relatively short duration of illness and the healing by conservative therapy and adenoidectomy. The second group contained somewhat more cell elements in the cytologic smear, suggesting a longer duration of illness and requiring the use of a ventilation tubule in the therapeutic procedure. The third group showed a considerable cell infiltration and the appearance of individual collagenic fibres scattered in disorder in the smear. The transudate is dense, sticky, and dark. Its aspiration from the cavum is not easy. The finding suggests a long duration of illness, requiring a more active approach of the otosurgeon. The fourth group is characterized by a very scarce but dense aspirate from the middle ear. The cytologic smear shows an intense cell infiltration and a mass of collagenic fibres, which speaks for a very long duration of illness and for the necessity, in view of the formation of connective tissue in the middle ear, of an explorative tympanotomy coupled with adhesiolysis and the use of the ventilatory tubule.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Hearing disorders in patients with cleft lip and palate].

Hearing threshold in cleft lip/or palate was assessed in 316 ears by pure tone audiometry. Normal hearing threshold was found in almost a half (164/51,9%) of the ears examined. Hearing defects were most frequently observed in cases of complete unilateral cleft palate (48/60%), whereas they were least frequently recorded in cases of cleft lip (15/19,2%). Complete bilateral cleft lip and palate was associated with conduction deafness in 29 (42,9%) ears examined, thus occupying the last but one place according to the frequency of association between deafness and cleft defects. A hearing conduction gap or more than 40 dB was most frequently present in complete cleft lip and palate (7/5,6%), followed by cleft palate (4/5%). Submucous cleft palate was observed to be less frequently accompanied by conduction deafness (9/56,2%) as compared to complete cleft palate, despite a common feature of bone and muscle support discontinuity. Cleft lip was least frequently accompanied by conduction deafness, but it was still present to a relatively high percentage when compared to the cleft-free population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Branchial cyst and fistula of the first branchial cleft. Apropos of a case].

We describe a case of a fistula from the first branchial cleft. At the otorhinolaryngology clinic of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Zagreb we have operated on more than 100 cases of congenital abnormalities of the branchial arches. However, it is only recently that we had the first case of fistula from the first branchial cleft. We report the clinical aspects and operative course in detail.

Branchioma↗
PubMed1989

[Immunologic studies of secretory otitis].

Evaluation of total serum proteins and RIST immunoelectrophoresis of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM were carried out on a group of 35 children of both sexes suffering from secretory otitis. The transudate aspirated from the middle ear was examined only by immunoelectrophoresis. The values for albumin and gammaglobulins were decreased for all the patients. The values for RIST were significantly lower than those where an allergic cause was present. The values for immunoglobulins in transudate were also significantly lower than normal.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Rhinomanometrical findings after septoplasty in children.

40 children of both sexes, aged 5-12, with deviations or fractures of the nasal septum were tested. These children were selected for septoplasty on the basis of anamnestic data, ENT examination and anterior rhinomanometry with and without anamnestic data. The control group consisted of 15 children, of approx. the same age and sex distribution, with normal nose breathing and rhinomanometrical findings. The operated group underwent clinical and rhinomanometrical examination 3 and 12 months after surgery, and the control group 12 months after the initial examination. Septoplasty was performed under general anaesthesia with locally applied vasoconstrictors. The results showed that rhinomanometrical resistances prior to surgery were significantly higher in all the subjects in the operated group than those in the control group. Rhinomanometrical resistances were lower in 29 operated cases 3 months after septoplasty than before septoplasty, and significantly lower in 32 operated cases 12 months after septoplasty. Rhinomanometrical resistances in the operated group 12 months after surgery were a little higher than those in the control group 12 months after the initial examination. Failures and complications after septoplasty are commented upon, as is their influence on rhinomanometrical resistances.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of radiotherapy on the function of the parotid gland].

The incidence of adverse effects on radiotherapy in head and neck cancer is quite common. Some irradiation doses affecting parotid gland have been investigated. 38 irradiated cases and 12 non-irradiated cases constituting the control group have been included in the study. Histologic examination, sialography, scintigraphy and sialometry have been performed in all cases. The impairment of parotid gland is evident in the early stage and is aggravated with time. Glandular function is not reduced significantly by irradiation doses of 2000-3000 r. A marked functional reduction has been noted with irradiation doses of 5000-6000 r., and is variable in each individual. The reduced glandular function was particularly reduced in the early postirradiation period. The subsequent functional improvement is related to the remainder of less affected parenchyma, reduced inflammatory process and rapid growth of goblet cells in the walls of the outlet system compensating mucus deficit.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Radiological study of the permeability of the eustachian tube. Personal procedure].

An original method for visualizing the Eustachian tube using micropulverized barium sulfate is described. The contrast substance must be insufflated under air pressure into the Eustachian tube by means of a catheter. Radiologic images as axial projections of base of skull allow detailed analysis of anteriorly insufflated tubes. Analysis of findings using this method on 306 tubes showed that filling with contrast was total in 83.8%, partial in 11.1% and absent in 5.1%.

Barium Sulfate↗