Declining trends of HTLV-I prevalence among blood donors in Kumamoto, Japan.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
N Tsuji
Publications and source records attributed to N Tsuji.
Enhancement of lysosomal enzyme activity by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor and its role in tumor cell killing in vitro.
We investigated the effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the lysosomal enzyme activity of various established cell lines in vitro. Incubation of 1 x 10(6) TNF-sensitive mouse tumorigenic fibroblasts (L-M cells) in the presence of TNF (100 U/ml) for 48 h increased the total (the sum of the enzyme activities in the lysosomes and the cytoplasm) acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activities by 3.7- and 4.2-fold, respectively. The same increase was observed even when 1 U/ml of TNF was added to some cultures and no further augmentation occurred at 10 or 100 U/ml. Measurement of total and free enzyme activities showed that TNF stimulation not only enhanced the total intracellular enzyme activity but also accelerated the conversion into free (cytoplasmic) enzyme activity. Addition of a lysosomotropic agent (methylamine) suppressed both the enhancement of lysosomal enzyme activity and the cytotoxicity of TNF. A similar enhancement of lysosomal enzyme activities was also detected in various TNF-sensitive tumor cell lines, and a strong correlation (acid phosphatase: r = 0.836, beta-glucuronidase: r = 0.910) was observed between the enhancement of enzyme activity and sensitivity to TNF. No such increase was detected in TNF-resistant human diploid cells. These results show that TNF induces the activation and release of lysosomal enzymes in TNF-sensitive cells, and suggest that such events may play an important role in TNF-mediated cytotoxicity.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Mechanism of synergistic cytotoxic effect between tumor necrosis factor and hyperthermia.
We previously reported that recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rhTNF) and hyperthermia had a synergistic effect against tumors, in vitro and in vivo. We have now investigated the mechanism of this synergy by measuring the lysosomal enzyme activity and hydroxyl radical production of L-M cells treated with rhTNF and/or hyperthermia. A synergistic activation of lysosomal enzyme and the induction of hydroxyl radical production in L-M cells treated with both rhTNF and hyperthermia was observed. A synergistic cytotoxic effect was observed when rhTNF and hyperthermia were combined, and was inhibited by the addition of a reactive oxygen scavenger, dimethyl sulfoxide or bipyridine. The results show that the augmenting effect of hyperthermia on lysosomal enzyme activation and induction of hydroxyl radical production by rhTNF plays an important role in the synergistic cytotoxic effect.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Sudden cardiac death in calves with experimental heavy infection of Strongyloides papillosus.
For obtaining the preliminary data on the pathogenesis of sudden death in calves naturally heavily infected with Strongyloides papillosus, we monitored 8 Holstein calves experimentally infected with the larvae on electrocardiographic and pneumographic changes. Six calves died suddenly on days 11 to 17 after infection. Sinus tachycardia had been recorded continuously since 1 to 6 days before death. Heart rates increased gradually until death. Since 1 or 2 days before death, various patterns of tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia had been observed among patterns of sinus tachycardia. Arrhythmias included serious ventricular premature beat, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, complete atrioventricular block and so on. The terminal pattern observed suddenly in all of the cases was ventricular arrhythmias consisting of serial ventricular tachycardia, flutter and fibrillation, which were followed by respiratory arrest. Abnormal pneumograms were not obtained before the terminal ventricular fibrillation. Two of 8 calves recovered from the infection, only one of which showed sinus arrest and the second degree of atrioventricular block transiently. We concluded that calves heavily infected with the larvae died due to sudden cardiac arrest.
Animals↗
Postauricular response in motor paresis with intracranial lesions.
The clinical usefulness of the postauricular response (PAR) in the evaluation of motor paresis was studied in 105 patients with intracranial lesions and 25 normal volunteers. Click stimuli at 90 dB hearing level were delivered in each ear, and PARs recorded from bilateral posterior auricular muscles with reference to the vertex (Cz). No volunteer demonstrated PAR in the relaxed posture, but in tensed postures increasing muscle tone PARs were elicited with a latency of 11.5 +/- 0.7 msec and an amplitude of 6.2 +/- 2.8 muV. Sixty-two patients (59%) had high-amplitude PARs in the relaxed posture. PARs were enhanced more frequently in paretic patients than in non-paretic patients (p less than 0.01). In subcortical lesions, the PAR latency had a significant correlation with the degree of motor paresis (p less than 0.005). In patients, the enhanced PAR amplitude suggested the presence of motor paresis associated with deep-seated mass lesions. The enhanced response is thought to be associated with dysfunction of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts.
Brain Diseases↗
Serum tumor necrosis factor activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels in 33 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were measured by using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay. Four of five Crohn's diseases (CD) and nine of twenty eight ulcerative colitis (UC) had elevated levels of serum TNF. In active CD or UC, a greater fraction of patients studied had significantly increased serum TNF levels (3/3 for CD and 8/11 for UC). Production of TNF by peripheral blood monocytes when stimulated by lipopolysaccharide was also increased in these patients and correlated with their serum TNF levels. These results suggest that TNF may have some pathoetiological meaning in IBD.
Adult↗
[Breast preserving operation for early breast cancer--clinical implications and biological aspects of residual tumor].
Among the 93 surgical specimens of stage I breast cancer treated by breast preserving operation, surgical margins were less than 10mm in 23 (25%) cases because of intraductal spread. Such tumors with extensive intraductal component, however, were frequently positive for estrogen receptor (ER). Possible risk factors for local failure have been studied in an attempt to exclude high-risk patients not suitable for breast preserving operation. The results so far obtained suggest that biological markers such as c-erb B-2 or PS2 proteins may provide useful informations to select patients who are most likely to recur. In addition, adjuvant endocrine therapy may be recommended for the patients treated by breast preserving operation.
Aged↗
[A water intoxication patient who showed remarkable ST depression and suspected ischemic heart disease].
A 63 year old female, who was admitted to a psychiatric hospital for schizophrenia, was referred to our emergency room because of sudden loss of consciousness and convulsions. On arrival, she was drowsy and hypoxemic. Her chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly with pulmonary edema. ECG showed marked ST depression in precordial leads and serum chemistry revealed marked elevation of CPK, GOT and LDH along with hyponatremia and hypochloremia. She was immediately admitted to CCU on suspicion of acute non-transmural myocardial infarction complicated with congestive heart failure. After fluid restriction and intravenous infusion of dopamine she passed large amount of urine, and her consciousness level, electrolyte imbalance and ECG change, improved gradually. Although serum CPK level increased as high as 32,307 IU/ml, there were no signs of left ventricular asynergy on UCG and CPK isozyme analysis performed later revealed more than 99% of serum cCPK was MM-type. We concluded that water intoxication was the cause of the ECG change and the elevated serum CPK, GOT and LDH levels. There are few reports on elevated CPK level in association with water intoxication, in which rhabdomyolysis is speculated as the cause of CPK elevation. But there is no report on ECG change complicated with water intoxication. In our case, electrolyte imbalance caused by water intoxication seemed to play a major role in ST depression and QT prolongation. Although water intoxication is a rare disorder in the general population, it is not infrequent among patients with psychiatric diseases. Care must be taken when such patients present ECG change and serum enzyme elevation mimicking ischemic heart disease.
Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
[Pitfalls in cortical localization by intraoperative recording of cortical somatosensory evoked potentials].
Cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recordings were made in 11 patients who had lesions located in or near the somatosensory or motor gyri to localize the central sulcus and sensorimotor cortex during neurosurgical operations. Cortical localization was successful in 7 of the 11 patients by recording phase reversal waveforms of N20 and P20 at electrode sites in the hand area on opposite sides of the central sulcus. There were 4 cases in which the cortical localization failed. Locations of craniotomy were far distant from the central sulcus retrospectively in 2 of the 4 patients. Cortical SEPs couldn't be recorded despite probable exposure of the hand area and apparently adequate stimulation and recording conditions in 2 patients who had showed no or low amplitude scalp SEP preoperatively. In one of these 2 patients only low amplitude negative waves were recorded at the cortex which was thought far field potentials originated from subcortical structures. In 2 patients cortical SEP was monitored during the removal of the tumors and was useful to estimate the effects of the operative procedures on the sensorimotor cortex. It is concluded that the localization of cortical functions using cortical SEP is useful for reducing risk associated with intracranial surgery. However, we must be aware that there are some pitfalls in this method.
Adolescent↗
[Three dimensional display of cerebral vessels using a personal computer].
A new method for a 3-D reconstruction of angiographic cerebral vessels was developed. This system was constructed from inexpensive equipment such as a personal computer, a video camera, a video display, and a digitizer. The input of the vessel images on anteroposterior and lateral angiograms was performed using a video camera with a personal computer and an image processing program (FDM 98-4; Fotoron Co.). These processed images were modified with our original editorial method. This can contribute a lot to the erasing of "non-vessel" images such as skull bone and other noise. It also adds concerning vessels which cannot be clearly taken from angiograms with the video camera. The most beneficial point of the editorial method was to reduce the time consumed in the reconstruction. The spatial points of X-ray discharging boxes against the AP and lateral films were calculated from the length and width of the radiated images of metal bars. These bars were attached to the 3 planes of the lucent box in which the patient's head was inserted to take the angiograms. The 3-D points of the vessels were calculated as follows; one point of a vessel on the lateral image and the spatial point of the X-ray discharging box against the image were linked by a line on which a point moved within a Z range. When the extended line which linked the point and the position of the X-ray discharging box against the AP view crossed the AP image, the Z value of the point was adopted and X and Y values were gained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cerebral Angiography↗
Autogenous and anautogenous mosquitoes: a mathematical analysis of reproductive strategies.
A mathematical model is presented to compare the relative advantage of an anautogenous mosquito population (in which females blood feed throughout life) with an obligate autogenous population (in which females do not feed on blood for the first oviposition). The advantage is measured by the intrinsic rate of natural increase. Autogeny was more advantageous than anautogeny when host searching time (ts), the ratio of the fecundity of the first autogenous to anautogenous oviposition (p), the fecundity in one anautogenous oviposition (n), or the instantaneous death rate of the adult population (D) was large, or when the preimaginal period (xo), the instantaneous death rate during the preimaginal period (D'), or survival during blood feeding (s) was low. The parameters most sensitive to the advantage of autogeny were ts, p, and s. The value of n was insensitive, and xo, D, and D' were intermediately sensitive to autogeny. Conditions when autogeny was advantageous were equivalent to conditions conducive to high autogeny rates in facultatively autogenous species, which alter the expression of autogeny depending upon environmental stimuli. Data on several facultatively autogenous species are discussed qualitatively and quantitatively to demonstrate the utility of our model in considering the evolution of autogeny and the autogeny rate.
Animals↗
Experimental approach to a role of the increased T-kininogen level in carrageenin-induced pleurisy of rats.
In order to elucidate the biological role of T-kininogen, it's levels in plasma, exudate, and liver were measured by radioimmunoassay in rats following the induction of carrageenin pleurisy. T-kininogen level in the liver microsomes was increased markedly at 8-24 hr after the carrageenin injection, and its plasma level increased at 24-48 hr with a delay. Pretreatment with dexamethasone suppressed the pleural exudate accumulation almost completely, but inhibited the T-kininogen level in plasma or liver only partially. When rats were pretreated with carrageenin injection into a paw 2 days prior to intrapleural injection of carrageenin, the pretreatment did not affect the pleurisy development, even though the plasma level of T-kininogen was greatly increased. Increased level of T-kininogen correlated well with the thiol protease inhibitor activity found in the plasma and exudate. These results indicate that an increase in the T-kininogen level does not influence the exudation, but might act as an inhibitor of thiol proteases that could be released at the inflammatory site.
Animals↗
New antibiotics, resorcinomycins A and B: antibacterial activity of resorcinomycin A against mycobacteria in vitro.
Resorcinomycin A, N-[(S)-alpha-guanidino-3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylphenylacetyl]glyci ne, S-RSM-A, a new antibiotic produced by Streptoverticillium roseoverticillatum, has an antibacterial spectrum directed towards mycobacterial species. It is not active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, except mycobacteria and weakly active against mycoplasmas. In vitro activities of the S-, R- and S,R-isomers of RSM-A against atypical mycobacterial strains were compared with those of streptomycin (SM) and kanamycin (KM) by 2-fold agar dilution methods using Middlebrook 7H10 agar medium. Although R-RSM-A and S,R-RSM-A were comparable or inferior to both antibiotics, the antimycobacterial activity of S-RSM-A was superior to that of SM and KM.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Three-dimensional display of structures and lesions in the brainstem using a personal computer].
The method of three-dimensional reconstruction of structures and lesions in the brainstem was developed by using a personal computer to visualize the affected sites in some cranial nuclei and long tracts. Outlines of brainstem structures and lesions were digitalized manually by tracing the atlas of the human brainstem and CT or MR images. Four outlines of the brainstem, the medulla, lower pons, upper pons and midbrain, and the outlines of any parenchymal structures were taken at every point 2 mm in thickness. These were used as the standard visualization of the atlas. The CT and MRI, which show outlines of the lesions, were taken on the vertical planes to the floor of the fourth ventricle, one of which included the fastigium, at every point 3 to 5 mm in thickness. These two kinds of outlines, taken from the atlas and the CT/MRI, were reconstructed three-dimensionally with commercial 3-D software. It took only 20 to 25 minutes for the digitalization and the 3-D reconstruction. Three-dimensional display of small structures, which were difficult to identify on CT or MRI, and lesions would enable the visualization of their anatomical relations and make possible the detection of the affected sites, not only in the axial but in the longitudinal direction. Correspondence between the affected sites on 3-D and the neurophysiological examinations (ABR, SSEP) confirms that our 3-D method is adequate for use in the anatomical diagnosis of affected sites in any small structure in the brainstem.
Brain Diseases↗
[Effects and indications of spinal cord stimulation on the vegetative syndrome].
The effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on the vegetative syndrome were studied in six patients. Factors affecting the results were mentioned with a view to establishing indications as to whether or not the SCS should be performed. "Persistent vegetative states" were thought to be identical with Ohta's "vegetative syndrome" which consists of eleven signs. Six of these signs--polyphasic cycle of waking and sleeping, urinary incontinence, being bedridden and being tube fed etc--were important criteria of the vegetative syndrome. SCS was thought to be effective if one or more of the 6 signs disappeared after SCS. SCS was performed at level from C2 to C4 with a frequency of 25 to 120 Hz, an intensity of 2.5 to 6 volts, a pulse duration of 0.3 to 0.5 msec. and a duration of 3 to 11 hours per day. Neurological signs, ABR, CT/MRI, EEG and the grade of the vegetative syndrome were estimated before and after SCS. In the course of SCS, 2 of the 6 patients recovered from the vegetative syndrome. Both had a localized lesion in the brain stem without a cerebral lesion on CT/MRI, with bilateral appearance of the fifth peak with prolonged latency and decreased amplitude of main peaks on ABR. The other 4 patients showed little or no improvement. They all had diffuse cerebral atrophy or low density areas on CT and almost normal ABR. One of these patients, who suffered a cerebral contusion leading to transtentorial herniation with unilateral cerebral contusion on CT and unilateral disappearance of the fifth peak on ABR, showed no recovery from the vegetative syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Monoclonal antibodies against rat T-kininogen: application to radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry.
Monoclonal antibodies to rat T-kininogen were produced and 9 hybridomas were selected. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed using 125I-labeled T-kininogen and cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus (Zysorbin) for the separation of bound from free ligand, when IgG2a and IgG2b were used. In the case of IgG1 monoclonals, a second antibody (goat anti-mouse IgG) and Zysorbin were used. By this RIA, 1-16 ng T-kininogen/tube showed a linear inhibition curve, and cross reactivities to rat purified LMW- and HMW-kininogens were less than 0.5%, respectively. These monoclonal antibodies were also used for the immunohistochemical staining of the liver to detect T-kininogen in hepatocytes. By using the RIA and immunohistochemical staining, the T-kininogen levels in rat plasma and liver following carrageenin-induced inflammation were estimated. At 3-5 h after the carrageenin injection, when the paw swelling was at its peak, the plasma level of T-kininogen and staining of the liver were slightly increased. T-Kininogen levels in plasma and liver peaked on the 2nd day, when the paw swelling had already decreased. The result indicates that the increase of T-kininogen level in the liver and plasma occurs with a time lag and T-kininogen is not directly involved in the increase of vascular permeability in carrageenin paw edema.
Animals↗
New glycopeptide antibiotics: II. The isolation and structures of chloroorienticins.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
New glycopeptide antibiotics. I. The structures of orienticins.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗