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Biomedical subjects

N V Lebedeva

Publications and source records attributed to N V Lebedeva.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Use of health information systems in the Russian federation in the assessment of environmental health effects.

The Russian Federation has made an intensive effort to compile and use information on the environment and human health. In 1996-1997, we evaluated the information that was collected and analyzed on the local (raion), regional (oblast), and federal levels with reference to its usefulness in the assessment of environmental health effects. The Russian Federation maintains standardized nationwide institutions that routinely collect health data in polyclinics and hospitals and then report to the national offices. The allocations of the workforce and the broad range of surveyed health outcomes are extensive, but a lack of systematic control of information quality limits the ability to take full advantage of these efforts. On the other hand, the hierarchical system of data collection has advantages over more decentralized or commercial health systems. A major weakness in the current reporting is the aggregation and transformation of data. Although this may not disturb the generation of health statistics, it seriously limits the use of regional and federal level data in the assessment of health effects of environmental exposures. In spite of limitations, some revised approaches to the analysis of existing data may be both feasible and fruitful. Combining information from routine data and newly collected data is likely to be the most effective way to assess the relationship between environmental exposures and diseases. Although there is a strong and justifiable desire to rapidly translate information of environmental health effects into policy alternatives, at present, it seems more useful to emphasize data quality, completeness, and plans for the use of data.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1999

Birds as objects in bioindication of radioactive pollution.

This article is a review the recent results of research in the accumulation of natural and artificial radionuclides in birds from Russia (Adigea, Krasnodar, Rostov, Astrahan and Moscow regions, Novaya Zemlya isles), Ukraine, Vietnam, Poland, Ethiophia and Mongolia after global precipitation and local pollution, such as in the East-Urals radioactive region and radioactive zones after the Chernobyl accident. Resident birds reflect local level of radionuclide contamination. The 90Sr concentration in the food of the Pied Flycatcher had a tendency to increase in dependent of age. The Common Jay and the Mallard were the most contaminated with 137Cs in the Bryansk region. The total content of various radio-isotopes of plutonium in bird bones from Southwest Russia were hundred and thousand times more, than in Mongolia. Activity levels in specimens from Ethiopia bear record to Ethiopia can notbe a "pure" control site in radioecological research and radioactive background since it does not significantly differ from Turkmenia and Mongolia.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Circadian rhythms in rapidly dividing cyanobacteria.

The long-standing supposition that the biological clock cannot function in cells that divide more rapidly than the circadian cycle was investigated. During exponential growth in which the generation time was 10 hours, the profile of bioluminescence from a reporter strain of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus (species PCC 7942) matched a model based on the assumption that cells proliferate exponentially and the bioluminescence of each cell oscillates in a cosine fashion. Some messenger RNAs showed a circadian rhythm in abundance during continuous exponential growth with a doubling time of 5 to 6 hours. Thus, the cyanobacterial circadian clock functions in cells that divide three or more times during one circadian cycle.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of organic solvents on the child-bearing function of women painters (an epidemiological hygiene study].

Female painters, if compared to the reference group, appeared to have significantly higher incidence of pregnancy complications, spontaneous abortions and dead births. The painters' children were characterized by higher occurrence of respiratory cardiovascular and skin diseases, is the reference group. Incidence of congenital abnormalities was the same in both groups, but mothers exposed to organic solvents at work had children with congenital abnormalities of cardiovascular and central nervous systems, multiple defects and chromosomal aberrations, that were absent or less frequent in the reference group.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1997

[Health status of the population as a criterion in the assessment of the quality of life].

The paper analyzes the present health status of the population, including mortality of able-bodied individuals, examines the changes in age-specific mortality rates. This also gives the results of studies into the causes of increased deaths from various unfavourable exposures to occupational, environmental, socioeconomic and other factors. The paper also presents epidemiological cohort surveys of workers exposed to lead and outlines the objectives and tasks of the section "Environmental Epidemiology" of the Environmental Control Project.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[A disorder of serotonin metabolism in patients in the acute period of nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhages].

The indices of serotonin metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were studied in 43 patients with nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in the interval from 1 - 2 to 28 days after the onset of the disease. The considerable increase of tryptophan, serotonin and its main metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HAA) in CSF and blood was found. The relationship between liquor and blood serum serotonin levels, hemorrhage focus size, severity and outcome of disease was also observed. There were no significant differences between serotonin, 5-HAA, free and bound serotonin levels in patients with the break of blood into different part of liquor space. The possible mechanisms of alteration of serotonin metabolism in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Mortality of geologists in relation to occupational activities].

The study covered mortality among a cohort of geologists working in North-Western Russia. The cohort included 3911 geologists, geophysicists and drillers, whose life was followed during 1977-1992. The standardized relative mortality risk with all death causes equalled 0.58 in general. Risk of mortality with hypertension in the male geologists was 21.7 times higher and for the female ones-25.4 times higher than for general population. Definite dependence between the stronger effects and the longer length of service was seen. The highest standardized relative mortality risk appeared among the drillers. Occupational risk factors for geologists reliably increase risk of mortality with active rheumatism, diseases involving arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels. The male geophysicists tend to have higher incidence of prostatic cancer, and female ones-higher incidence of uterine carcinoma.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1995

Circadian orchestration of gene expression in cyanobacteria.

We wanted to identify genes that are controlled by the circadian clock in the prokaryotic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. To use luciferase as a reporter to monitor gene expression, bacterial luciferase genes (luxAB) were inserted randomly into the Synechococcus genome by conjugation with Escherichia coli and subsequent homologous recombination. The resulting transformed clones were then screened for bioluminescence using a new developed cooled-CCD camera system. We screened approximately 30,000 transformed Synechococcus colonies and recovered approximately 800 clones whose bioluminescence was bright enough to be easily monitored by the screening apparatus. Unexpectedly, the bioluminescence expression patterns of almost all of these 800 colonies clearly manifested circadian rhythmicity. These rhythms exhibited a range of waveforms and amplitudes, and they also showed a variety of phase relationships. We also found bioluminescence rhythms expressed by cyanobacterial colonies in which the luciferase gene set was coupled to the promoters of several known genes. Together, these results indicate that control of gene expression by circadian clocks may be more widespread than expected thus far. Moreover, our results show that screening organisms in which promoterless luciferase genes have been inserted randomly throughout the genome by homologous recombination provides an extremely sensitive method to explore differential gene expression.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1995

[Prognostication of disability caused by occupational diseases].

The article shows that prophylaxis of occupational disability depends on many official departments. Priority in prophylaxis of occupational disability should include safe work conditions. Better medical prophylaxis of occupational diseases necessitates creation of occupational medical service in Russia. Examination of ability to work and rational placement of the disabled people could be effectively performed with establishment of special commissions including medical experts and occupational officials. Planning, forecasting and control of disability prophylaxis require objective and complete information on variety of subjects--creation of universal informational service based on up-to-date computers. That could consider all influencing factors and apply mathematical models to forecasting of primary occupational disability and contingent of the disabled people.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed1994

[Epidemiologic research in occupational medicine and industrial ecology].

Complicated nature of present environmental pollution necessitates thorough epidemiologic studies to reveal causal and dose-effect relationships between ecology and health state of population. Besides that we should consider influence of such items as lifestyle (nutrition, psychologic state, bad habits) on public health. The article shows role of occupational hazards for health state, influence of parents' occupations on health and vitality of the children. The authors revealed effects of occupational factors (occupation) on relative risk of mortality with some diseases and on total life expectancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Concept of risk in epidemiological studies].

Risk is defined as probability of disease within the stated period of time. The concepts of relative risk, difference of risks, standardized relative risk and others conventional in epidemiological and hygienic research are given.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Blood flow hydrodynamic resistance in patients with ischaemic stroke or vascular encephalopathy and possibilities of its correction in vitro.

In order to determine the patient blood flow hydrodynamic properties in terms of the Toms-effect, the time blood flow was measured in special apparatus twice: (1) before and (2) after addition of poly(ethylene oxide) WSR-301 (Union Carbide, USA) in concentration of 2 x 10(6) g/ml of blood sample (50 ml with 500 units of heparin) taken from 26 patients with acute ischaemic stroke, 8 patients with vascular encephalopathy after stroke, 5 patients with vascular encephalopathy following atherosclerosis with or without arterial hypertension. The blood samples taken from 8 healthy persons formed the control group. Haematocrit (HCT) and asymptotic blood viscosity were studied also. It was established that hydrodynamic blood flow resistance (HBFR) did not depend on HCT and viscosity, but was significantly higher in all patient groups than in normal persons (p less than 0.05). Addition of polymer solution decreased HBFR of patient blood more intensively that in the control group. We believe that it indicates an insufficiency of an unidentified factor in native human blood.

Adult↗