[Evaluation of environmental pollution: priority trends and criteria].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N V Rusakov.
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How to safely handle production and consumption residues is a relatively recent problem. According to the data of the United Nations Organization, 25 to 33% of the diseases notified in the world are directly related to the poor human environment. In Russia and foreign countries, there has been no list of chemicals so far. By taking into account the general spread of human vital activity-induced production and consumption residues, the substantial scale of formation and a great variety of the latter's in their composition, types, and the pattern of their possible deleterious action, it is important to consider the problem of handling the residues, by assessing the risk of their hazard.
The paper describes possible conditions for forming the natural and artificial geochemical provinces available on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the impact of localities' soil pollution with chemicals on human health, by using specific areas as an example. Emphasis is laid on the fact that it is urgent to substantiate priorities to organize and manage a section of sociohygienic monitoring of localities' soil.
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Exposure of humans to heavy metals and helminthic eggs during agricultural utilization of sewage sediments is discussed. Recommendations for reducing or completely eliminating the risk of human exposure to heavy metals are offered.
The results of experimental investigations to evaluate the adverse effects of metal-containing industrial waste on warm-blooded animals are presented. Acute experiments assessing the toxicity of industrial waste were not shown to be informative. Long-term exposure to different industrial wastes was found to have varying toxicity at the cell, organ, and body levels.
A combination of two approaches to assessing the carcinogenic and mutagenic potentials of industrial waste is proposed. One approach includes determination of the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of individual chemicals of waste, the other involves biological indication of the cumulative mutagenic activity of waste samples. The mutagenic potential of some waste samples of aircraft industry was determined.
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