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Biomedical subjects

O Elbrønd

Publications and source records attributed to O Elbrønd.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A clinico-pathological study of 277 patients.

In the period 1963-1991, a total of 277 consecutive patients with malignant tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were treated at Aarhus University Hospital. The major histological types included squamous cell carcinoma (46%), lymphoma (14%), adenocarcinoma (13%), and malignant melanoma (9%). Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year corrected survival (death from cancer) showed the best prognosis for adenoid cystic carcinoma (87%), adenocarcinoma (65%) and lymphoma (56%), and the poorest prognosis for undifferentiated carcinoma (17%) and malignant melanoma (24%). The 5-year corrected survival for squamous cell carcinoma was 35%. Of the 180 patients with treatment failure, the vast majority occurred locally (n = 166); a minor proportion was regional (n = 23) or distant (n = 30). For the 195 patients with carcinoma, the following parameters were of statistical prognostic significance (5-year corrected survival): histological differentiation (moderate-well 65% vs. poor 22%), primary T-site (nasal cavity 56% vs. maxillary antrum 39% vs. other sinuses 24%), tumour stage (T2 68% vs. T3 37% vs. T4 29%), nodal stage (N0 48% vs. N1-3 21%), treatment (radiotherapy + surgery 56% vs. radiation alone 35%).

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Case-control study of squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity in Denmark.

A population-based case-control study was designed to examine if the risk of developing intra-oral squamous-cell carcinoma in Denmark was associated with occupation, marital status, residence, dental status, and exposure to coffee, tea, tobacco, and alcohol. Cases consisted of 161 consecutively-admitted incident patients with histologically verified, primary, intra-oral squamous-cell carcinoma treated at the Aarhus University Hospital from January 1986 to November 1990. For each case, three controls of the same gender and age were selected randomly from among nonhospitalized residents in the hospital's catchment area (some 1.4 m inhabitants). Four hundred of the selected 483 controls participated in the study. Risk was associated significantly with marital status, residence, dental status, alcohol consumption, and exposure to tobacco. When correcting for tobacco and alcohol consumption, only marital status and dental status remained significant. The association between risk and marital status was particularly prominent among divorced compared with married persons (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-4.6). Persons with less than five teeth had an OR of 2.4 (CI 1.3-4.1) compared with persons with 15 or more teeth. Tobacco and alcohol exposure were the strongest individual risk-indicators in both lifetime and current consumption estimates, and their composite effect was particularly strong. Compared with nonusers, OR for tobacco (> 20 g/d) adjusted for alcohol = 5.8 (CI = 3.1-10.9); OR for alcohol (> 5 drinks/d) adjusted for tobacco = 8.4 (CI = 4.0-17.6). The OR for heavy users of tobacco and alcohol (> 20 g tobacco/d and > 5 drinks/d) was 80.7 (CI = 21.8-298.8). These results confirm that tobacco and alcohol contribute significantly to the risk of developing oral cancer. There were no significant differences between the risk estimates for the two genders or young and old persons. Two simulation studies indicate that the observed risk associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption cannot be explained reasonably by a high consumption among the 83 nonrespondents.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The biomechanical characteristics of the middle ear system measured by a new method. II: Clinical application and normal material.

An instrument for measuring the pressure-volume relationship of the middle ear system was introduced earlier. This paper describes the practical application of the instrument and presents a normal material of 45 healthy young adults. Reflecting a slight increase in pressure in the ear canal during the measuring procedure, a series of curves is obtained, each representing a different position of the tympanic membrane. From these curves the zero curve is defined, representing the zero position of the drum. This curve is used to determine the variables of the pressure-volume relationship of the middle ear system: hysteresis, pressure range, Pec0, and compliance. The variables express objective and dynamic measures of the mechanical properties of the middle ear. The method had an acceptable repeatability and was found to be consistent with earlier investigations. It is easy to perform and causes the subject no discomfort. It is therefore considered useful for further investigation of middle ear physiology and pathophysiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Biomechanical characteristics of the middle ear system measured by a new method. III: Comparisons with tympanometric measurements.

A new method for studying middle ear mechanics is reported in which we measured ear canal pressure changes due to tympanic membrane volume displacements. One feature of this pressure-volume relationship (PVR) is the determination of dynamic compliance of the middle ear system (MES). We found a significant correlation between dynamic compliance expressed by the PVR and static acoustic compliance by tympanometry. Another feature of the PVR was determination of the mechanical zero position of the tympanic membrane (TM) defined in terms of minimum hysteresis, which correlated significantly with the neutral position of the TM determined by tympanometry, but indicates a retracted position of the TM relative to tympanometry. Finally the hysteresis effect of the MES measured with the PVR was compared and found to fall within the range of peak difference found in bidirectional tympanometric recordings, which is also influenced by phase delay and semi-dynamic conditions.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1994

Oral squamous cell cancer in non-users of tobacco and alcohol.

In a well-defined group of 161 consecutive patients with intra-oral squamous cell carcinoma we found 23 non-users of tobacco and alcohol. The non-users in this prospective study were compared with users of tobacco and alcohol in the study, and to a sex- and age-matched control group drawn at random from the Danish Central Citizenry Registration. The users in the patient group represented a significantly higher number than in the control group. As to non-users, women represented a higher number in the patient group compared with the control group. Among users and non-users differences were found in the location of the primary tumour and in the degree of differentiation of the tumour. Haematological status and liver function parameters were different in the two groups. There was no difference in dental or oral hygiene status or risk occupation among the groups. The stage and the course of the disease (corrected survival) showed only insignificant differences. The non-user group contained especially older women, and only one of them had anaemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

The influence of endotoxin upon middle ear fibroblasts cultured in normal middle ear gas and atmospheric air.

Otitis media represents a continuum of inflammatory stages frequently in association with bacteria and/or endotoxin. Furthermore, the disease is often treated with insertion of ventilation tubes, which causes hyperoxia relative to the physiological state in the tympanic cavity. The present study was undertaken to quantitate the interaction between endotoxin and relative hyperoxia in cultures of rabbit middle ear fibroblasts incubated in normal middle ear gas and atmospheric air, respectively. Growth was monitored by determination of DNA, cell protein and cell division. The synthetic activity was estimated by collagen production. The antioxidant defense was determined by measuring the intra-and extracellular concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results demonstrated that hyperoxia significantly impaired the growth of middle ear fibroblasts, which was compensated for by addition of endotoxin stimulating the growth. The collagen synthesis increased significantly in atmospheric air with a synergistic effect of endotoxin. Hyperoxia induced intracellular SOD formation, while endotoxin tended to reduce the synthesis. Finally, exposure to atmospheric air caused significantly larger amounts of reducing agents extracellularly in cultures without endotoxin compared to endotoxin incubated cultures. It is suggested that endotoxin possess both synergistic and antagonistic potential as regards the effects of relative hyperoxia, and that the interaction between endotoxin and hyperoxia may be an important factor in otitis media.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Malignant parotid tumors. Therapeutic results and prognosis in 110 consecutive patients].

The UICC 1987 TNM classification system was used to retrospectively analyze the treatment results and prognostic factors in 110 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated from 1970 to 1986. Treatment consisted of surgery, radiotherapy, or a combination. Malignant mixed tumours were seen in 28% of the patients, mucoepidermoid tumours in 18%, adenoid cystic tumours in 15%, acinic tumours in 13%, undifferentiated tumours in 11%, adenocarcinomas in 10%, and other types in 5%. Ten-year corrected survival was 52%, and significant differences in survival were found between: 1. patients with disease stage I-IV (I: 85%, II: 69%, III: 43%, IV: 14%); 2. those with local tumour extension (34%) and without local tumour extension (79%); 3. patients with facial nerve palsy (0%) and without facial nerve palsy (57%); 4. those with low- or intermediate-grade tumours (69% combined) and those with high-grade malignant tumours (30%). Forty-five percent of the patients were cured after primary treatment, as were an additional 22% of those treated for local or neck node recurrences. It is concluded that there is a good correlation between TNM classification of UICC 1987 (stage and local extension of tumour) and prognosis, and that facial nerve palsy and grade of malignancy are important prognostic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A functional evaluation of patients treated for oral cancer. A prospective study.

The oral function of 81 consecutive patients with intraoral squamous cell carcinoma was assessed at diagnosis and during the follow-up 1-2 years after diagnosis. Patients received either radiotherapy, surgery, or radiotherapy and surgery. Speech function and tongue mobility were better among patients who received radiotherapy alone than among patients treated with surgery or combined therapy. Subjective complaints about mucositis, poor dental status, and loss of teeth were most pronounced among patients who received radiotherapy. Patients with tumor recurrence reported a poorer quality of life and found it more difficult to accept their treatment than patients with successful primary therapy. Patients with stage I tumors, notably patients treated with surgery, felt that their quality of life was good after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Auditory brain stem responses in patients after radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The study evaluated the incidence and severity of brain stem myelopathy occurring after radiation exposure in a cohort of patients who received external radiation exposure for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Brain stem function was investigated by auditory brain stem responses (ABR). RESULTS: Four of 21 patients who could be examined had aberrations in ABR. Three patients showed highly abnormal ABR, with no distinctive patterns or peaks. Two of these patients also showed clinical symptoms of brain stem dysfunction, including multiple palsies in cranial and peripheral nerves, whereas the third patient had no clinical signs of brain stem disorders. The fourth patient had minor conduction delays in ABR. The remaining group of 17 patients who could be examined had ABR latency and transmission times similar to those of the control group. None of these patients had neurologic symptoms. Dose-response analysis showed that patients who received radiation doses of 59 Gy or less to the brain stem had normal ABR, whereas four of six patients who received a dose of 68 Gy had manifest or subclinical brain stem dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: The results emphasize the importance of protecting the brain stem from high-dose radiation when possible. The results also demonstrate the usefulness of ABR as a supplement to the clinical examination of patients with possible myelopathy occurring after radiation exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Malignant parotid tumors in 110 consecutive patients: treatment results and prognosis.

The UICC 1987 classification system was used to retrospectively analyze the treatment results and prognostic factors in 110 consecutive patients. All of the patients had malignant parotid tumors which had been diagnosed and treated during the period from 1970 to 1986. Treatment consisted of surgery, radiotherapy, or a combination. Malignant mixed tumors were seen in 28% of the patients, mucoepidermoid tumors in 18%, adenoid cystic tumors in 15%, acinic tumors in 13%, undifferentiated tumors in 11%, adenocarcinomas in 10%, and other types in 5%. Ten-year corrected survival rate was 52%, and significant differences of survival were found between: 1. patients with disease stages I through IV (I: 85%; II: 69%; III: 43%; IV: 14%); 2. those with local tumor extension (34%) and without local tumor extension (79%); 3. patients with facial nerve palsy (0%) and without facial nerve palsy (57%); and 4. those with low- or intermediate-grade malignant tumors (69% combined) and those with high-grade malignant tumors (30%). After primary treatment, 45% of the patients were cured, and, additionally, 22% were salvaged after local or neck node recurrences. It is concluded that there is a good correlation between TNM classification of UICC 1987 (stage and local extension of tumor) and prognosis, and that facial nerve palsy and grade of malignancy are important prognostic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Sensori-neural hearing loss in patients treated with irradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The present investigation has been carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of the inner ear to irradiation. Cochlear function was tested in a cohort of 22 patients before and 7-84 months after receiving external irradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The pre-irradiation sensori-neural hearing threshold at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz was used as a baseline for the individual patient, and the observed sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL) was calculated as the difference between pre- and post-irradiation values. The pre-irradiation hearing level or patient age was not correlated with the actual SNHL. In contrast, there was a significant correlation between the total radiation dose to the inner ear and the observed hearing impairment. SNHL was most pronounced in the high frequencies, with values up to 35 dB (4000 Hz) and 25 dB (2000 Hz) in some patients. The latent period for the complication appeared to be 12 months or more. The deleterious effect of irradiation on the hearing should be kept in mind both in treatment planning and in the follow-up after radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Acoustic rhinometry used as a method to monitor the effect of intramuscular injection of steroid in the treatment of nasal polyps.

Acoustic rhinometry is a new method which describes the geometry of the nasal cavity and the epipharynx. The method, based on the reflection of an acoustic signal entered into the nasal cavity, can be used to evaluate the cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity as a function of distance from the nostril. The method has, together with nasal expiratory peak flow (NPF) and nasal index based upon a self assessment score, been used to evaluate, in an objective and dynamic way, the effect of systemic treatment of nasal polyps with steroids in a series of eight patients with recurrent nasal polyposis. The study shows a significant relationship between these three parameters before and after systemic treatment of nasal polyps with steroids. It is concluded that in this study acoustic rhinometry had an accurate and objective method for measuring the geometry of the nasal cavity before and after treatment for processes which block the nasal cavity.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1991

Acoustic rhinometry, used as a method to demonstrate changes in the volume of the nasopharynx after adenoidectomy.

Acoustic rhinometry is a method of investigating the geometry of the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx. An acoustic impulse is transferred to the nasal cavity and the reflected signal is analysed expressing the cross-sectional area in the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx as a function of the distance from the nostril. The method provides an accurate and objective measurement of the geometry of the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx in a non-invasive way. In a series of 20 children, age range 4-16 years, it has been possible to demonstrate the changes in the volume of the nasopharynx after adenoidectomy. The relation between the volume of the adenoid and the calculated change of volume in the nasopharynx is found to be proportional and highly significant (P = 0.0005). It is concluded that acoustic rhinometry, which is very easy to perform, gives a reliable, objective measurement of the amount of adenoid tissue in the nasopharynx. The results from these and future studies may help reduce the number of unnecessary adenoidectomies.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1991

Malignant tumours in patients with a history of multiple laryngeal papillomas: the significance of irradiation.

For a period of more than 30 years irradiation was used in the treatment of multiple laryngeal papillomas, especially in children. The treatment was discontinued because a number of irradiated patients developed laryngeal carcinomas. There are however a number of reports of laryngeal and even bronchial carcinomas arising in patients with laryngeal papillomas who had not been irradiated. In addition, HPV type 11 has recently been found in laryngeal papillomas as well as in laryngeal and bronchial carcinomas, subsequently arising in the same patients, both irradiated and non-irradiated. The analysis of a series of 113 patients with laryngeal papillomas has shown that irradiated patients have a 16-fold increased risk of a subsequent carcinoma in the respiratory system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Turbinate hypertrophy. Evaluation of the nasal cavity by acoustic rhinometry.

We used acoustic rhinometry to assess the geometry of the nasal cavity. The cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity as a function of distance from the nostrils was obtained. Seventeen patients with hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate and septal deviations were examined preoperatively and postoperatively; 34 normal subjects served as controls. The cross-sectional area at the anterior part of the nose suggested that skeletal hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate might be expected in the side opposite the main septal deviation. Unilateral inferior turbinoplasty seems advisable.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗