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Biomedical subjects

O Faergeman

Publications and source records attributed to O Faergeman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors among working Danish men 20-59 years of age].

The prevalence of risk factors for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was recorded in 1,365 men aged 20-59 years in active employment. The purpose was to evaluate the implications of a high-risk strategy based on the rather conservative Danish guidelines for treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of various risk factors depends on age, but in all, 1% had diabetes mellitus, 5% had a family history of premature IHD, 50% were smokers, 21% were obese, 12% had systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mmHg, 8% had diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 100 mmHg and 14% had serum cholesterol greater than 7 mmol/l. Only 24% had none of these risk factors and there was a considerable clustering of risk factors in certain subgroups. Approximately 34%, varying from 17% of the younger to 49% of the older, required medical follow-up as part of the high risk strategy. We have estimated the required number of visits to a general practitioner, if all Danish men aged 20-59 years were screened within three years and approximately 30% required follow-up for five years, with three visits in the first year and one thereafter. The number of visits peaks at 450 visits per year during the third year, and a number of circumstances could reduce this figure considerably. Multifactorial models to estimate risk in connection with screening should be adopted to the Danish guidelines for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, and future guidelines for intervention should probably be integrated in such a multifactorial model. To practice preventive medicine, many physicians will need greater knowledge of dietary counselling.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Recommendations for clinical-chemical departments: lipid-lipoprotein analysis].

The section for preventive cardiology within the Danish Society for Cardiology has established a lipid group with representatives from The Danish Society for Clinical Chemistry, The Danish Society for Internal Medicine, The Danish Society for Cardiology, The Danish Society of Hypertension, The Danish College of General Practitioners, and The Danish Paediatric Society. The lipid group has elaborated recommendations for clinical chemical departments regarding lipid and lipoprotein analyses. The group suggests that doctors ordering lipid and lipoprotein analyses are offered the following: S-Cholesterol (total), substance conc., (fPt)S-Triglycerides, substance conc., S-HDL-cholesterol, substance conc., and (fPt)S-LDL-cholesterol, substance conc. (calculated). It is recommended that the biological variation be minimized by sampling in a sitting position after a 15 minutes' rest and by basing the clinical decision on a minimum of 2-3 determinations with an interval of about one month. The analytical variations should be reduced to below 3% (calculated as the variation coefficient), and it is recommended that laboratories participate in external quality control systems at least four times annually by reporting at least two human reference materials with different concentrations. As the use of reference intervals dependent on age and sex, based on random samplings of the background population, are less informative, it is recommended to refer to cutoff values for the clinical decision. The following cutoff values are recommended: S-Cholesterol (total), substance conc.: 6 mmol/l, (fPt)S-Triglycerides, substance conc.; 2.5 mmol/l, S-HDL-cholesterol, substance conc.: 0.9 mmol/l (fPt)-LDL-cholesterol, substance conc. (calculated): 4.5 mmol/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1990

Ischaemic left ventricular failure: evidence of sustained benefit after 18 months' treatment with xamoterol.

The long term effects of treatment with xamoterol in 14 patients aged 44-73 with mild to moderate heart failure as a result of ischaemic heart disease are reported. After 18 months' treatment with xamoterol, patients were assessed in a randomised double blind crossover comparison of xamoterol (200 mg twice a day) and placebo, each given for one month. Compared with placebo, xamoterol significantly increased exercise duration and work done on a bicycle ergometer and reduced the maximum exercise heart rate. Assessment of symptoms and activities at 12 months by visual analogue and Likert scales showed a trend towards the relief of symptoms of breathlessness and tiredness and an improvement in activity. There was an improvement in the clinical signs of heart failure and no haemodynamic deterioration over a 12 month period as assessed by ejection fraction. The improvement in exercise tolerance, symptoms, and activities was sustained for 18 months without side effects or development of tolerance.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1990

Action limits in hyperlipidemia.

One international and numerous national bodies have adopted action limits and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hyperlipidemia. The most publicized are those adopted by the European Atherosclerosis Society and by the National Cholesterol Education Program in the USA. Although differing in details, these guidelines share fairly low action limits based on observational epidemiology demonstrating increasing risk of cardiovascular disease in persons with serum cholesterol concentrations over 4-5 mmol/L. Various national bodies within Europe have adopted similar guidelines. In other countries, higher and therefore more conservative action limits have been proposed. They are primarily based on results of intervention studies. Seemingly small, differences between action limits may encompass a large part of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of dietary proteins on plasma lipoprotein levels in normal subjects: interaction with dietary cholesterol.

We have compared the effects of dietary soy protein and casein in diets low in cholesterol (less than 100 mg/d) and in diets enriched in cholesterol (500 mg/d) to examine whether the level of cholesterol intake affects the response of plasma lipoproteins to dietary proteins of plant and animal origin. Normal men and women consumed formula diets containing 20% of calories as soy protein or casein, 27% as fat and 53% as carbohydrate in 2 crossover studies. The dietary periods lasted for 31 days and were separated by a month-long interim period on self-chosen food. Following an initial reduction of plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels on all diets, the plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations stabilized. On low-cholesterol diets the concentration of each of the major lipoprotein classes were similar during the soy and the casein dietary periods. On cholesterol-enriched diets, the concentration of LDL-C stabilized at a 16% lower level on soy protein than on the casein diet (p less than 0.02), while the concentration of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was 16% higher (p less than 0.01). Since the difference in LDL-C (p less than 0.05) and in HDL-C (p less than 0.025) levels on casein and on soy protein diets were significantly greater on the high than on the low cholesterol intake, the findings indicate that the level of dietary cholesterol may determine whether plant and animal dietary proteins have similar or different effects on plasma LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effect of cimetidine on plasma lipoproteins.

The concentration of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A-I and -B were measured in the plasma of 12 patients with peptic ulcer disease before and after five weeks of treatment with cimetidine. No statistically significant changes were found, but HDL cholesterol and HDL2 cholesterol tended to increase, and VLDL cholesterol and plasma triglycerides tended to decrease. A review of published studies indicates that the data at present are too uncertain to warrant use of cimetidine as a lipoprotein modulating drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Acetylsalicylic acid in the treatment of arterial thromboembolic diseases. 1. Pharmacologic aspects].

The possible antithrombotic potential of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) has been established in recent years and the preparation has been employed extensively in ischaemic cardiac disease and cerebrovascular conditions. The inhibiting effect of ASA on platelet function by means of blocking of cyclo-oxygenase is mentioned and, similarly, the presumed role in thrombosis development and atherogenesis is mentioned. ASA's pharmacokinetics are illustrated with emphasis on optimal anti-thrombotic ASA dosage, in particular, in relation to the effects of the preparation on the thromboxan A2 (TxA2)/prostacyclin (PGI2)-ratio. This is probably best achieved by means of low oral dosage in the form of sustained-release ASA formulation where the inhibition of platelet function probably occurs mainly in the presystemic circulation. It is concluded that a daily dosage of 80-100 mg ASA ensures effective and rapid inhibition of TxA2 production. Administration of 30-50 mg ASA daily results in a corresponding blockage of TxA2 production but not until after treatment for three to four days.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1989

[Acetylsalicylic acid in the treatment of arterial thromboembolytic diseases. 2. Clinical documentation].

A review of the literature is undertaken to account for the current status of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in the treatment of patients with arterial thrombo-embolic conditions. Employment of ASA monotherapy has been documented to be effective in clinically controlled investigations in patients with unstable angina pectoris, transient cerebral ischaemia, coronary by-pass and femoro-popliteal endarterectomy and introduction of vascular prostheses and, in addition, in primary and secondary prophylaxis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In combination with dipyridamol, ASA has been found to be effective in secondary AMI prophylaxis, coronary by-pass operation and in peripheral arteriosclerosis. In patients with cardiac valvular prostheses, conventional anticoagulation therapy must still constitute the basic treatment but dipyridamol may be employed to increase the antithrombotic efficacy of the treatment. The dosage of ASA in the majority of works has been about 1,000 mg daily while isolated investigations have shown good effect from doses as low as 60 mg daily. It appears to be important for the efficacy of the treatment with platelet inhibitors in the above-mentioned conditions that treatment is instituted rapidly and, in connection with operative intervention, preferably preoperatively. In other clinical conditions such as preeclampsia, hypertension in pregnancy, diabetic angiopathy and nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and arterio-venous shunts with haemodialysis, treatment with ASA appears to be effective but documentation in extensive clinically-controlled investigations is not yet available. The duration of treatment with ASA in arterial thrombo-embolic disease does not appear to be illustrated unanimously in the articles published but, as the atherosclerotic lesion is not influenced by ASA, there are indications for life-long therapy.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1989

Digoxin and xamoterol in patients with moderate chronic heart failure. A double-blind, randomized, controlled study.

Xamoterol is a partial beta 1 adrenoceptor agonist with positive inotropic properties. Treatment with xamoterol and digoxin was compared in 19 patients with cardiac failure (NYHA class II-III). The study consisted of a short-term and a long-term phase. The former was a randomized, double-blind, crossover study with 6-week treatment periods. In the 15 patients who completed this phase, there was no significant difference between exercise duration on digoxin and on xamoterol. Exercise duration increased on digoxin by 27% and on xamoterol by 17% relative to baseline. Comparing digoxin and xamoterol, maximum exercise heart rate (p less than 0.001), blood pressure (p less than 0.01), and the pressure-rate product during maximum exercise were significantly lower on xamoterol treatment. The systolic time interval was shorter on digoxin than on xamoterol (p less than 0.001). No changes occurred in the echocardiographic parameters. After the short-term study, 13 patients were followed 3-6 months on the drug to which they had responded best (digoxin 7, xamoterol 6). The results of the short-term study were maintained during this period. In conclusion, we found that xamoterol may be an alternative to digoxin in patients with mild to moderate heart failure.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1989

Soy protein and casein in cholesterol-enriched diets: effects on plasma lipoproteins in normolipidemic subjects.

The effect of dietary plant protein vs animal protein on plasma lipoproteins was investigated in a crossover study. Eleven normal subjects consumed formula diets containing 20% of calories as soy protein or casein, 27% as fat, and 53% as carbohydrate: the average cholesterol intake was 500 mg/d. After an initial decrease in plasma cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on both diets, the concentration of LDL-C stabilized during the soy-protein diet at a 16% lower level than on the casein diet (p less than 0.02) whereas the concentration of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 16% higher (p less than 0.01). In a similar earlier study with a cholesterol intake of less than 100 mg/d, casein and soy protein had indistinguishable effects on lipoprotein levels. Our two studies together suggest that the level of cholesterol intake may determine whether plant and animal dietary proteins have similar or different effects on plasma LDL and HDL concentrations.

Caseins↗
PubMed1989

Long-term efficacy of xamoterol (a beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist) in patients with mild to moderate heart failure.

This study was designed to assess the efficacy of xamoterol in 14 patients with mild to moderate heart failure over a period of 18 months. A beneficial effect on exercise capacity and a lowering of heart rate on exercise was sustained, and ejection fraction did not change, although some deterioration may be expected over this length of time in patients with heart failure. Xamoterol is safe and effective, and its benefits are maintained over at least 18 months.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1989

Acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg and 1000 mg daily in acute myocardial infarction suspects: a placebo-controlled trial.

Of 1078 patients admitted to the coronary care unit with acute chest pain, 293 who had possible acute myocardial infarction and symptoms of median 4 h duration were randomized to treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 100 mg daily, 1000 mg daily or placebo for 3 months. During hospitalization, the combined incidence of cardiac death and non-fatal myocardial infarction on-treatment (withdrawals not included) was significantly lower (P less than 0.02) in the 100 mg group (7.1%) than in both the 1000 mg group (20.8%) and the placebo group (19.7%). During later time periods of treatment and at all time periods analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle (withdrawals included), data suggested the same trend, but differences were not statistically significant. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation and serum thromboxane B2 were reduced to the same degree in the two ASA groups and were normal in the placebo group. The data suggest that low-dose ASA could be cheap and safe as first-aid therapy in myocardial infarction suspects.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1989

Effects of xamoterol, a beta 1 adrenoceptor partial agonist, in patients with ischaemic dysfunction of the left ventricle.

The effects of xamoterol (200 mg twice a day) in 21 patients with left ventricular dysfunction were studied in a double blind, randomised, crossover, placebo controlled trial with treatment periods of four weeks. Most patients had moderate heart failure (New York Heart Association class II), all had ischaemic heart disease, a history of a myocardial infarction, and symptoms of dyspnoea on exertion. Patients were assessed in terms of exercise duration (bicycle ergometer), clinical signs of heart failure, symptoms and activities, and ejection fraction. Xamoterol increased exercise duration (mean (SD] (from 445 (8) seconds to 484 (8) seconds) and ejection fraction (from 41.9 (1.3)% to 46.6 (1.3)%) and reduced the signs and symptoms of heart failure. The results of this study show that xamoterol is a safe and effective treatment for left ventricular dysfunction resulting from ischaemic heart disease.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗