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Biomedical subjects

O Grüner

Publications and source records attributed to O Grüner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Comparison of D2O and ethanol dilutions in total body water measurements in humans.

Total body water was measured by ethanol dilution and D2O stable isotope dilution in a group of 20 healthy volunteers (5 females and 15 males), predominantly 23- to 31-year-old students. Both indicator substances were given orally with an ethanol burden of 0.8 g/kg body weight and a D2O burden of 0.1 g/kg body weight after 12-h food and fluid restriction. This first direct comparison of total body water (TBW) from ethanol and D2O dilutions revealed the ethanol compartments to be smaller than those of D2O. The quotient of TBW (ethanol)/TBW (D2O) was 97.7%, which is the order of the quotient TBW (H2(18)O)/TBW (D2O) ( = 97%), well known from the literature and taken to represent relatively exactly the value of TBW overestimation (based on H/D exchange for acid protons) following D2O dilution [36]. Thus the value of TBW (ethanol) is almost identical to that of H2(18)O, which provides direct evidence that ethanol is distributed only in the body water.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Methanol formation in vitro and in vivo (methanol formation after pectin administration)].

1. In the course of 34 days the detectable methanol concentration in freshly squeezed grapefruit and organ juices as well as in grapefruit and orange juice mixes increased to a maximum level of approximately 600 mg/kg. This increase could already be detected at the beginning of the examination i.e. as early as 1 or 2 days after squeezing the fruit juices. At the beginning of the experiments the methanol concentrations were between 10 and 270 mg/kg. 2. After the consumption of pectin (40 g on one day and 2 x 40 g on two days) blood or serum-methanol values respectively were observed which were clearly above the level of chronic alcohol abuse (10 mg/kg). After the ingestion of ethanol (0.5 g/kg bodyweight) the serum-methanol concentration increased even further.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Experience with electronic breath test devices in the realm of forensic expert assessment].

From january 1990 till may 1992 4,949 cases of BEC-values were compared with BAC-values. A relatively good correspondence turned out between the BEC- and BAC-values in most of the cases, nevertheless in some cases extremely high deviations showed up. Therefore the BEC-values cannot be taken for a sure evidence using the BEC-devices. A reliable inference from BEC-values to the unability of driving or criminal responsibility is not possible at the moment, if the administration of justice wants to keep to the principle "in dubio pro reo" further on.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

[The alcohol method for determining total body water: comparison with heavy water (D2O)].

The determination of Total Body Water (TBW) by means of even dilution of the perorally administered indicator substance ethanol in the TBW-space is successful with a precision which is in direct comparison with other dilution-indicators, even superior that of D2O, which can be considered as a standard indicator substance for TBW. Thus, also indirectly, another proof emerges for the fact that ethanol dissolves exclusively in the body water. Applying the alcohol-method shows that even small changes of a few hundred milliliters of the body water volume, as they appear during the menstruation cycle, are detectable. Even in patients with a terminal renal failure and the risk of pathological water retention of several liters, there is no criterion which might exclude the TBW-determination by means of the dilution of slight quantities of ethanol. Finally, considering the possibility to determine the blood alcohol concentration (after a complete distribution in the TBW-space) with sufficient precision using a breath ethanol analyzer of the latest generation, the possibility emerges to carry out TBW-determination in patients and volunteers essentially noninvasive.

Body Water↗
PubMed1992

[Current status of forensic breath alcohol analysis].

1) As long as the requirements mentioned in the expert opinion of the BGA concerning the analyzers and measuring systems are not fulfilled, the measuring results can only be used as pretest results. At the present time there are not any analyzers available on the world market, which fulfill all requirements! 2) Even if all requirements would be fulfilled, there still arise many doubts concerning the actual probative force of breath alcohol analysis. They are essentially based on inadequate knowledge of physiological and pathological influences. 3) If presuppositions mentioned under 1) and 2) are disregarded, it should be possible to lay down analogic results from the BAK-limits to breathalcohol concentrations, but problems will always appear, if conversions to another time (than the analysis time) or comparisons with BAK-values are to be effected. The dimension and their difficulties for the forensic and legal expert opinion are not yet in sight.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1992

[Parallels in blood alcohol and breath alcohol border values and sequelae of "double track" forensic assessment].

This paper deals with the regulation of fixing two limiting values, i.e. an BrAC-dangerous limiting value ("AAK-Gefahrengrenzwert") and an absolute BrAC-value ("absoluter AAK-Grenzwert") according to the BAC-limiting values for the purposes of the forensic appraisement. It is referred to the uneven treatment of alcoholized road-users and to the partly unsolvable difficulties for the calculation with the WIDMARK-values.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

[Quality assurance of blood alcohol determination].

There are many statistical problems connected with the reduced safety increase (BGH 4 StR 297/90). They are discussed in detail and point out the importance of quality assurance whose practical procedure should be regulated in a new prescription of the methods used for blood alcohol determination.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

[Forensic value of analytic results from less than 5 (4) blood alcohol values of a blood sample].

1. If the material for blood-alcohol examinations is insufficient under the existing regulations (specification in the GUTACHTEN DES BUNDESGESUNDHEITSAMTES) it is possible to determine the mean value almost certainly, estimating the confidence-interval. This mean value can be taken as basis of the opinion with regard to safe driving. 2. The proposed statistical procedure is described and compared with other suggested calculations. 3. Testing the proposed procedure by means of 1,426 real data, the usefulness of the proposed calculation is shown.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

[Modification of Alcomat breath alcohol measurements by various substances of routine use (mouthwash, perfume, after-shave lotion etc].

This paper presents the reliability of the "BAC-values" (AAKB) at the application and consumption of substances of daily usage, ascertained with the help of the "Alcomat". Hereby it was found that especially at the application of preparations for the mouth- and throat-hygiene like toilet lotion values of max. 0.30% had to be taken into consideration, even if there was no "alimentary" alcohol existing in the blood.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

[Identification in forensic medicine--significance and proof value].

Strictly speaking, identity in forensic identification can--if need be--be established by the evidence of living persons. Otherwise, the entire identity can only be determined by assessing the individual parts of the corpse, whereby the different characteristics of the objects of examination have a different probative force, according to the frequency of their occurrence. In skull identification, by taking soft tissue thickness into consideration, with the help of modern photographic or electronical super projection processes, so many (theoretical) points of comparison come to the fore, that, in most cases, identity is evident due to the numerous agreeable reference points, which are apparent in suitable, comparable material (photographs).

Autopsy↗
PubMed1989

[Alcohol intoxicated female drivers in Schleswig-Holstein between 1977 and 1987].

This paper reports data on frequency of blood alcohol analyses of female drivers between the years 1977-1987 in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, West. A comparison between the male and female drivers during the same period is made. Since the year 1980 the increase of traffic offences as well as general rise of other offences by alcoholized females was observed. Statistical data refering to day, hour, reason for the taking of blood sample, possible influence of taking medicaments and illness have been evaluated.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1986

[Sudden cardiac death following psychoemotional stress].

Sudden death from cardiac arrest is described, which occurred after a minor accident. Morphologically, a coronary change was found in the sense of "juvenile coronary atherosclerosis" in connection with intramural bleeding postmortem. As there were no injuries in connection with the accident but psychoemotional stress had occurred, it is concluded that affective resonance resulting from the accident initiated the death. The pathological and pathophysiological relationships are discussed.

Accidents, Traffic↗