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Biomedical subjects

O H Kim

Publications and source records attributed to O H Kim.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

A qualitative analysis of brain SPECT for prognostication of gross motor development in children with cerebral palsy.

PURPOSE: In this report, the authors assessed the clinical significance of decreased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the thalamus or cerebellar hemispheres in relation to gross motor performance in the children with cerebral palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP) underwent brain SPECT. Visual analysis was used for the brain SPECT interpretation. The rCBF in the thalamus or cerebellum was graded as normal, mildly decreased, or severely decreased. A marked decrease or near absence of rCBF in the thalamus or cerebellum was considered as severely decreased. RESULTS: All 36 children with BSCP had hypoperfusion in the thalamus or cerebellar hemispheres. Eight of 20 children (40%) with mildly decreased rCBF on brain SPECT had mild developmental delays. On the other hand, only 1 of 16 children (6.3%) with severe hypoperfusion in the thalamus or cerebellum had a mild developmental delay, and the remaining 15 of 16 children (93.8%) had severe developmental delays. There was good correlation between the degree of developmental delay and the severity of hypoperfusion in the thalamus or cerebellum (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION: The measurement of rCBF by Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer brain SPECT appears to be valuable in prognostication of gross motor development in children with BSCP.

Brain↗
PubMed1999

Glucocorticoid receptor-induced down-regulation of MMP-9 by ginseng components, PD and PT contributes to inhibition of the invasive capacity of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells.

We examined the effects of the purified ginseng components, panaxadiol (PD) and panaxatriol (PT), on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in highly metastatic HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line. A significant down-regulation of MMP-9 by PD and PT was detected by Northern blot analysis. However, the expression of MMP-2 was not changed by treatment with PD and PT. Quantitative gelatin based zymography confirmed a markedly reduced expression of MMP-9, but not MMP-2 in the treatment of PD and PT. To investigate whether the reduced level of MMP-9 by PD and PT affects the invasive capacity of HT1080 cells, we conducted an in vitro invasion assay with PD and PT treated cells. The results of the in vitro invasion assay revealed that PD and PT reduced tumor cell invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane in the transwell chamber. Because of the similarity of chemical structure between PD, PT and dexamethasone (Dexa), a synthetic glucocorticoid, we investigated whether the down-regulation of MMP-9 by PD and PT were mediated by the nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Increased GR in the nucleus of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells treated by PD and PT was detected by immunocytochemistry. Western blot and gel retardation assays confirmed the increase of GR in the nucleus after treatment with PD and PT. These results suggest that GR-induced down-regulation of MMP-9 by PD and PT contributes to reduce the invasive capacity of HT1080 cells.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1999

Anti-tumor promoting potential of naturally occurring diarylheptanoids structurally related to curcumin.

In recent years, there have been considerable efforts to search for naturally occurring substances for intervention of carcinogenesis. Many components from medicinal or dietary plants have been identified to possess potential chemopreventive properties. For instance, curcumin, a yellow colouring agent from turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn., Zingiberaceae) has been shown to inhibit tumor formation in diverse animal models. Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel that also belongs to ginger family has been used in oriental herbal medicine. In the present work, we have evaluated the anti-tumor promoting potential of yakuchinone A (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-7-phenyl-3-heptanone) and yakuchinone B (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-7-phenylhept-1-en-3-one), major pungent ingredients of A. oxyphylla. Thus, topical application of yakuchinone A or B significantly suppressed TPA-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity. They also reduced TPA-stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cultured human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. Both compounds blunted the TPA-induced superoxide generation in differentiated HL-60 cells in a concentration-related manner and also inhibited lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. Furthermore, yakuchinone A and yakuchinone B nullified the activation of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) in immortalized mouse fibroblast cells in culture. These findings indicate that pungent diarylheptanoids from A. oxyphylla have anti-tumor promotional properties that can contribute to their chemopreventive potential.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1997

Atypical skeletal changes in otopalatodigital syndrome type II: phenotypic overlap among otopalatodigital syndrome type II, boomerang dysplasia, atelosteogenesis type I and type III, and lethal male phenotype of Melnick-Needles syndrome.

We report on 2 cases of otopalatodigital syndrome type II (OPD II) with atypical skeletal changes, overlapping those of boomerang dysplasia, atelosteogenesis type I (AO I) and type III (AO III), and the lethal male phenotype of Melnick-Needles syndrome. One patient exhibited strikingly broad, bowed femora, which resembled those of boomerang dysplasia. The other patient possessed conspicuous undertubulation of the long bones, defective ossification of the spine, and severe undermineralization of the calvaria, which may have caused diagnostic confusion with AO I, AO III, and the lethal male phenotype of Melnick-Needles syndrome. OPD II is transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait, whereas AO I, AO III, and boomerang dysplasia are considered to result from a new dominant mutation, and Melnick-Needles syndrome is inherited as an X-linked dominant trait. Accordingly, differential diagnosis is mandatory to provide the affected families with adequate genetic counseling. Awareness of these skeletal changes in OPD II will prevent the misdiagnosis of this entity as other disorders. Furthermore, the phenotypic overlap among these disorders may expand the entities that constitute the OPD-Larsen dysplasia family proposed by Spranger [1985].

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1997

Conformational properties of the A-state of cytochrome c studied by hydrogen/deuterium exchange and electrospray mass spectrometry.

Hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange studies that were monitored by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESIMS) were used to obtain a structural description of the compact acid-denatured state of ferricytochrome c (A-state). Due to the very different solvent conditions necessary to generate the nonnative states, it was essential that after deuterium labeling the nonnative states were refolded to the native state to insure high reproducibility during sample preparation and LC-ESIMS analysis. Approximately 30% lower deuterium was found incorporated in the A-state compared to the acid-denatured (UA) state. The analysis of the width of the mass peak suggests that the distribution of conformers sampled in the A-state was relatively narrow and that the compactness of the A-state was much closer to that of the native state than to the acid-denatured state. The LC-ESIMS study of partially deuterium-labeled peptic fragments derived from the A-state conformer generated under H/D quenching conditions were interpreted in terms of a significant loss of structural integrity within amino acid region 22-46.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1997

Intracranial and extracranial MR angiography in Menkes disease.

We report a case of Menkes disease in which brain MR imaging and MR angiography (MRA) were performed. In addition to minimal brain atrophy, severe intracranial and extracranial vascular tortuosity was demonstrated on head and neck MRA. Additional neck MRA was useful in evaluating the extent of the extracranial vascular abnormality in Menkes disease.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1997

Axial spondylometaphyseal dysplasia.

UNLABELLED: We present a previously undescribed skeletal dysplasia characterized by mild platyspondyly, small thorax with cupping of the anterior ends of the ribs, irregular proximal femoral metaphyses, and lacy appearance of the iliac wings. Two of the three cases were siblings. Retinitis pigmentosa and optic atrophy are associated findings. CONCLUSION: We describe a new type of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD) and propose the name axial SMD.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1995

Imaging of the choledochal cyst.

Choledochal cysts are rare and usually manifest in infancy and childhood. They are considered congenital because they occur in fetuses and neonates. Their origin may be related to an abnormal connection between the pancreatic duct and common bile duct and chronic reflux of pancreatic juice into the bile duct, resulting in irritation of the duct and subsequent dilatation. Choledochal cysts appear as cystic or fusiform dilatation of the common bile duct at radiography. Ultrasonography is the best initial method of evaluating dilatation of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. Computed tomography is considered to be more accurate in delineating the intrahepatic biliary tree. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy with technetium-99m disofenin provides physiologic information on hepatic uptake and accumulation of radionuclide in the dilated biliary tree. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, and intraoperative cholangiography are definitive studies that demonstrate anatomic details of the biliary tree and the pancreaticobiliary ductal junction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of primary omental origin in an infant.

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma occurring in an infant is presented. The primary location of the tumor was in the omentum. Sonography showed huge, lobulated echogenic masses with cystic areas. CT demonstrated heterogeneously enhancing masses with central cystic and necrotic areas. This very unusual occurrence of a tumor in infancy with an intraabdominal location is described and the radiographic imaging is presented.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Postnatal growth of fetus-in-fetu.

A 6-month-old-boy who presented with an abdominal mass disclosed a well-formed fetus in the retroperitoneum. This mass was retrospectively noted at the age of 1 month. Comparison of two radiographic examinations done 5 month apart clearly demonstrated the enlargement of an included fetus in the bearer's abdomen. Our report of this rare condition focuses on the growth of the fetus-in-fetu detected by roentgenograms.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1992

Pulmonary nocardiosis manifested as miliary nodules in a neonate--a case report.

A case of pulmonary nocardiosis in a 18-day-old neonate is presented. The chest roentgenograms demonstrated the widespread nodularities, mimicking miliary tuberculosis. Nocardiosis is rare in childhood but should be included in the differential diagnosis of the disseminated nodularities seen in the chest roentgenogram.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

Use of film duplicator to lighten dark radiographs.

The authors introduce a simple technique for lightening overexposed or overdeveloped dark radiographs. With the technique, an increase of exposure time in film duplicator allows production of duplicate radiographs with an appropriate tone. With this manipulation, image details are greatly improved, and the original radiograph is not damaged.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Calcium-induced weakening of Z-disks in postmortem skeletal muscle.

The reaction mechanism of calcium ion in the postmortem weakening of Z-disks was studied in myofibrils prepared from fresh or stored muscles. The alpha-actinin content in myofibrils remained almost unchanged within 10 days postmortem, showing very limited proteolysis of myofibrils during postmortem storage of muscles at 10 degrees C. The postmortem weakening of Z-disks was markedly dependent on muscle pH, showing a minimum at pH 6.5. These results agree well with the calcium-induced weakening of Z-disks of freshly isolated myofibrils, indicating that no protease participates in the postmortem weakening of Z-disks. Z-Disks of myofibrils prepared from stored muscles split into halves after treatment with 0.1 N NaOH for 5 min. The identical splitting of Z-disks was induced by a calcium ion concentration of 10(-4)M, which is of the same order of magnitude as that in the sarcoplasm in postmortem muscle. We therefore conclude that the postmortem weakening of Z-disks is non-enzymatically induced by the raised sarcoplasmic calcium ion concentration of 10(-4) M. Calcium ions probably solubilize the amorphous cementing material of Z-disks, leaving unchanged the two sets of Z filaments composed of alpha-actinin.

Actinin↗
PubMed1987

Pinhole collimator scintigraphy in differential diagnosis of metastasis, fracture, and infections of the spine.

The informational gains obtained by the use of pinhole collimator scintigraphy (PCS) have been well documented. The present study has been undertaken to prospectively investigate its efficacy in diagnosing several commonly occurring spinal diseases. Patient material consisted of metastatic cancer (39 vertebrae), compression fractures (33 vertebrae), tuberculous spondylitis (17 vertebrae), and pyogenic spondylitis (six vertebrae). PCS findings were characterized in terms of localization, appearance, and homogeneity of abnormal radionuclide accumulation. Thus, metastatic cancer manifested as diffusely or focally homogeneous accumulation within the vertebral body or as a typical short-segmental accumulation along the end-plate, whereas compression fracture manifested as characteristic board-like accumulation along the entire length of end-plates. Tuberculous spondylitis, on the other hand, revealed homogeneous accumulation throughout the vertebral body, and pyogenic spondylitis revealed accumulation at the end-zone of opposing vertebral bodies giving sandwich-like appearance. The disk space at the affected level was not narrowed in the former two diseases but it was narrowed in the latter two. It was concluded that PCS may be useful in differentiating metastatic cancer, compression fracture, tuberculous spondylitis, and pyogenic spondylitis.

Adult↗