Myocarditis caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) and sudden unexpected death in a Swedish elite orienteer.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
O Lindquist
Publications and source records attributed to O Lindquist.
[Clear connection between gun ownership and suicide. 92 per cent of attempts result in death].
In a retrospective study involving 20 police districts in Sweden, 348 completed or attempted suicides with firearms were found to have occurred during the period, 1976-88. Statistics on civilian firearms ownership were obtained from police authorities. Firearm suicide was found to be significantly correlated to gun ownership, through the 25 per cent increase in gun ownership during the period was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in the overall suicide rate. The head was the primary target in suicide attempts, both with longarms (rifles and shotguns) and with handguns (pistols and revolvers). Handgun injuries were more common among the survivors. Only 4.6 per cent of the victims survived and could be discharged from hospital. Nearly 10 per cent of those using shotguns or rifles used a string, a rod or their toes to reach the trigger; all of them died. Apart from such well-known predisposing factors such as psychiatric disorders or alcohol abuse that were present in 43 per cent of cases, 24 per cent of the victims were found to have had somatic problems instead.
Adolescent↗
The population study of women in Gothenburg 1980-81--the third phase of a longitudinal study. Comparison between participants and non-participants.
A representative population sample comprising 1,462 women was studied in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1968-69, and a third follow-up study was carried out in 1980-81. The participation rates in the baseline study and during the follow-up studies were high. In 1980-81 women in two new age strata, aged 26 and 38, were added. Women who had moved to or from Gothenburg during the study period were not found to differ from those who were living in Gothenburg during the total study period, while there were a few differences of statistical significance between refusers and participants in 1980-81. The mortality among initial refusers was about doubled compared to that of those who participated in the baseline study.
Adult↗
Bone mineral content in normally menstruating women with hyperprolactinaemia.
Decreased bone density has been reported in women with hyperprolactinaemia due to pituitary tumours. We identified a number of seemingly healthy women with hyperprolactinaemia, i.e. a serum prolactin concentration exceeding 500 mU/l (25 micrograms/l) on three occasions, during a study in 1980/1981 of a representative population sample of greater than 1,400 women in seven different age strata (range 26-72 years). We compared vertebral bone mineral content and bone mineral areal content in 5 hyperprolactinaemic normally menstruating 50-year-old women with that of 6 controls matched for age and menstrual status but found no difference. Since the degree of prolactin elevation was similar in our study group to that previously reported for hyperprolactinaemic subjects with pituitary tumours and the time of exposure to raised hormone concentration appears to be of the same magnitude, other hormonal changes than hyperprolactinaemia per se seem to be the cause of low bone mineral content in women with hyperprolactinaemia and amenorrhoea.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase in a Swedish female population. Age-related reference intervals; morbidity and prognosis in cases with raised catalytic concentration.
We determined the catalytic concentration of gamma-glutamyltransferase in serum from a population sample of 1408 women in seven age strata between 26 and 72 years. The range in healthy individuals for the different age groups was found to increase with age with a maximum of the central 0.95 fractile interval at 58 years (0.17-1.68 microk/l). The serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity correlated with body mass index, blood pressure and concentrations of blood glucose and serum ferritin, triglycerides and cholesterol. During follow-up of women with gamma-glutamyltransferase activity greater than 1.20 microk/l, no woman developed any disease possibly related to the original finding of raised serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, several individuals being apparently healthy. Apparently, the serum gamma-glutamyltransferase assay is an unspecific indicator of several metabolic abnormalities. High values may be found in individuals in whom all commonly done investigations have given results within the health-associated reference interval.
Adult↗
Smoking--a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women? Considerations based on a prospective population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.
A longitudinal population study of 1462 women aged 38-60 was carried out in Gothenburg, Sweden during 1968-69. The participants have been followed up for 12 years. The relationships between smoking and cardiovascular disease and between smoking and mortality have been evaluated. No significant increased risk was observed for smoking women concerning the 12-year incidence of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, electrocardiographic changes suggesting ischaemic heart disease, stroke or death from all causes. Multivariate analysis could not demonstrate an independent effect of the cigarette smoking habit in women on these end-points. In agreement with the results from the Framingham prospective study we could not in our prospective study verify the markedly increased risk of myocardial infarction in smoking women, which has been observed in a number of cross-sectional studies of women and also in prospective studies of men.
Adult↗
Prognosis for women with different symptoms and signs suggesting ischaemic heart disease--a 12-year follow-up. The population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.
A longitudinal population study of a total of 1462 women aged 38-60 was carried out in 1968-69 in Gothenburg, Sweden. The women have been re-studied in 1974-75 and 1980-81. The incidences of myocardial infarction during the following 12-year period were: three of 29 women with a history of angina pectoris (10%), four of 23 women with initial ECG changes at rest (17%) and one of 30 with ECG changes during work (3%). In addition, all women of similar age in Gothenburg with myocardial infarction during the years 1968-70 have been followed-up with respect to mortality, and in all there were 47 women who were alive on arrival at hospital. The figures for the 12-year overall mortality in the population study were: three women with angina pectoris (10%), four women with ECG changes at rest (17%) and three women with ECG changes during work (10%) and in the series of women with myocardial infarction 21 of 47 (45%). It seemed that the mortality among women with a history of angina pectoris or ECG changes at rest or during exercise indicating ischaemic heart disease was only slightly increased, if at all, compared to other women in the population, while having had a myocardial infarction significantly increased the mortality risk.
Adult↗
Triglycerides--main lipid risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women?
A 12-year longitudinal population study of 1462 women, aged 38-60, was carried out in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1968-69. Women with high initial serum triglyceride values had a higher 12-year incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke and total mortality than the others. The findings for serum triglycerides persisted for myocardial infarction, stroke and total mortality after adjustment for other possible risk factors for ischaemic heart disease such as age, systolic blood pressure, smoking, indices of obesity and serum cholesterol, while serum cholesterol did not predict any end-points studied when taking other risk factors including serum triglycerides into account.
Adult↗
Blood glucose, glucose tolerance and manifest diabetes in relation to cardiovascular disease and death in women. A 12-year follow-up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.
A longitudinal population study of 1462 women, aged 38-60, was carried out in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1968-69. Women with initially manifest diabetes mellitus had significantly increased 12-year incidence of myocardial infarction and increased mortality while no increased incidence of angina pectoris, ECG changes indicating ischaemic heart disease or stroke was observed. The association to myocardial infarction remained in multivariate analyses and was independent of age, body fat distribution, smoking, serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. The association to mortality was independent of these factors and also of serum triglycerides. Women who were diagnosed as "new diabetics" during the 12-year follow-up had a significantly increased 12-year incidence of myocardial infarction but no significant increase was observed for any of the other end-points studied. When women with initially manifest diabetes mellitus were excluded, no association was found between initial fasting blood glucose concentration and the end-points studied. A negative significant association was found between initial fasting blood glucose concentration and smoking.
Adult↗
Menopausal age and risk of cardiovascular disease and death. A 12-year follow-up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.
A longitudinal population study of 1462 women initially aged 38-60 has been proceeding in Gothenburg, Sweden since 1968. The results presented in this paper deal with menopausal age in relation to cardiovascular disease and overall mortality and refer to the initial 12-year follow-up period. The risk ratios concerning early menopausal age for all the various cardiovascular end-points studied were increased, except for new events of ECG changes suggestive of ischaemic heart disease. However, none of the risk ratios studied between menopausal age on the one hand and the 12-year incidences of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, or stroke, on the other, was significantly increased when women who had reached the menopause at the age of 40, 45, or 50 were compared with the rest of the participants in the population study. When early menopause was related to the overall mortality, the risk ratio was increased only for women who had reached the menopause at the age of 50, but not sufficiently to be statistically significant. When reviewing the literature, it is obvious that the results from previous studies are discrepant and do not permit of any generalized conclusion as to whether there is a correlation between early menopause and ischaemic heart disease or not. Nor is our longitudinal study conclusive in this respect.
Adult↗
Relationships between the menopause and risk factors for ischaemic heart disease.
There are still contradictory opinions as to whether there is an association between menopausal age and ischaemic heart disease or not. There is, however, no doubt about the existence of a number of relationships between menstrual status and different risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. Thus, smoking will give rise to an earlier menopause, while the menopause will give rise to increased serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels but seems to influence arterial blood pressure and body weight in the opposite way. The relationships between the menopause and risk factors for ischaemic heart disease are complex, which may be one reason for the contradictory results when relating menopausal age to the incidence of ischaemic heart disease.
Blood Pressure↗
Do antihypertensive drugs precipitate diabetes?
A longitudinal population study of 1462 women aged 38-60 was carried out from 1968-9 to 1980-1 in Gothenburg, Sweden. The initial and follow up examinations included questions concerning history of diabetes and antihypertensive treatment. A considerably increased risk of developing diabetes was observed for subjects with hypertension taking diuretics (895 patient years), subjects taking beta blockers (682 patient years), and subjects taking a combination of diuretics and beta blockers (281 patient years) compared with subjects not taking antihypertensive drugs (13 855 control years). When diuretics and beta blockers were compared no difference was found in relative risk. Despite this increased risk, and because little is known about the relation between other forms of antihypertensive treatment and diabetes, diuretics and beta blockers should remain the treatments of choice in arterial hypertension.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Serum levels of digoxin in sudden cardiac deaths.
Digoxin was determined in postmortem serum samples from 100 patients who died suddenly of cardiac disease. Twenty patients had digoxin levels below the therapeutic range. Twenty-one patients had normal values within the therapeutic range (1.2-2.5 nmol/l). In ten cases there was probably an overdosage. Another 15 patients had markedly elevated levels. No digoxin concentration was found (below 0.5 nmol/l) in 34 patients. The importance of determination of digoxin levels both by the clinician and the pathologist is stressed as well as the necessity of using a correct sampling technique at autopsy.
Aged↗
Serum triiodothyronine and hyperthyroidism in a population sample of women.
The serum T3 assay has been regarded as the most sensitive single test for hyperthyroidism although impaired conversion of T4 to T3 in non-thyroidal illness (NTI) might decrease its diagnostic sensitivity. The present report gives experience from the T3 assay in middle-aged females under conditions similar to those in a general health survey. The assays were performed during two periods with an interval of six years. In 1974-75 we studied a representative sample (n = 1283) of women of ages 44, 52, 56, 60 and 66 years in Göteborg, Sweden. Individuals with serum T3 concentration greater than mean + 2.5 SD were selected for a follow-up study (n = 21). Of 16 individuals with no previous thyroid disease and no present treatment with thyroid hormones or oestrogens, 14 were subjected to a TRH-stimulation test giving a normal TSH response in 10 cases having T3 concentrations up to mean + 3.5 SD. Four women with serum T3 concentration greater than or equal to mean + 3.5 SD had previously unrecognized autonomous function thyroid function, of whom two developed hyperthyroidism after two years. The original population sample was reinvestigated after six years in 1980-81 (n = 1138) together with an additional sample of women giving a total sample of 1422 women of ages 26, 38, 50, 58, 62, 66 and 72 years. Of the females studied in 1974-75 eight had developed hyperthyroidism between the two studies; three of these had raised serum T3 at the investigation in 1974-75. No case of hyperthyroidism had been missed by the T3 assay in the 1974-75 study. Of individuals with serum T3 greater than or equal to mean + 2.5 SD selected for a follow-up (n = 29) at least five were found to have previously unrecognized thyroid autonomy. We found a raised serum T3 to be associated with hyperthyroid (n = 2) and euthyroid Graves' disease, autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma(s), possible painless subacute thyroiditis, possible thyrotoxicosis factitia, diminished thyroid reserve and thyroid substitution therapy.
Adult↗
Fatal aplastic anaemia associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis.
A 21-yr-old woman developed aplastic anaemia 10 weeks after an episode of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Supportive treatment was given but she progressively deteriorated and died about 7 months after the onset of aplasia.
Adult↗
Morbidity and mortality in relation to blood pressure and antihypertensive treatment. A 12-year follow-up study of a population sample of Swedish women.
Morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and total mortality have been studied in a longitudinal population study initially comprising 1462 women representative of the general female population. When related to the initial blood pressure (BP) levels of women not on antihypertensive drugs (hypertensives and non-hypertensives), the distributions of women with myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke during the 12-year follow-up period seemed to be U-shaped, with the highest incidences in women with the lowest and the highest BP levels. Women recognized as untreated hypertensives in the initial study were offered regular control by the study team during the whole 12-year period and were treated when treatment was considered indicated. They were found to be similar to the non-hypertensives with regard to the incidence of MI and stroke and total mortality. Our encouraging results may be explained by continuity of medical care, the antihypertensive treatment per se or the types of antihypertensive drugs administered.
Adult↗
Changes in bone mineral content of the axial skeleton in relation to aging and the menopause. Results from a longitudinal population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.
Patterns of bone loss in the axial skeleton have been studied in a sample of Swedish women participating in a longitudinal population study which was started in 1968. In 1976, the mineral content of the lumbar spine (predominantly trabecular bone) was measured in vivo in 130 women by dual photon absorptiometry. Premenopausal or recently postmenopausal women were compared with women of identical age who had been postmenopausal for a long time. The first group was found to have significantly higher values of bone mineral content. Five years later, in 1981, the same women were re-examined with identical techniques. A slight decrease in bone mineral content with age was found in postmenopausal women. The findings were mostly in agreement with those of the first cross-sectional study, with bigger differences in bone mineral content between women of different menstrual status than between women of different age. In addition, the lower values in women with early menopause compared to those with late menopause remained in spite of increasing age.
Aged↗
Intraindividual changes of blood pressure, serum lipids, and body weight in relation to menstrual status: results from a prospective population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden.
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Adult↗