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Biomedical subjects

O Lindquist

Publications and source records attributed to O Lindquist.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Serum levels of digoxin in sudden cardiac deaths.

Digoxin was determined in postmortem serum samples from 100 patients who died suddenly of cardiac disease. Twenty patients had digoxin levels below the therapeutic range. Twenty-one patients had normal values within the therapeutic range (1.2-2.5 nmol/l). In ten cases there was probably an overdosage. Another 15 patients had markedly elevated levels. No digoxin concentration was found (below 0.5 nmol/l) in 34 patients. The importance of determination of digoxin levels both by the clinician and the pathologist is stressed as well as the necessity of using a correct sampling technique at autopsy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Serum triiodothyronine and hyperthyroidism in a population sample of women.

The serum T3 assay has been regarded as the most sensitive single test for hyperthyroidism although impaired conversion of T4 to T3 in non-thyroidal illness (NTI) might decrease its diagnostic sensitivity. The present report gives experience from the T3 assay in middle-aged females under conditions similar to those in a general health survey. The assays were performed during two periods with an interval of six years. In 1974-75 we studied a representative sample (n = 1283) of women of ages 44, 52, 56, 60 and 66 years in Göteborg, Sweden. Individuals with serum T3 concentration greater than mean + 2.5 SD were selected for a follow-up study (n = 21). Of 16 individuals with no previous thyroid disease and no present treatment with thyroid hormones or oestrogens, 14 were subjected to a TRH-stimulation test giving a normal TSH response in 10 cases having T3 concentrations up to mean + 3.5 SD. Four women with serum T3 concentration greater than or equal to mean + 3.5 SD had previously unrecognized autonomous function thyroid function, of whom two developed hyperthyroidism after two years. The original population sample was reinvestigated after six years in 1980-81 (n = 1138) together with an additional sample of women giving a total sample of 1422 women of ages 26, 38, 50, 58, 62, 66 and 72 years. Of the females studied in 1974-75 eight had developed hyperthyroidism between the two studies; three of these had raised serum T3 at the investigation in 1974-75. No case of hyperthyroidism had been missed by the T3 assay in the 1974-75 study. Of individuals with serum T3 greater than or equal to mean + 2.5 SD selected for a follow-up (n = 29) at least five were found to have previously unrecognized thyroid autonomy. We found a raised serum T3 to be associated with hyperthyroid (n = 2) and euthyroid Graves' disease, autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma(s), possible painless subacute thyroiditis, possible thyrotoxicosis factitia, diminished thyroid reserve and thyroid substitution therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Morbidity and mortality in relation to blood pressure and antihypertensive treatment. A 12-year follow-up study of a population sample of Swedish women.

Morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and total mortality have been studied in a longitudinal population study initially comprising 1462 women representative of the general female population. When related to the initial blood pressure (BP) levels of women not on antihypertensive drugs (hypertensives and non-hypertensives), the distributions of women with myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke during the 12-year follow-up period seemed to be U-shaped, with the highest incidences in women with the lowest and the highest BP levels. Women recognized as untreated hypertensives in the initial study were offered regular control by the study team during the whole 12-year period and were treated when treatment was considered indicated. They were found to be similar to the non-hypertensives with regard to the incidence of MI and stroke and total mortality. Our encouraging results may be explained by continuity of medical care, the antihypertensive treatment per se or the types of antihypertensive drugs administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changes in bone mineral content of the axial skeleton in relation to aging and the menopause. Results from a longitudinal population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Patterns of bone loss in the axial skeleton have been studied in a sample of Swedish women participating in a longitudinal population study which was started in 1968. In 1976, the mineral content of the lumbar spine (predominantly trabecular bone) was measured in vivo in 130 women by dual photon absorptiometry. Premenopausal or recently postmenopausal women were compared with women of identical age who had been postmenopausal for a long time. The first group was found to have significantly higher values of bone mineral content. Five years later, in 1981, the same women were re-examined with identical techniques. A slight decrease in bone mineral content with age was found in postmenopausal women. The findings were mostly in agreement with those of the first cross-sectional study, with bigger differences in bone mineral content between women of different menstrual status than between women of different age. In addition, the lower values in women with early menopause compared to those with late menopause remained in spite of increasing age.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

On metabolic effects of diuretics and beta-blockers. Results from a cross-sectional and longitudinal population study of women.

A population sample of women in Göteborg, Sweden, was studied in 1968-69 and restudied in 1974-75. A number of metabolic variables could be studied cross-sectionally (in 1974-75) and longitudinally (intraindividual changes between 1968-69 and 1974-75). When studied cross-sectionally, increased serum urate concentrations were observed in women on diuretics and increased serum triglycerides in women on beta-blockers, compared to other women, while no obvious differences were found in blood glucose and serum cholesterol concentrations or in packed red cell volume (PCV). When studied longitudinally, a slight decrease in serum triglyceride concentration was found in women who started to take diuretics and an increase in women who started to beta-blockers compared to other women. Serum urate concentration tended to increase in women who started to take diuretics and PCV tended to decrease in women who started to take beta-blockers. Blood glucose was unimpaired. In conclusion, the differences observed were rather small and seemed to be rather unimportant compared to the threat presented by the arterial hypertension itself.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1982

Influence of the menopause on ischaemic heart disease and its risk factors and on bone mineral content.

A comprehensive population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden, was carried out in 1968-69. Altogether 1462 women participated (participation rate 90.1%). Five age strata were studied, i.e. women born in 1930, 1922, 1918, 1914 and 1908. The same women were restudied in 1974-1975 (participation rate 80.3% of the initial sample and 89.1% of those participating in 1968-69). In addition, a study of bone density, using photon absorptiometry, was carried out in a systematic subsample in 1976. The median age at natural menopause in the population sample was found to be 50 years and 3 months. About 5% of women aged 44 or more had stopped menstruating after hysterectomy and a similar proportion were postmenopausal as a consequence of bilateral oophorectomy. Information is also given about the percentages of the women receiving oestrogens either as substitution therapy or as oral contraceptives. Different factors influencing the age at menopause are discussed. Smoking was found to be one of the most important of these. The influence of the menopause on ischaemic heart disease and its risk factors has been studied both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The most striking differences were found for serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides, with higher values in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal of the same ages. For bone mineral content, higher values were observed in premenopausal or recently postmenopausal women than in women of the same ages who had been postmenopausal for a long time. The observed differences in bone mineral content could not be explained by other factors studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Thyroid disease and high concentration of serum thyrotrophin in a population sample of women. A 4-year follow-up.

In a population study in Göteborg, Sweden, comprising women in the age strata 44, 52, 56, 60 and 66 years, serum thyrotrophin (S-TSH) was determined in 283 women representative of the general population of women of these ages. No women with previously unknown hypothyroidism were found at the clinical examination; 47 (3.7%) were on thyroxine treatment, 9 (0.7%) because of spontaneous hypothyroidism. Sixteen women (1.2%) had markedly elevated S-TSH concentration (less than 14 mU/l). They were studied further by determination of thyroid hormones and circulating antithyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies, and those with goiter were subjected to fine-needle biopsy of the thyroid gland. They were furthermore followed for four years. Four euthyroid women were given thyroxine because of goiter and abnormal laboratory test results. Of nine individuals with high S-TSH concentration as well as high titers of thyroid antibodies and/or biopsy evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis, seven became hypothyroid within the four years of follow-up. The other two women had consistently elevated basal S-TSH concentration and exaggerated S-TSH response after thyroliberin administration. We conclude that the majority of individuals without previously recognized thyroid disease who have S-TSH concentration above 14 mU/l with the assay used will require thyroxine therapy within a few years. In one woman, however, with multinodular colloid goiter and high titer of antimicrosomal antibodies, the basal S-TSH concentration decreased during follow-up to a high normal value; the S-TSH response to thyroliberin was high borderline. She remained euthyroid during follow-up. The results suggest an annual incidence of spontaneous hypothyroidism of 1-2 cases per 1000 middle-aged females in Swedish west-coast population.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Prognosis of women with exercise-induced ECG changes--results from a longitudinal population study.

A comprehensive population study of women aged 38-60 was carried out in Göteborg, Sweden in 1968-1969. A subsample comprising 194 women were submitted to a maximal work performance test using a bicycle ergometer. Exercise-induced ECG changes were common and as common in women as in men in Göteborg who had been studied in the same way. ST depressions (Minnesota Code items 4:1-2) were observed 4 min after maximal exercise in 30 women. All these women were still alive when a follow-up was made 6 years later, none had had myocardial infarction, and only 2 of them reported symptoms of angina pectoris. 1 woman later on had a fatal myocardial infarction as was found in a 12-year-follow-up study. It is concluded that exercise-induced ECG changes are of limited value for predicting myocardial infarction or death from ischaemic heart disease in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Menstrual status and menopausal age of middle-aged Swedish women. A population study of women in Göteborg 1968--69 and 1974--75.

A population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden, was carried out in 1968--69. Altogether 1 462 women participated (participation rate 90.1 per cent). Five age strata were studied: 38, 46, 50, 54 and 60 (women born in 1930, 1922, 1918, 1914 and 1908, respectively). The same women were re-studied in 1974--75. At this time 1 302 women participated, corresponding to 89.1 per cent of those studied in 1968--69 and 80.3 per cent of those initially sampled. The vast majority of the women had a natural menopause. The median age at the menopause was found to be about 50. The criteria for definition of menopause are discussed. No support was found for the theory of increased menopausal age with time. Estrogen therapy of postmenopausal women was found to be much more common in 1974--75 than in 1968--69.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Bone mineral content in relation to age and menopause in middle-aged women. A study of bone density in lumbar vertebrae by dual photon absorptiometry in a population sample of women.

As one phase of a comprehensive population study of women, bone density was determined in the third lumbar vertebra by dual photon absorptiometric technique. The method involves the use of two radionuclides, which both emit gamma radiation but with different energies (241Am with 59.6 keV and 137Cs with 662 keV). Women in three age strata were studied: 46, 54 and 62 years. The bone mineral content was higher in premenopausal or recently postmenopausal 54-year-old women than in women of the same age who had been postmenopausal for a long time (p less than 0.02). A similar trend was found for women aged 62. The differences could not be explained by differences in other factors studied, such as body height, body weight, smoking habits, numbers of pregnancies or physical inactivity. No significant differences were found when women with similar menstrual status in different age-groups were compared. In the ages studied, hormonal factors seem to be more important than the age per se for the development of oeteoporosis.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Sleep disturbances, nightmares and other possible central nervous disturbances in a population sample of women, with special reference to those on antihypertensive drugs.

Of 1302 women aged 44-66 years in a population study in Göteborg, Sweden, in 1974-75, who were representative of women of all the ages studied in the area, 165 were taking antihypertensive drugs, mostly beta-blockers and diuretics. The prevalence of sleep disturbances, nightmares, tiredness and melancholia or depression was studied in the total population sample, and a comparison was made between women who were or were not taking antihypertensive drugs. In the entire population sample no significant difference was found between the various age strata studied, although with increasing age there was a trend towards fewer complaints of nightmares, but a larger number of sleep disturbances as a whole. No difference was found between women taking or not taking various types of single-drug therapy or combinations of antihypertensive drugs.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1980

Comparison between predicted cause of death and cause of death found at autopsy in medicolegal autopsy material.

The question whether an autopsy could have been omitted without adversely affecting diagnostic accuracy in cases in which an unnatural death was not suspected, was investigated by evaluating data from the files of cases handled in 1977 at the Government Department of Forensic Medicine in Uppsala in which the police had requested a simple medicolegal examination. The police report and the result of an external examination were evaluated blindly and cases divided into three groups. In 95 cases (12%) no autopsy, in 360 cases (45%) a partial autopsy, and in 346 cases (43%) a complete autopsy was considered necessary. In three of the 95 cases and in four of the 360 cases a wrong diagnosis was made. In 59 cases (7%) a complete medicolegal examination was performed. In 21 of the latter the circumstances of death were obscure and in 11 of these an unnatural cause of death was found. The investigation confirms that all cases must be handled by skilled medicolegal experts, that the extent of the medicolegal examination can well be assessed by the physician in charge, and that the autopsy procedure can be simplified in many cases and omitted in some, especially in a situation where resources are limited, without significantly affecting diagnostic accuracy in the individual case. However this policy adversely affects scientific studies on larger autopsy material.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1980

Serum lipids, arterial blood pressure and body weight in relation to the menopause: results from a population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden.

Statistically significant differences were found between premenopausal and postmenopausal 50-year-old women for serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and body weight. Serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides were higher in postmenopausal women, while systolic blood pressure and body weight were higher in premenopausal women. When similar comparisons were performed between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in the other age strata studied, the differences were usually not statistically significant. In women of the same age, serum cholesterol was found to increase and systolic blood pressure to decrease with increasing postmenopausal time. Similarly, in women of the same age serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels were found to be lower in women who were to go on menstruating for another couple of years compared to women who were to have their menopause within the next few years.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Renal stone disease--experience from a population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

An interview concerning previous history of renal stone disease was included when a population study of 1 462 women aged 38--60 years was carried out in 1968-69. About 5% reported a history of renal stone disease. When the women were re-examined six years later, an annual incidence of 3.7 per 1 000 was found. Women with history of new attacks of renal stone disease usually had the same serum calcium and serum uric acid values as other women except for a few with markedly increased serum uric acid values.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Is the menopausal age rapidly changing?

A population study of women in Goteborg, Sweden was carried out in 1968--1969. Altogether 1462 women participated (participation rate 90.1%). Five age strata were studied: 38, 46, 50, 54 and 60 (women born in 1930, 1922, 1918, 1914 and 1908, respectively). The same women were re-studied in 1974--1975. Information about menopausal state and, in postmenopausal women, about menopausal age was obtained on both occasions. The information given by the women in 1974--1975 agreed well with the information given in 1968--1969. Very few women started to menstruate again, if the interval since the last menstruation had been 6 mth or longer. The vast majority of the women had a spontaneous menopause. The medians of menopausal age were found to be between 49 yr 7 mth (in women born in 1908) and 50 yr 5 mth (in women born in 1918). There was a tendency towards a continuously increased menopausal age with time as judged from women born in 1908, 1914 and 1918, respectively, but women born in 1922 were found to have a median menopausal age which was more similar to that of the women born in 1908 than that of the women born in 1918. Our sstudy has, thus, not supported the view that the menopausal age in rapidly changing.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Menopausal effects on risk factors for ischaemic heart disease.

Women of almost identical age but with a different menopausal state were compared in a population study of women, which was carried out in Goteborg, Sweden. The group of women aged 50 comprised about the same number of still menstruating and postmenopausal women and was, therefore, especially suitable for such a comparison. Serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides were higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal 50-yr-old women and seemed to increase with postmenopausal time. The differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women were hightly significant. Systolic blood pressure was slightly but significantly different (lower in postmenopausal women), while no difference was found for diastolic blood pressure. It seems that differences in risk factors for ischaemic heart disease could explain part of but not all the association between early menopause and ischaemic heart disease.

Adult↗