Biomedical subjects

O Mĕricka

Publications and source records attributed to O Mĕricka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

[Puncture biopsy of peripheral lymph nodes and subcutaneous masses].

Ninety-one consecutive patients with known diagnosis of lung cancer or clinically suspicious malignant tumour underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes or subcutaneous nodular lesions. There were performed 105 fine needle biopsies. Cytological findings of diagnostic value were found out in 56 (53.3%) of cases. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of peripheral lymph nodes and subcutaneous lesions is a simple and valuable method for staging and in some cases for diagnosis of lung tumours.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed2000

[Cytologic diagnosis of pulmonary cancer in the Czech Republic].

BACKGROUND: Cytological diagnostic of the lung cancer belongs to routine examinations. The aim of our study was to describe the development of the method in the Czech Republic during the last 20 years, and to evaluate the contribution of clinical cytologist and pathologists in this diagnostical method of the bronchogenic carcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: 61 stations of bronchology in the Czech Republic were requested (interrogatory method), evaluable responses were obtained from 58 stations (95.0%). Samples for micromorphological examination were send to laboratories of clinical cytology (20) or pathology (23). Samples from 15 stations are send to both departments. From the total of 91,477 of evaluated samples 64,404 were examined at departments of clinical cytology (70.4%) and 27,073 at departments of pathology (29.6%). Results from departments of clinical cytology arrive earlier (in average after 2.3 days) than from pathologies (4.9 days). Out of 4547 micro-morphologically proved lung carcinomas, 3913 (86%) were diagnosed at departments of clinical cytology and 634 (14%) at departments of pathology. CONCLUSIONS: At present, 70% of the micromorphological diagnostics is being done at laboratories of clinical cytology, 30% at departments of pathology. 86% of diagnoses of the bronchogenic cancer verified micro-morphologically come from laboratories of clinical cytology, 14% from departments of pathology.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗

PubMed1994

[Transparietal puncture aspiration biopsy of the lung and mediastinum].

BACKGROUND: The contribution of fine needle transparietal aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of diseases of thoracic organs is generally accepted. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the contribution of this method to the diagnosis of processes in the lung and mediastinum. METHODS AND RESULTS: Transparietal fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 115 patients, 75 men and 40 women, mean age 59 +/- 10.7 years in men and 58.4 +/- 10.3 years in women. The site of insertion and position of the needle were checked by skiascopy. The assembled material was evaluated cytologically under a light microscope. Malignant tumours were classified according to WHO recommendations. The greatest diagnostic yield of the method was in a group of 73 patients with clinical suspicion of a malignant process; this suspicion was confirmed by cytological examination in 50 patients, i.e. in 68.5% of the patients. In 7 of 15 patients with suspected tuberculosis cytological evidence of epithelioid and Langerhans cells supported the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis; from four punctures of mediastinal formations confirmed a malignant tumour in half of them. In a relatively large group of patients with inflammatory processes the cytological finding did not prove useful for establishment of the diagnosis. Complications of this examination in the whole group were recorded in 18 patients (15.6%). The most frequent complication was the development of pneumothorax (18 patients, 15.6%) which however, only in 2 patients required exsufflation. In three patients after the procedure minimal haemoptysis developed. CONCLUSIONS: Complications, although fairly frequent (15.6%), are not serious.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1994

[The Pelger-Huët anomaly].

The authors describe a case-history of Pelger-Huët anomaly in a 53-year-old patient with bronchogenic carcinoma. It was not possible to reveal whether an inborn or acquired anomaly was involved. Recent knowledge of this problem is discussed.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗

PubMed1993

[Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis].

The authors present two of their own observations where, based on the clinical course of the disease and the X-ray finding, they diagnosed the condition as pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. They present a review of the literature as regards new views on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of the condition. They evaluate the contribution of scintigraphy 99 mTc, bronchial lavage and X-ray methods with a high differentiating capacity (HRCT). As regards therapeutic possibilities, transplantation of the lungs should be considered in advanced stages of the disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in bronchogenic carcinoma].

Using radioimmunoassay method the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (alpha-HCG) serum levels were measured in 112 bronchogenic carcinoma patients and in 48 patients with various non-cancerous lung diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of alpha-HCG as a tumor marker for differential diagnosis of lung cancer. The incidence of elevated alpha-HCG serum level bronchogenic carcinoma group was 4.4%, in non-cancerous diseases group it was 4.1%, respectively. The difference between these two groups wasn't statistically significant. The elevation of the alpha-HCG was unrelated to the histologic type of lung cancer. The finding suggest that alpha-HCG serum level can't help in discriminating between patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and those with non-cancerous lung diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Tissue polypeptide antigen in bronchogenic carcinoma.

Serum concentrations of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) were examined by an immunoradiometric technique in 114 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and in 55 patients with noncancerous lung diseases. The sensitivity of TPA examination in bronchogenic carcinoma was 67.5% and was increased in advanced stages of the disease. No statistically significant differences were observed between histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma. In nonmalignant lung diseases, elevated levels of TPA were observed in 21.8% of patients. TPA is of little value in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma; however, it may be useful as an auxiliary criterion for staging.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

[Bronchoalveolar carcinoma, its diagnosis, therapy and prognosis].

The authors give an account of 18 patients with morphologically confirmed bronchioalveolar carcinoma, hospitalized at the First Clinic for TB and Respiratory Diseases in 1969-1988. Women predominated in the group at a ratio of 2:1, mean age: women 46.5 years, men 63.5 years. In the family-history of six patients a malignant tumour of the digestive tract was recorded. The symptomatology of the disease did not differ from other bronchogenic carcinomas. As to X-ray forms large-node carcinoma was most frequent (8x), there were equal numbers (5x) of pneumonic and disseminated carcinomas. The diagnosis of the disease is difficult. In eight instances it was made only after examination of the resected portion. In disseminated forms a high yield was obtained by open pulmonary biopsy, needle aspiration of the lungs. A small yield was obtained by bronchological examination and examination of sputum. The most favourable prognosis was recorded after resection where from a total of nine patients two survive (19 and 4 years), the remaining 7 patients survived for a mean period of seven years. Patients treated by chemotherapy survive for six months, those with actinotherapy and symptomatic treatment for 11 months.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗

PubMed1991

[Symptoms of diseases of the respiratory system and their importance in diagnosis. Summary and conclusions of research].

The status in the sphere of diagnosis of respiratory diseases and the revealed shortcomings in this area stimulated workers of the First Clinic for TB and Respiratory Diseases to elaborate two investigations, the aim of which was to reveal in the course of the eighties (1983-1988) the most important problems in the diagnostic process and thus contribute to the improvement of the present state. Another task was to record developmental trends as regards the contents of the discipline of pneumology. A relatively large number of patients (2207 subjects) and the period of investigation made it possible to draw some general conclusions. The results proved persisting shortcomings, in particular a slow diagnostic process which e.g. in bronchogenic carcinoma and some other diseases very much restricts effective treatment and in TB there is the danger of infection of the healthy population. From this ensue necessary provisions at all levels of medical care (in particular comprehensive examinations of patients, interdisciplinary collaboration, improved preventive provisions and attention paid to changes in the frequency and clinical picture of lung diseases as a result of different factors).

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Histocompatibility locus antigens (HLA) in the epidermoid type of lung carcinoma.

HLA-A and B antigens were determined in a study of 162 patients (93 epidermoid type, 20 adenocarcinoma, 26 small-cell carcinoma and 23 undifferentiated types) with lung cancer. Differences between antigen frequencies in cancer and control populations were studied by chi 2Y analysis or Fisher's exact test. Survival data were analyzed using Cox's model for censored data. Cancer patients had a decreased frequency of the antigen HLA-B40 (chi 2Y = 14.15, P = 0.00018, Pc = 0.003, relative risk = 0.21). Patients with HLA-A10, A 11 and B27 had a shortened mean survival time. Patients with HLA-B12 had a prolonged survival time.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

[Testing bronchogenic carcinoma cells for sensitivity to cytostatics in vitro and in cell cultures].

The authors submit the first experience assembled in Czechoslovakia with testing of the sensitivity of bronchogenic carcinoma cells to cytostatics by the HTCA method (Human Tumor Clonogenic Assay). Based on work by A. W. Hamburger, S. L. Salmon and others the authors elaborated their own modification of the method of cell cultivation in a double layer of soft agar, which can be used in small laboratories attached to clinical departments. The sensitivity tests were made in eight bronchogenic carcinomas--four adenocarcinomas and four epidermoid carcinomas. For the tests five cytostatics were used: 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, cis-platinum, vincristine and vinblastine. Because of contamination the results in three tested adenocarcinomas could not be evaluated. The evaluated specimen of adenocarcinoma was sensitive to 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate, but was resistant to the remaining tested cytostatics. In the group of epidermoid carcinomas one specimen was completely resistant and one completely sensitive to all tested cytostatics. In one specimen the test with 5-fluorouracil could not be evaluated, and the specimen was resistant to the remaining cytostatics. The last specimen in this group was resistant to cis-platinum and sensitive to the remaining cytostatics.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1989

[Hypercalcemia in bronchogenic carcinoma].

In a population of 621 patients with morphologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma the rate of hypercalcaemia in particular morphologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma was ascertained during the establishment of diagnosis. Regardless of type, there were 10.3% of hypercalcaemic patients in the whole population. Hypercalcaemia was found most frequently in epidermoid carcinoma (10.98%), followed by adenocarcinoma (10.51%), small cell carcinoma (10.11%) and undifferentiated carcinoma (9.72%). In the group of 19 large cell carcinomas the hypercalcaemia was not established. Except large cell carcinoma, the differences among the groups were not statistically significant.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

HLA antigens and bronchogenic carcinoma.

Twenty-one HLA-A and B antigens were determined in a study of 162 patients with lung cancer. Differences between antigen frequencies in cancer and control populations were determined by chi 2 analysis with Yates correction or Fisher's exact test. Cancer patients had a decreased frequency of the antigen HLA-B40 (pc = 0.003; relative risk = 0.21). In patients with differentiated types of the carcinoma and relatively better prognosis, decreased frequency of the antigen HLA-B40 was found (pc = 0.05; relative risk = 0.27). Our investigation was based on a thorough study of literary data.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗

PubMed1988