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O Muñoz

Publications and source records attributed to O Muñoz.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical characteristics of various neuroviroses in relation to their etiology].

No clinical, cytochemical nor electroencephalographic standards of behavior, specific for each etiology were found in a series of 67 cases of viral infection of the nervous system; however, the severeness was greater in cases of infectious mononucleosis with encephalic involvement and in cases caused by Coxsackie B5 possibly because these appeared in younger patients. The group with greater percentage of definitive motor and intellectual sequelae was found in cases with infectious mononucleosis and ECHO. Cases due to herpes simplex were not more severe during the acute stage, but followed a course with an important percentage of definitive sequelae. Meningoencephalitides from parotiditis were milder, and only in one case did they show permanent motor sequelae.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatitis B and delta: the prevalence of seroepidemiological markers in volunteer blood donors and their families].

41 volunteer blood donors and his relatives were studied in order to know about the prevalence of hepatitis B and D virus infections in selected groups. Frequency of HBsAg+ carriers was 0.34 per cent in the Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea and 0.15 per cent in the Banco Central de Sangre, IMSS. Most of the HBsAg+ blood donors were 21 to 40 years old (87.8%); 21.9 per cent had IgM antibodies against HBc and just 2.4 per cent were HBeAg positive. Forty one (26.9%) of 152 relatives had one or more of the HBV markers, 3.9 per cent were HBsAg carriers and 1.3 per cent were HBeAg positive. In the infected relatives group 36.6 per cent were ancestory or brothers and just 14.6 per cent of wives were infected. None of the HBsAg+ blood donors or his relatives had antibodies against delta agent. These results support the fact that the frequency of asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg in the volunteer blood donors group is similar to he frequency in the general population and identifies the group of relatives as those with the highest risk to acquire HBV infection.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical prescription and treatment compliance in acute infectious diarrhea: indirect impact of an educational intervention].

As part of the evaluation of an educational intervention carried out at primary health care units in Mexico City a home visit was included for patients treated for acute infectious diarrhea. In such visit, effected for 401 patients before the educational intervention and for 406 after the same, it was possible to evaluate compliance with the treatment measured through the amount of prescribed drugs distributed by the institution but not consumed by patients. A significant improvement was observed in compliance with the treatment even though this was not the explicit objective of the intervention. Compliance is related to variables of different dimensions--characteristics of the physician, characteristics of the patient, physician-patient rapport, health condition and health concept--and the educational intervention tends to homogenize the patient's behavior as a result of more emphatic improvement in those subgroups with worst compliance levels.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colonization by Clostridium difficile in hospitalized children: risk factors and typification of the isolated strains.

The frequency of colonization by Clostridium difficile in 273 hospitalized children under 15 years of age was studied. Feces were collected from patients attending the infectious disease service at the Pediatric Hospital IMSS, during a period of 11 months. No colonization was detected in 16 neonates; whereas 10 of 103 children (9.7%) under one year of age, 7 of 84 children (8.3%) from one to five years and 3 of 70 children (4.2%) from five to 15 years of age were colonized. The use of antibiotics and the nutritional state were studied as possible risk factors for colonization. The frequency of colonization was not influenced by the nutritional state, whereas the treatment with antibiotics decreased significantly the colonization in children under one year of age but not in those children over one year of age. In children under one year of age, the cytotoxin was more frequent in cases of diarrhea, and in those over one year no association was found. The 50 strains isolated from these children were classified according to: toxigenicity, sensitivity to antibiotics, phages and bacteriocins. Strains acquired before hospitalization were more toxigenic than those acquired intrahospital. Twelve resistotypes were detected; one of them (V) was more frequent in intrahospital strains. Ten phagobacteriocin types were found, and two of then (D and I) were present only in intrahospital strains. Using this classification scheme, it was found that eight patients were colonized with two different strains at the same time.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxigenicity and adherence in Clostridium difficile strains isolated from patients with and without diarrhoea.

The mechanisms by which Clostridium difficile causes diarrhoea are unknown. The expression of putative virulence factors by 44 Clostridium difficile strains isolated from patients with and without diarrhoea was studied. Toxins A and B were tested in CHO and MRC-5 cells, respectively; adherence was measured in two substrates: HEp-2 cells and polystyrene plates. The in vitro expression of toxins A and B by strains isolated from patients with diarrhoea was not significantly different from that by strains isolated from patients without diarrhoea. The ability of adherence to both HEp-2 cells and polystyrene by strains isolated from patients with diarrhoea was not significantly different when compared with strains isolated from patients without diarrhoea; however, strains isolated from adults with diarrhoea seem to adhere to a greater extent to both substrates than strains isolated from adults without diarrhoea. Twenty three strains which did not produce toxins A and B were tested for enterotoxicity in rat small intestine. Eight such strains induced fluid accumulation and seven of them were isolated from children. Adherence to cells and to polystyrene might be an important virulence factor in strains causing diarrhoea in adults; whereas the production of toxins other than A and B might be an important pathogenic mechanism in strains causing diarrhoea in children.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The seroepidemiology of rubella in Mexican women. A national probability survey].

A rubella seroepidemiologic survey was carried out in a rural population to better understand the epidemiology of this infections disease in Mexico. 24,331 serum samples from women between 10 and 44 years old were collected during 1987-1988 from the 32 federal states. Samples were tested for Rubella Antibodies by use of hemagglutination inhibition with a titer 1:8 bring considered as positive; 79.96 per cent (CI 95%, 7.5-80.5%) of women were seropositive, seropositivity increased with age, from 69.26 per cent in the age group of 10 to 14 years old, to 87.84 per cent in the 40-44 age group. Seropositivity rates were lower in southern states than in northern states and, higher in urban areas that rural areas (82.4 vs 76.6%); statistical significative difference in seropositivity rates were found between girls less than 14 years of age in urban areas as compared to rural areas (74.7 vs 63.6%). Seropositivity rates were related to socioeconomic status only when high status group were compared lower status group (82.5 vs 77%). In addition, we observed a significative trend of increasing seropositivity as level of school education increased. In comparison to the 1974 national survey, this seroepidemiological survey showed a decreased seropositivity for all age groups, even with an increase in the number of susceptible women, particularly in the group less than 20 years old. This study offers seroepidemiologic information about rubella at a national and regional level.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Usefulness of 5 microbiological markers for the differentiation of strains of Klebsiella ozaenae causing an outbreak of nosocomial infection].

Five different microbiological markers (biotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, heavy-metal susceptibility, klebocin susceptibility and number of extrachromosomal DNA fragments) were utilized in order to distinguish between Klebsiella ozaenae strains arising from a nosocomial infection outbreak and strains of some species isolated from hospital environment. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to 13 different antibiotics was the most reliable maker, because 85% of the outbreak strains shown resistance to 8-10 antibiotics and only two strains of hospital environment had similar pattern. Sensitivity for this marker was 85.0% specificity 93.5% and positive predictive value of 89.5%. Other markers were less efficient with a positive predictive value of 79.2%, for biotyping, 70.4% for klebocin susceptibility, 69.2% for number of extrachromosomal DNA fragments and 60.6% for heavy-metals susceptibility. We discuss the applicability of each one of these markers in different circumstances.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seroepidemiology of the hepatitis B and delta in the southeast of Chiapas, Mexico.

An area of high endemicity for hepatitis B and delta antigen was identified in the southern border of Mexico (Chiapas). The study included individuals from mexican communities and guatemalan refugee camps. 91.1% of the subjects were positive to anti-HBcAg antibodies. The frequency of asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg went from 4.2% in mexican communities to 17.3% in guatemalan refugee camps, the percentage was higher in households with six or more persons per room (14.0 per 100 individuals). The prevalence of e antigen in subjects positive to HBsAg was higher among guatemalan refugees (35.3%) than among mexicans (7.7%). A refugee camp, Benemerito de las Americas, showed 65.6% positives to anti-HBcAg antibodies and 39.0% asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, 41.7% of these were positive to HBeAg. Antidelta antibodies were present in 50 of 119 subjects positive to HBsAg. The mechanism of transmission was mainly horizontal since most of the infected children in each household corresponded to the oldest offspring. Our data were similar to those observed in the amazonian region of Brazil, Southeast Asia and tropical Africa.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute respiratory infections in Mexican rural communities.

This study describes the epidemiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in a sample of rural population of México. The study includes 137 communities from all over the country: 51 with 5001 to 15000. In each community ten families with one child under one year of age were followed. Each family was child under one year of age were followed. Each family was visited weekly by one physician from the local IMSS-COPLAMAR clinic in order to register frequency and characteristics of ARI in each family member. We followed 1359 families and observed 4796.9 persons-year. Eight thousand and two episodes of ARI were observed. The relative risk of getting ARI in children below two years of age was 2.8 and in severe malnourished was 1.8. The frequency of ARI was higher in large communities than in small ones. Eight six point eight percent of the episodes were upper respiratory infections, 95.3 percent of the cases cured, 4.6 became chronic and there were four deaths. Mortality rate was 0.8 per 1000 persons-year. Sixty nine point eight percent of the cases received antithermics, 49.3 percent antihistaminics and, 48.6 percent antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of acute diarrhoea in a rural medical care system in México (IMSS-COPLAMAR).

This paper shows the results of a study of acute diarrhoea (AD) in 137 rural communities in Mexico. We studied 51 communities with 1000 inhabitants or less, 45 communities with 1001 to 5000 inhabitants and, 41 with 5001 to 15000 inhabitants. All in all we observed 4,796.9 persons year during a period comprised from March 1982 to February 1983. In communities with more than 5000 inhabitants there occurred 0.85 episodes of AD per person-year, whereas in the smaller ones the incidence was only 0.58 episodes per person-year p less than 0.01). In small communities the frequency was higher in families with poor water supply and inadequate excreta disposal, whereas in large communities the frequency was not affected by such services. In 95.6 percent of the cases the episodes were self-limited within the first 14 days. There were seven deaths, five occurring in children under one year of age, six in children living in small communities and, five associated with dehydration. These results suggest that the size of the community constitutes a risk factor for AD in rural areas, which deserves to be explored in further studies. The lethality observed in small communities stresses the need of programs for better treatment of this frequent disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the in-utero malnourished new born infant].

The per centum distribution of T and B lymphocytes was determined in 30 full term newborns showing adequate development for their gestational age and in 42 full term newborns showing in utero malnutrition. A significant decrease (p less than 0.001) of both lymphocytic subpopulations was found in the in utero malnutrition group. The possibility of a decreased efficiency of the immune response in this group of patients is discussed.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rosette-forming peripheral lymphocytes, in children with measles].

During measles infection in human beings, depression of cellular immunity appears. The authors studied several groups of children with measles complaining of various degrees of malnutrition in terms of rosette forming lymphocytes in peripheral blood; marked reduction of T lymphocytes were seen in all of the groups during the acute stage of the disease, that persisted up to two weeks after the exanthematous stage. When comparison was established of eutrophic and 1st degree malnourished children with those affected with 3rd degree malnutrition, differences were found in the recovery of the number of rosett-E forming cells.

Child, Preschool↗