Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to O N Chernysheva.
This paper presents results of a detection of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food from the shops of Moscow. The screening methods and event-specific assay based on the polymerase chain reaction is used. Transgenic DNA from genetically modified soybeans line 40-3-2 is detected in 17.2% samples of studied foods. Soybeans line 40-3-2 is allowed in Russian food supply.
The rats were fed with the Genetically Modified Sugar Beet line 77 (Monsanto Ko, USA) 10 g/rat/day for 1 month. Their blood, urea and liver were investigated to measure total protein and glucose levels, aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, pH, creatinine level as well as hepatic enzyme activity of the I and II phases of xenobiotic metabolism and whole and non-sedimentated lysosomal enzyme activities and activity of antioxidant system.
The rats were fed with the Suger from the Genetically Modified Suger Beet line 77 (Monsanto Ko, USA) 3 g/rat/day for 3 months. Their blood, urea and liver were investigated to measure total protein and glucose levels, aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, pH, creatinine level as well as hepatic enzyme activity of the I and II phases of henobiotic metabolism and whole and non-sedimentated lysosomal enzyme activities and activity of antioxidant system.
The rats were fed with the flour of corn from genetically modified corn MON 810 and from genetically modified corn GA 21 (Monsanto Co, USA) 3 g/rat/day for 6 months. Their blood, urea and liver were investigated to measure total protein and glucose levels, aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, pH, creatinine level as well as hepatic enzyme activity of the I and II phases of xenobiotic metabolism and whole and non-sedimentated lysosomal enzyme activities, the level of processes of lipids peroxidation and activity of antioxidant system.
The aim of present study was an investigation of effective of product from ceolites which is suggested as biologically active food additive. The high-calorie, high-fat, high-cholesterol diet was developed. The rats (female and male) were fed with the biologically active food additive during 1 month at dose 70 mg per kg of body weight. Their blood and liver were investigated to measure total lipids, total cholesterols, phospholipid, triglycerides. Morphologic parameters of liver was studied. Cholesterol lowering effect of biologically active food additive in rat (female) has been shown.
The rats were fed with albuminous concentrate from the genetically modified soybean 40-3-2 ("Monsanto Co", USA) 1.25 g/rat/day for 5 months. Their blood, urea and liver were investigated to measure total protein and glucose levels, aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, pH, relative density and creatinine level in the urea, as well as hepatic enzyme activity of the I and II phases of xenobiotic metabolism, and the whole and non-sedimentated lysosomal enzyme activities. The lasting albuminous concentrate supplementation from the genetically modified soybean to the rat's diet has been shown to modify hepatocyte membrane function and enzymatic activity within physiological standards. It was not harmful to the adaptation systems.
The study of surfactant effects and their biochemical composition in the expiration condensate covered 102 patients with dust bronchitis (DB). Decrease of surfactant effects and violation of the proportion of surfactant lipid fractions (increase in the percentage of free fat acids, triacylglyceride decrease) were noted along with the growth of DB severity and clearly defined pulmonary emphysema.
To analyse etimizol purinergic activity, methods of biological analysis were applied using isolated smooth muscle strips of the guinea-pig caecum and developing embryo cultures of the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius). Stimulating etimizol action in 10(-8)-10(-12) M concentration was observed on embryonal development in the sea urchin to be eliminated by co-action of etimizol and P1-purinoceptor antagonist theophylline. The analogous action of the preparations was established using isolated smooth muscle strips of the guinea-pig caecum.
Experimental data were obtained on the effect of leu- and metenkephalin solutions (0.01-10.0 micrograms) on spontaneous responses and those evoked by transmural stimulation of the neural structures in the neuro-muscular preparation which included the myenteric plexus and circular smooth muscle layer. The observed excitatory action of enkephalins involving depolarization of the smooth muscle cell membrane, the increase of spontaneous AP frequency, reduced amplitude of the evoked ISP, increased voltage and intensified contractile activity of the preparation are related to participation of the opiate receptors. (Naloxone administration abolished the enkephalin effects). Application of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs failed to change the type of their action. Enkephalin effects were most pronounced at low frequency stimulation and were not observed in the solution containing both M- and N-cholinergic blocking drugs. Enkephalins seem to participate in the mechanisms of descending tonic control of the smooth muscle activity maintained by non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic motor neurons.
With the aid of sucrose gap method, sensitivity of the myenteric plexus' neurons was studied in the neural-muscular preparation which included the myenteric plexus and circular smooth muscle layer. Morphine (10(-4)-10(-8) g/ml) produced an excitation as revealed in depolarization of the smooth muscle cell membrane, in the increase of AP frequency and amplitude as well as of the duration of contractions. Incubation of the preparation in the solution containing M- and N-cholinergic blocking drugs (10(-5) g/ml atropine and 5 X 10(-6) g/ml benzohexonium) and preadministration of the antagonist of opiate receptors naloxone (3 X 10(-7) g/ml) did not change the character of morphine action, whereas administration of serotonin antagonist methysergide (5 X 10(-6) g/ml) eliminated the excitatory effects. These changes in electrical and contractile activity of the preparation after morphine administration seem to be connected with an increasing release of serotonin.
The action of a vital neurotropic dye methylene blue on spontaneous and posttetanic reactions in the autonomic neuromuscular junction was studied with the sucrose gap technique. Low concentrations of methylene blue (10(-5)-10(-6) g/ml) increased the frequency of APs in spontaneously active cells and induced APs in silent cells while high concentrations of methylene blue (10(-3)-10(-4) g/ml) showed the biphasic excitatory-inhibitory action. Similar changes occurred in the excitatory phase of posttetanic response of smooth muscle cells, although the amplitude and duration of synaptic potentials remained unchanged. The stability of reactions after injection of methylene blue simultaneously with ganglio-, adrenoblocking agents and atropine as well as elevated Mg2+, suggests unspecific action of the methylene blue molecule on the muscle cell membrane. The observed phenomena were of shortlasting type and disappeared after washing with normal nutrient medium.
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It was shown in experiments on albino rats that repeated exposure to an alternating field of 32 kA/m voltage leads to the reduction in the content of glycogen, lactic and pyruvic acid and the reduced form of nicotinamide coenzymes and to delayed processes of oxidation and phosphorylation without changing the degree of their coupling and the level of macroergic phosphates. An alternating magnetic field with a voltage of 7.5 kA/m leads to an increase in the level of glycogen and glutamine in half a month, causes accumulation of ammonia in three months, increases the content of glutamine and reduces the glucose level after six months of exposure.
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