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Biomedical subjects

P Bergman

Publications and source records attributed to P Bergman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Total parathyroidectomy and presternal subcutaneous implantation of parathyroid tissue for renal hyperparathyroidism.

When hyperparathyroidism recurs in patients previously treated by total parathyroidectomy and intramuscular parathyroid autotransplantation, excision of the graft is not always technically easy and it is often necessary to resect the portion of the muscle containing the implants. During November 1986, we began a program to test the feasibility of presternal subcutaneous autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue. We hoped this technique would make removal of the grafts simpler. Thirty-six patients with renal hyperparathyroidism (RHPT) received subcutaneous parathyroid implants. Persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism was observed in three patients during the follow-up period. The presence of active parathyroid tissue was demonstrated after some time in all the patients. The parathyroid implants were easily excised in three instances (one persistent RHPT and two recurrences). Microscopic examination of the resected specimens did not show any sign of malignant transformation. We conclude that presternal subcutaneous implantation of parathyroid tissue after total parathyroidectomy is a quick, safe and efficient surgical procedure in the treatment of RHPT.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gamma globulin prophylaxis to reduce post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

A prospective, randomized study of immune serum globulin (ISG) for prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis was performed on 196 patients (100 controls without gammaglobulin or placebo and 96 who received ISG) undergoing valve replacement or coronary artery bypass with extracorporeal circulation. The dose of ISG was 2 ml i.m. at premedication and 2 ml i.m. on postoperative day 3. Probable non-A, non-B hepatitis developed postoperatively in ten of the 100 controls and two of the 96 in the ISG group. Two ISG patients and three controls with non-A, non-B hepatitis still have increased serum aminotransferase values after 3-5 years, but liver biopsy revealed hepatitis, which histologically was very mild, in only two control and two ISG patients. Low-dose gamma globulin thus reduced the incidence of acute, probable non-A, non-B hepatitis in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1990

Acute embolic lower limb ischaemia is associated with decreased red cell deformability.

Red cell deformability is an important determinant of peripheral blood flow. In this study the red cell filtration rate (RFR) was measured in 17 patients admitted for acute embolic lower limb ischaemia. The severity of the limb ischaemia on admission was scored from 0 to 6 depending on the degree of pain, and loss of motor and sensibility functions in the ischaemic extremity. Patients who presented with very severe ischaemia on admission underwent early embolectomy whereas those with less severe ischaemia (range from 0 to approximately 3 in ischaemic score) initially were treated conservatively with heparin. Red cell filtration rate was assessed with a standard microfiltration method and expressed in microliters/sec. On admission the RFR averages 30 +/- 5 microliters/sec (mean +/- S.D.), significantly lower than the corresponding value in a normal population of similar age (50 +/- 5 microliters/sec). There was an inverse relationship (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001 by use of linear regression analysis) between the ischaemic score and the RFR on admission, with low RFR values being related to high ischaemic scores. Forty-eight hours after revascularisation, the RFR had improved significantly in the patients having undergone successful revascularisation, whereas it was unchanged in conservatively treated patients. It is concluded that patients with acute embolic lower limb ischaemia have an impaired red cell filtration rate suggesting decreased red cell deformability, the impairment being related to the severity of the ischaemia. A poor red cell filtration rate on admission is related to increased risk of postoperative gangrene and/or cardiac death. Successful revascularisation, but not conservative heparin treatment is associated with increasing deformability.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Low calcium diet in idiopathic urolithiasis: a risk factor for osteopenia as great as in primary hyperparathyroidism.

The bone mineral content of the radius was measured in 32 male renal stone formers, 18 of them presenting with idiopathic urolithiasis and 14 with primary hyperparathyroidism, a disease known to disturb bone metabolism. The idiopathic stone formers had been on regular treatment with a low calcium diet. The bone mineral content of the radius was reduced to a similar level in both groups of patients. The data suggest that idiopathic stone formers on a low calcium diet are at risk of osteopenia; the factors which could lead to a negative calcium balance included uncompensated renal hypercalciuria, hypophosphataemia and exaggerated serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. To treat idiopathic hypercalciuria, thiazide diuretics, which reduce the renal excretion of calcium and have been shown to be beneficial for bone, seem safer than a low calcium diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Blood cell filtrability: reference values and clinical applications.

In 500 healthy individuals cell deformability, expressed as cell filtration rate in microliters/s was studied with a microcirculation method in order to determine reference values for this method for various age groups in adults. The overall normal red cell filtration rate (RFR) value in healthy individuals was 69 +/- 11 microliters/s. When one compared the age groups 20-29 and 60-69 years, the reductions for RFR, white cell filtration rate (WFR), plasma-white cell filtration rate (P-WFR) and whole-blood filtration RATE (WBFR) was 26 +/- 3 (p less than 0.01), 32% +/- 5 (p less than 0.01), 28% +/- 4 (p less than 0.01) and 28% +/- (p less than 0.01) respectively. The reduction of RFR was graded into four clinical classes (GCTA = Gothenburg Cardio-Thoracic Association); I = 1-24%, II = 25-49%, III = 50-74%, IV = 75-100%, class I with lowest and class IV with highest reductions. Significant reductions in the mean RFR were noted in patients undergoing heart surgery (36% +/- 3, P less than 0.01, class II), patients with cardiac arrest (55% +/- 5, p less than 0.01, class III), occlusive arterial disease (58% +/- 6, p less than 0.001, class III) diabetes (45% +/- 5, p less than 0.01, class II). None of the patients had a normal RFR value. This study demonstrated a loss of cell deformability with age and disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Transcriptional activation of the human papillomavirus-16 P97 promoter by an 88-nucleotide enhancer containing distinct cell-dependent and AP-1-responsive modules.

The P97 promoter upstream of the oncogenic early genes of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 is active in keratinocytes and in cervical carcinoma cells due to a 5' keratinocyte-dependent cis enhancer. In this study, we have mapped the main enhancer activity to an 88-nucleotide (nt) fragment composed of multiple cis elements. A 63-nt promoter-proximal enhancer core was sufficient for P97 activation in a human keratinocytic cell line, HaCaT, and in cervical carcinoma cells. Although the enhancer functioned poorly in hepatoma cells or in fibroblasts, nuclear extracts from different cells protected similar cis elements from DNase I digestion. Two protected half-palindromic NF-I/CTF sites within the 63-nt core were necessary for its function; one represents a "cytokeratin element" (CK), a previously described 8-nt sequence shared with cytokeratin gene promoters. Both sites formed complexes of the same apparent size and relative binding affinity with NF-I/CTF-like factor(s) present in all cells tested. Although cell-dependent P97 activation could be determined by similar, yet distinct NF-I/CTF-like proteins, adjacent cis elements in the enhancer core were also required for function, and may thus interact with additional transcription factors. A 25-nt distal module with two AP-1 sites increased enhancer activity and cooperated with cis elements of the proximal core. Each AP-1 site as well as a third AP-1 site near the promoter bound c-Jun and Jun/Fos in vitro, and was activated by c-Jun and c-Fos in transfections. In addition to cell type-dependent activation, HPV-16 P97 transcription may therefore respond to growth factors and oncogene products via the AP-1 pathway.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Evidence of differential growth in the human skull from sagittal and transversal deviations of landmarks.

The differences in position along, and deviations from the midline of six landmarks on the base and face of 51 recent skulls of recorded sex and age from Middle Europe were studied. There is accordance between the average anatomical position of the landmarks and their mean vertical distances from the line connecting the two poria. The majority of the specimens show deviations from the midline predominantly towards the left half of the skull. Variation of the landmarks is discussed with respect to differing growth processes and with respect to the frequently asymmetric location of the two poria cited in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cutaneous microcirculation and blood rheology following cardiopulmonary bypass. Laser Doppler flowmetric and blood cell rheologic studies.

In 23 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, measurements of cutaneous blood flow were made with laser doppler flowmetry. Simultaneously blood was sampled for measurement of red cell filtration rate (RFR) and plasma-white cell filtration rate (P-WFR). The cutaneous blood flow showed significant overall reduction postoperatively. When the saphenous vein or internal mammary artery was used as bypass graft, the reduction in skin blood flow at the sites from which the vessels were taken was significantly greater than in contralateral, undisturbed sites. RFR and P-WFR were also significantly reduced postoperatively, and these changes showed significant concomitance with the fall in laser doppler flow (LDF%). On postoperative day 6 there was some improvement in LDF% and RFR but further slight deterioration in P-WFR. The study indicated that surgical trauma locally reduces cutaneous blood flow and that trauma to blood cells following cardiopulmonary bypass can contribute to this reduction.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1988

The E5 gene of bovine papillomavirus type 1 is sufficient for complete oncogenic transformation of mouse fibroblasts.

The transforming 69% fragment of the bovine papillomavirus type-1 genome was inserted into a retrovirus vector, which also expresses G418 resistance, and the resulting construct was used for transfection of psi 2 cells. C127 cells infected with virus-containing medium from G418 resistant psi 2 clones were selected for G418 resistance and/or transformation. G418 resistant cells contained invariably a 4.4 kb provirus. The transformed cells, in contrast, contained either a 2.8 kb or a 5.4 kb provirus. Cells containing the 2.8 or the 5.4 kb proviruses were fully transformed according to several criteria: they had a transformed morphology, formed colonies in soft agar, contained disarranged F-actin cables and induced tumors when injected subcutaneously into nude mice. A molecular analysis of the 2.8 kb provirus showed that it contained only one complete BPV-1 gene, namely E5. Cells transformed by the 2.8 kb provirus contained colinear RNAs as well as subgenomic mRNAs, composed of a retrovirus leader sequence connected to an exon starting at nucleotide 3605 in the BPV-1 sequence. The only papillomavirus protein that can be expressed from these mRNAs is the E5 protein. The results suggest that the 44 amino acid long membrane protein which is encoded by the E5 gene of BPV-1, confers a fully transformed phenotype to immortalized mouse cells in the absence of other viral gene products or papillomavirus regulatory elements.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1987

Electroconvulsive therapy and plasma prostaglandin E2 metabolite in major depressive disorder.

1. Animal experiments show that PGE2 affects the release of ACTH and corticosteroids. In depressed subjects, plasma concentrations of the same hormones are increased immediately following ECT. Consequently we explored possible effects of ECT on PGE2. 2. The major plasma PGE2 metabolite (PGEM), ACTH, and cortisol were determined by RIA. 3. PGEM did not change with time alone and anesthesia without ECT also did not have a consistent effect. PGEM was significantly elevated at all post ECT sampling times. The maximum increase, about fifty percent, was attained at 15 and 30 minutes. Similar changes were observed following ECT-I and ECT-VI. 4. Positive correlations between PGEM, ACTH and cortisol were obtained. 5. The results demonstrate that following ECT stimulus there is a robust increase in circulating PGEM. The increased release of PGE2 may, in part, account for the elevated plasma ACTH and cortisol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Reindeer papillomavirus transforming properties correlate with a highly conserved E5 region.

A papillomavirus was isolated from the epithelial layer of a cutaneous fibropapilloma on a Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Reindeer papillomavirus (RPV) is morphologically indistinguishable from other papillomaviruses, but the restriction enzyme cleavage pattern of its genome is different. No sequence homology was detected between RPV DNA and the DNAs of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) and avian papillomavirus when hybridization was performed under stringent conditions. However, the RPV genome hybridized to the genome of the European elk papillomavirus and the deer papillomavirus under stringent conditions. A physical map of the RPV genome was constructed, and selected regions of the genome, covering the open translational reading frame (ORF) E5 and part of the E1 and L1 ORFs, were studied by nucleotide sequence analysis. The results made it possible to align the RPV genome with the genome of BPV-1. The E5 ORF of RPV has the potential to encode a 44-amino-acid, exceptionally hydrophobic polypeptide which is very similar to the E5 polypeptides of BPV-1 and deer and European elk papillomaviruses. RPV is oncogenic for hamsters and transforms C127 mouse cells in vitro. Several virus-specific mRNAs were detected in RPV-transformed C127 cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Organization and expression of the genome of bovine papillomavirus type 1.

The viral mRNAs present in C127 cells transformed by bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) have been mapped by a variety of techniques, including S1 nuclease analysis, Northern blot analysis, primer extension and electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis. The results reveal a very complex mRNA pattern, comprising at least five types of spliced cytoplasmic mRNAs. Both unspliced and partially processed nuclear RNA species have also been identified. The transforming region of BPV-1 contains several promoter regions. A major cap site is located at coordinate 1 and another putative cap site at coordinate 31. A third candidate cap site maps around coordinate 39.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Replication of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome; antisense transcripts prevent episomal replication.

A subgenomic fragment, representing 69% of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) genome, has the capacity to transform mouse C127 cells in vitro and to replicate episomally in these cells. In the present study we have cloned this BPV-1 fragment between two retrovirus-derived long terminal repeats (LTRs) in the two possible orientations. The constructs were designated pMR and pML. The pMR construct contained the BPV-1 genome in the same transcriptional orientation as that of the LTRs whereas the pML construct contained the BPV-1 fragment in the opposite orientation. Both types of construct were capable of transforming mouse C127 cells with approximately the same efficiency. Analysis of the intracellular DNA from cells transformed with pMR and pML revealed that both cell types contained a large number of viral DNA copies. However, whereas the pMR-transformed cell clones contained episomally replicating BPV-1 DNA, the pML-transformed cell clones all contained integrated viral genomes. Analysis of RNA from the transformed cells revealed that the pML-transformed cells, unlike the pMR-transformed cells, contained large amounts of antisense BPV-1 transcripts which presumably interfere with the mRNAs that are required for episomal BPV-1 replication. The results are of importance for the future design of BPV-1 vector constructs.

Bovine papillomavirus 1↗