V3 region genotyping of HIV isolates in northern Uganda: heteroduplex mobility assay, nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Italian-Ugandan Cooperation AIDS Program.
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Genes, env↗
Biomedical subjects
P Corti
Publications and source records attributed to P Corti.
Heteroduplex mobility assay and phylogenetic analysis of V3 region sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from Gulu, northern Uganda. The Italian-Ugandan Cooperation AIDS Program.
We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 19 asymptomatic seropositive pregnant women from the district of Gulu in northern Uganda. A 700-bp fragment of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env gene, including the V3-V5 region, was successfully amplified by PCR from 10 samples (52.6%) and was subsequently subjected to both a heteroduplex mobility assay for genetic screening and subtyping and DNA sequence analysis (approximately 300 bp) for nucleotide comparison and phylogenetic studies. The results show the presence of HIV-1 A and D subtypes (or clades) in this rural area, with the prevalence of the A subtype (8 of 10) being greater than that of the D (2 of 10) subtype, which is unlike what was previously reported for Uganda. By pairwise comparison analysis, the percentage of sequence divergence among samples within each subtype is low (the average intrasubtype divergence is 15.8%), but it is significantly higher between the two subtypes (the average intersubtype divergence is 23%). At the amino acid level, the two HIV-1 subtypes show distinct tetramers at the apex of the V3 loop and, in particular, GPGQ in clade A and GPGR in clade D. In addition, 10 of the 19 viral samples (52.6%) have been isolated in vitro. Nine of the samples have been classified as rapid/high, which reflects a high in vitro replication capacity for the HIV-1 field isolates from this country, even for those obtained from seropositive asymptomatic individuals. These observations, despite being made on the basis of a limited sample size, show a modest degree of genetic divergence among samples isolated in the last 4 years in this country by comparison with those based on the 1990 data on HIV-1 isolates from Kampala. The results reported here are, therefore, extremely relevant for Uganda, which is one of the selected World Health Organization field sites for future HIV-1 vaccine evaluation programs.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Italian emigration: historiography, anthropology, and comparative research].
"This brief paper identifies the most important moments and the most significant studies of Italian historiography on emigration. These range from the first formulation of economic and national models of the Italian exodus to their subsequent fragmentation into a mosaic of regional and local historical and anthropological studies. Ultimately, this will allow a much needed conceptual synthesis, aiming at new comparative research objectives, and a less specialized and sectorial analysis of emigration. Such an approach would also help us to tackle the migrational phenomena in contemporary society with a greater historical awareness and with more adequate cultural comprehension." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND ITA AND SPA)
Anthropology↗
New 1-[quinolyl(4)]-1,2,3-triazoles: synthesis and evaluation of antiinflammatory and analgesic properties. I.
The synthesis of new 1-[quinolyl(4)]-1,2,3-triazoles is reported. These have been obtained by reacting 4-azidoquinolines with ethyl p-nitrobenzoylacetate. The synthesized compounds, tested for antiinflammatory and analgesic activities, results moderately active as antiinflammatories, but with a very interesting analgesic activity, sometimes higher than that of indomethacin, used as reference drug.
Analgesics↗
[Societies without men and the integration of women abroad: migration and female roles. The case of Italy].
"The role of women during the 'grande emigrazione' from Italy at the end of the century needs to be studied from two different angles. First it is necessary to identify what was preserved and what evolved in the societies that were left behind after the departure of the menfolk....Second, it is necessary to describe the role played by the women who emigrated abroad, and therefore to look at the conditions they met with in the foreign countries where they arrived alone, or as wives, daughters and mothers. These two aspects of the relationship between gender and migration are dealt with in this article, which reflects the current debate in Italy on the subject." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA AND ITA)
Acculturation↗
Pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolines, synthesis and specific inhibition of benzodiazepine receptor binding. Note II.
Two new series of 2-arylpyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3-ones (6,8-difluoro- and 7,9-dichloro-derivatives) have been synthesized and tested for their ability to displace [3H]flunitrazepam from rat brain membranes. Several compounds possess comparable and sometimes higher affinity for central benzodiazepine receptors than that of diazepam. Some selected compounds were also tested in vivo in the anti-pentylenetetrazol test; some anticonvulsant activity resulted for the 6,8-difluoroderivatives only.
Animals↗
Near infrared reflectance analysis: features and applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
Growing interest has recently been expressed for the qualitative and quantitative analytical capabilities of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) in the measurement of physical and chemical parameters. The authors described the details of the method and its applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors.
Animals↗
The single-pass perfused rabbit ear as a model for studying percutaneous absorption of clonazepam. I. General characteristics.
A single-pass perfused rabbit ear was employed as the model for studying percutaneous absorption of clonazepam in an open perfusion system. Clonazepam at 1.5% concentration (w/w) was suspended in a gel containing 1% (w/w) neutralized Carbopol 934 vehicled by a 50% water solution of propylene glycol and applied to the skin, in a thermostatically controlled chamber, after 10 min pretreatment with a lauryl alcohol enhancer. At 32 degrees C, the amount of clonazepam which diffused into the effluent after a 3 h lag phase was constant for 3 h and the flux averaged 0.486 mcg/h/cm2, whereas at 25 degrees C, the flux averaged 0.424 mcg/h/cm2. The amount of drug diffusing into the effluent was a function of the contact surface area and was independent of the rate of perfusion up to values of 1 ml/min. The apparent diffusion coefficient, Ds, and the partition coefficient, KM, were 2.75/10(6)/cm/h and 5.21, respectively.
Administration, Cutaneous↗
Application of derivative resolution of UV spectra to the quality control of rifaximine and its possible impurities.
An UV spectrophotometric method with derivative resolution was developed for the analysis of rifaximine (a synthetic rifamycin) in the presence of potential impurities of synthesis and oxidation. The method was particularly suitable for the qualitative identification of the set of compounds and had good detection limits.
Drug Contamination↗
Thin-layer chromatography and densitometry in drug assay: comparison of methods for monitoring valproic acid in plasma.
A thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method is described for the assay of the anti-epileptic drug, valproic acid, in plasma. The use of high-performance (HPTLC) plates gave sensitive detection limits (4.87 micrograms ml-1) for derivatives of valproic acid and the reproducibility on the same or different plates was good. Comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography showed a similar performance of plate and column.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Thin layer densitometry in the quantitative assay of drugs. Note V--Assay of reserpine and chlorthalidone in the presence of the potential impurities of their solid pharmaceutical forms.
Densitometric detection of compounds separated by thin layer was applied to the assay of a mixture of reserpine and chlorthalidone and their possible impurities. The method of analysis gave satisfactory results in the quality control of pharmaceutical preparations. Good results were obtained in urine tests for the detection of chlorthalidone, reserpine and methylreserpate. The times for the development of fluorescence in reserpine and methylreserpate directly in the chromatographic plate, are also described.
Chlorthalidone↗
In vitro study of clonazepam diffusion kinetics from solutions or hydrophilic gel.
Preliminary studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of temperature, pH and ionic strength of the donor and receptor medium on the solubility, partition coefficient and diffusion rate of clonazepam across a lipophilic artificial membrane, in view of future setting up of transdermal formulation of this drug. The in vitro release of clonazepam from a carbopol hydrogel was also investigated.
Chemical Phenomena↗
Application of reflectance NIRS spectroscopy to pharmaceutical quality control solid binary mixtures.
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Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
Drug analysis by near-infra-red reflectance spectroscopy. Determination of the active ingredient and water content in antibiotic powders.
Near-infra-red reflectance spectroscopy is used to determine the active ingredient concentration and water content of an antibiotic powder (ceftazidime pentahydrate). The validity of predictive models for active ingredient concentrations and water content, constructed by means of the multiple linear regression technique is discussed. A procedure is devised for the analysis of production samples, which, on account of the very limited range of concentrations, prove a difficult fit to the above-mentioned model. The results obtained in testing formulation samples from 1 year's industrial production are used to illustrate the potential of the technique.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Densitometric control of the degradation products of vitamin B1 and calculating activation factors].
The authors perfect a TLC method with densitometric detection for the determination of vitamin B1 in the presence of its hydrolytic and oxidation products. The decomposition process and the proportions of products formed in the ampoules under different conditions of temperature/time treatment are also investigated and the activation factors (z and FO) of thiamine thermical decomposition, for their application in sterilization processes.
Densitometry↗
Formulation factors influencing the release of clonazepam from a carbopol hydrogel.
A study of formulation factors influencing the release of clonazepam from a Carbopol hydrogel through a cellulose nitrate membrane impregnated with lauryl alcohol was performed using two diffusion cell assemblies. The formulation variables were the cosolvent effects of propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol of different molecular weights in aqueous solutions of various composition. The gel formulation phenomenologically behaves as a zero-order release system, although the diffusion controlled mechanism may also be operative. The results showed that both methods were practically equivalent in terms of drug release profile and total drug released allowing the best formulation to be found.
Acrylic Resins↗
[Congenital absence of pericardium in a case of a variant of Marfan syndrome].
We describe a case of congenital absence of the pericardium of a 42 year-old patient with a variant of Marfan's Syndrome involving the skeletal and cardiovascular system. The diagnosis was formulated not only through an accurate clinical examination, but also through non-invasive tests like a standard radiography of the chest, an echocardiography M-mode and 2-D and a doppler-analysis.
Adult↗
Application of NIRS to the quantity control of pharmaceuticals ketoprofen assay in different pharmaceutical formulae.
The possibility of using reflectance NIRS to assay 2-(benzoylphenyl)-propionic acid (Ketoprofen) in solid-state and gel preparations is investigated. The number of samples and amplitude of the percentage content distribution of the samples is examined in order to define the best possible calibration system.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗