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Biomedical subjects

P Cramer

Publications and source records attributed to P Cramer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Effect of apomorphine on the bladder of parkinsonian patients].

Neurogenic bladder frequently occurs in Parkinson's disease. Detrusor hyperreflexia is a consequence of nigrostriatal dopamine depletion whereas mechanism of hyporeflexia remains unclear. We compared the results of cystometry and urethral profilometry with and without apomorphine (and L dopa) in 12 idiopathic parkinsonians with urinary disorders off dopaminergic treatment. Hyperreflexic patients improved with apomorphine and to a lesser extent with L dopa, whereas these drugs had no effect on hyperreflexic patients. These results confirm the role of dopaminergic lesions in the occurrence of bladder hyperreflexia and the possible action of non dopaminergic lesions in the occurrence of hyporeflexia.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Anger and the use of defense mechanisms in college students.

It was hypothesized that experimentally induced anger would result in an increased use of defense mechanisms in college students. As predicted from the theory of defense mechanism development, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) stories of angered students showed a higher level of use of projection and identification, and the use of these defenses was significantly correlated with the presence of aggressive content in the stories. The results were consistent with previous studies in showing that the predominant defenses of late adolescents are projection and identification, and that men use more projection than women.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Correlation between seric antitumor activity and concomitant resistance in mice bearing nonimmunogenic tumors.

Serum from mice bearing five weakly immunogenic or nonimmunogenic tumors inducing concomitant resistance exhibited a growth-inhibitory activity on in vitro proliferation of the tumor cells. This activity was proportional to the intensity of concomitant resistance and correlated with the capacity to restrain metastatic development. It was not attributable to cytotoxic antibodies, was relatively nonspecific, and operated through a cytostatic and reversible mechanism. All attempts to transfer antitumor resistance in vivo by serum inoculation have failed, but this could be attained by parabiosis. Physical and chemical serum treatments suggest that heat-, acid-, and alkali-resistant peptide(s) with molecular weights ranging from 1000 to 3000 could account for this inhibitory effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Children's defensive responses and emotional upset following a disaster: a projective assessment.

Projective stories were used to assess the defense mechanisms of 27 preadolescent boys who were victims of a lightning strike in which one boy died. Denial, projection, and identification, in combination, were found to be inversely related to clinical upset, as was the age and sex-appropriate individual defense of projection. In addition, low-defensive boys' self-reports of fears agreed more often with their parents' reports of sleep and somatic disturbances than did high-defensive boys' self-reports. The findings provide support for the validity of the Defense Mechanism Manual (Cramer, 1982) and raise the issue of defense mechanisms as moderator variables in self-report questionnaires.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Use of the TAT to measure change in defense mechanisms following intensive psychotherapy.

Changes in the use of defense mechanisms (denial, projection, and identification) were examined over a period of approximately 15 months of intensive treatment of 90 seriously disturbed young adults who were hospitalized in an intensive, open, long-term treatment setting. Patients independently judged to have primarily an anaclitic or an introjective personality configuration (Blatt, 1974; Blatt & Shichman, 1983) were assessed for psychiatric symptoms and aspects of interpersonal behavior both on admission and after an average of 15 months of treatment. Findings based on an independent assessment of TAT protocols at these two times indicated a significant (p less than .05) decline in total use of defenses for the entire sample, but especially for introjective patients. Further, this decline in total use of defenses in the TAT was significantly associated with a reduction in psychiatric symptoms. Also, sex-incongruent patients (anaclitic men and introjective women) were found to use different defenses and to change in ways different from sex-congruent patients (anaclitic women and introjective men).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Bladder-neck opening test in spinal cord injury patients using a new i.v. alpha-blocking agent, alfuzosin.

A bladder-neck opening test using alfuzosin, a new alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent, was carried out in 21 patients with spinal cord injury. The efficacy of alfuzosin was assessed with 4 simple urodynamic parameters: micturition, residual urine, posterior urethral pressure and diameter. Both mean urethral pressure and diameter were significantly affected after the administration of 5 mg i.v. alfuzosin. The test was clinically positive in 18 patients: 11 out of 13 patients using intermittent catheterisation or continuous drainage urinated and 6 out of 8 patients already tapping had reduced residual urine volumes. A decrease in posterior urethral pressure was also observed in 2 out of 3 patients who did not respond clinically to alfuzosin. Alfuzosin was well tolerated during this test. Oral alfuzosin should therefore be investigated in patients who gave a satisfactory response to such a test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Schizophrenia and the perception of emotions. How accurately do schizophrenics judge the emotional states of others?

Audiovisual tapes of emotional situations were shown to 34 schizophrenics and 15 controls who were asked to rate the emotional content of the scenes using an adjective check-list. The schizophrenic patients failed to detect the dominant character of the scenes, and perceived the opposite emotions to those perceived by the controls. Such deviant responses were not related to paranoid symptoms, flattened affect, formal thought disorder, general level of morbidity, or duration of in-patient stay.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Open trial of betaxolol in the treatment of arterial hypertension in pregnancy, pilot study].

The efficacy and the safety of betaxolol (BTX), a cardio-selective adrenoceptor blocking agent with a long half life, was tested in 22 hypertensive pregnant women. BTX doses varied from 10 to 40 mg/day. BTX given as monotherapy (n = 19) or associated to dihydralazine (n = 3) led to a satisfactory control of arterial blood pressure (ABP). In the mother, the drug was very well tolerated. (table; see text) The fetal safety, evaluated by mean of cardiotocography and echography was also satisfactory. Fetal heart rythm was significantly slowed following first intake of BTX and remained stable until delivery; there was only one case of intra-uterine growth retardation pre-existing to the pharmacological treatment. Nine deliveries were ceasarian [fetal distress (n = 1); poor control ABPI (n = 1); obstetrical reasons (n = 7)]. Seventeen neonates were full-term and six were premature (twins included). The state of neonates at birth was very satisfactory (Apgar at 5 minutes greater than 9 in 21/23). Glycemia less than 1.66 mmoles/1 in two neonates, was normal within 24 to 48 hours. In conclusion, BTX was very efficacious in controlling increased blood pressure in pregnant women and its safety in the mother, the fetus and the newborn was very good.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cytogenetic study of myeloid and erythroid colonies in chronic myeloid leukaemia with stable Ph1 mosaicism.

We have investigated two chronic myeloid leukaemic (CML) patients with a stable Ph1 mosaicism to see whether the Ph1 positive cells belonged to more than one lineage. Individual erythroid and granulocytic colonies were cytogenetically examined. Ph1-positive and Ph1-negative colonies were found both in the erythroid and granulocytic lineage supporting the contention that CML with a stable Ph1 mosaicism as well as classical CML involves a pluripotent stem cell.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1987

Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin on leukemic erythroid colony formation in human early erythroblastic leukemias.

Erythroid colonies from five patients with an early erythroblastic leukemia were obtained in "serum-free" cultures in the presence or absence of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and homogeneous native erythropoietin (Epo). Erythroid colonies with abnormal morphology and karyotype could be grown in different culture conditions. Their erythroid nature was ascertained by the presence of carbonic anhydrase I and glycophorin A. Leukemic erythroid progenitors strongly differed from normal progenitors in that spontaneous colonies were always obtained, sometimes with an extremely high plating efficiency (up to 5.7%). Colonies were found to be autonomous from exogenous hematopoietic growth factors because they were still obtained with a high plating efficiency at an average of one cell per culture in the absence of any added growth factor. No evidence for an autocrine secretion of Epo or GM-CSF emerged because Epo or GM-CSF could not be detected by biologic or radioimmunologic assays from the culture supernatant or cellular extracts of the leukemic cells and that Epo or GM-CSF antibodies did not block autonomous growth. In all cases, however, hematopoietic growth factors increased the plating efficiency of the abnormal erythroid progenitors. In the two "de novo" leukemias, leukemic erythroid progenitors responded primarily to Epo, whereas in the three other patients' (chronic myeloid leukemia) blast crisis they responded maximally to GM-CSF plus Epo. Recombinant erythroid-potentiating activity had no effect in any of these cases. These results suggest that the leukemic erythroid clonogenic cells arise from expansion of erythroid progenitors at different levels of differentiation (ie, CFU-E or BFU-E, depending upon the disease) and that autonomous growth is not related to a secretion of Epo or GM-CSF.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1986

Phenotype of early erythroblastic leukemias.

Nine cases of early erythroblastic leukemia, unidentified by usual criteria, have been diagnosed using a panel of antibodies. Three cases arose in patients with Down's syndrome, one in a patient with therapy-related leukemia, and four patients were in blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia; only one case arose de novo. Blast cells could be assigned to two main stages of erythroid differentiation: presence of all erythroid-specific proteins in two patients, a phenotype corresponding to an immature erythroblast; absence of the erythroid markers such as glycophorin A and spectrin in the presence of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I, ABH group antigens, and the antigen defined by FA6 152 monoclonal antibody in six patients, a phenotype related to a late erythroid progenitor (CFU-E). One patient had an intermediate phenotype. All patients except one demonstrated a megakaryocytic component. In three patients, chromosomal abnormalities were present, detected both in blasts and in erythroid colonies. In conclusion, these findings indicate that most "cryptic erythroleukemias" are blocked at a "CFU-E-like" stage of differentiation, it may be a frequent event in Down's syndrome and chronic myeloid leukemia, and these erythroleukemias are phenotypically heterogeneous.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1985

Hodgkin's disease in childhood and adolescence: results of chemotherapy-radiotherapy in clinical stages IA-IIB.

From April 1972 to May 1980, 72 children and adolescents (aged 5 to 19 years old, median 16) with Hodgkin's disease, clinical stages IA-IIB (IA, 18; II2A, two areas involved on the same side of the diaphragm, 23; II3+A, three areas or more, 16; IIB, 15) were prospectively treated in two successive clinical trials (H 72 and H 77). Clinical stages IA and II2A received three courses of mechlorethamine, Oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) and supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy (40 Gy), and no laparotomy was performed. Clinical stages II3+A and IIB received either six cycles of MOPP (H 72), three cycles of MOPP, or three cycles of CCNU, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone (CVPP) (H 77) and subsequently had a laparotomy followed by supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy and a lumboaortic field if results of laparotomy were positive. Patients without evidence of mediastinal involvement did not have mediastinal radiotherapy. At the completion of therapy, the disease in 70 of 72 patients was in complete remission (one failure, one death during treatment). Eight patients relapsed (in situ, 1; marginal, 1; nonirradiated subdiaphragmatic area, 6) after three to 57 months of complete remission (median 20 months); one patient died after relapse. There were three deaths after complete remission of the disease (infection, two; acute nonlymphocytic leukemia [ANLL], one). As of June 1984 the median follow-up was 82 months (range, 49 to 145 months), the actuarial probabilities for survival and freedom from relapse for all patients being 91.6% and 87.6%, respectively. There was no statistical difference according to clinical stage, age (greater than 15 or less than 15 years), sex, or number of cycles of chemotherapy (six or three). Bone growth defects related to radiotherapy were reduced particularly in the 29 patients who did not receive mediastinal radiotherapy. None of these patients had a mediastinal relapse. Azoospermia was the rule for the male patients studied, but young girls and young women retained reproductive integrity.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Carbonic anhydrase I is an early specific marker of normal human erythroid differentiation.

The expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) as a marker of erythroid differentiation was investigated by immunologic and enzymatic procedures. A polyclonal anti-CA antibody was obtained by immunizing rabbits with purified CA I isozyme. This antibody is reactive with CA I but not with CA II. Within blood cells, CA I was only present in erythrocytes, whereas CA II was also detected in platelet lysates by enzymatic assay. Concerning marrow cells, identifiable erythroblasts and some blast cells expressed CA I. Most of the glycophorin A-positive marrow cells were clearly labeled by the anti-CA I antibody. However, rare CA I-positive cells were not reactive with anti-glycophorin A antibodies. We therefore investigated whether these cells were erythroid precursors or progenitors. In cell sorting experiments of marrow cells with the FA6 152 monoclonal antibody, which among hematopoietic progenitors is reactive only with CFU-E and a part of BFU-E, was performed, CA I+ cells were found mainly in the positive fraction. The percentage of CA I+ cells nonreactive with anti-glycophorin A antibodies contained in the two fractions was in the same range as the percentage of erythroid progenitors identified by their capacity to form colonies. In addition, the anti-CA I antibody labeled blood BFU-E-derived colonies as early as day 6 of culture, whereas in similar experiments with the anti-glycophorin A antibodies, they were stained three or four days later. No labeling was observed in CFU-GM- or CFU-MK-derived colonies. The phenotype of the day 6 cells expressing CA I was similar to that of erythroid progenitors (CFU-E or BFU-E): negative for glycophorin A and hemoglobin, and positive for HLA-DR antigen, the antigen identified by FA6 152, and blood group A antigen. Among the cell lines tested, only HEL cells expressed CA I, while K562 was unlabeled by the anti-CA I antibody. In contrast, HEL and K562 cells expressed CA II as detected by a biochemical technique. Synthesis of CA I, as with other erythroid markers such as glycophorin A and hemoglobin, was almost abolished after 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate treatment of HEL cells. In conclusion, CA I appears to be an early specific marker of the erythroid differentiation, expressed by a cell with a similar phenotype as an erythroid progenitor.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1983

Leydig-cell function in children after direct testicular irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

To assess the effect of testicular irradiation on testicular endocrine function, we studied 12 boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had been treated with direct testicular irradiation 10 months to 8 1/2 years earlier. Insufficient Leydig-cell function, manifested by a low response of plasma testosterone to chorionic gonadotropin or an increased basal level of plasma luteinizing hormone (or both), was observed in 10 patients, 7 of whom were pubertal. Two of these patients had a compensated testicular endocrine insufficiency with only high plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone. Testosterone secretion was severely impaired in three pubertal boys studied more than four years after testicular irradiation. A diminished testicular volume indicating tubular atrophy was found in all pubertal patients, including three who had not received cyclophosphamide or cytarabine. These data indicate that testosterone insufficiency is a frequent complication of testicular irradiation, although some patients continue to have Leydig-cell activity for several years after therapy.

Adolescent↗