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Biomedical subjects

P Cramer

Publications and source records attributed to P Cramer.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Monitoring anticancerous and antileukemic chemotherapy in children].

Chemotherapy is essential for the treatment of malignant diseases in childhood. Monitoring a child on chemotherapy includes: 1) looking for evidences of relapse or metastases; 2) if necessary, adjusting doses according to blood counts; 3) preventing and treating intercurrent infections, which are mostly viral, once the initial regimen is completed; 4) diagnosing and, if possible, treating, harmful side-effects, which cannot always be precluded; 5) helping both patient and family to live a normal life; in this respect, normal school attendance is of particular significance.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

Children's use of defense mechanisms in reaction to displeasure caused by others.

Two groups of children (mean ages = 7-0 and 10-1) were presented with eight video vignettes depicting unpleasant child-related situations. The child's defensive reaction was evaluated by means of an open-ended free response and by choice of one of four response alternatives: turning against the object, turning against the self, projection, and reversal. Sex- and age-related differences were predicted, and found in the younger age group: Boys chose turning against the object more often than did girls, who chose reversal more often than did boys.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Iron-deficiency anemia. Hematologist's viewpoint].

Enlarged spleen, fever, increased susceptibility to infections, and thrombocytosis, are manifestations of iron deficiency which are relatively specific of pediatric patients. Iron deficiency anemia is part of everyday pediatrics. Patients are referred to the hematologist in the following situations: 1) Therapy is ineffective for one of the following reasons: the hypochromic anemia is not caused by iron deficiency (hemoglobinopathies); iron is less efficiently used because of transferrin deficiency or infectious, inflammatory or cancerous disease; iron therapy is inadequate either because of insufficient dosage or of suboptimal duration. 2) A relapse occurs in spite of adequate therapy. Before investigating the digestive tract, abnormal hemostasis. Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome and pulmonary hemosiderosis should be considered. 3) Iron deficiency anemia is less common in adolescents. This condition, known as chlorosis, results mainly from increased needs, unbalanced diet, and onset of menses. In some cases no explanation is found but iron therapy leads to recovery. 4) Difficult problems arise in patients with complex anemias: iron deficiency with folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency; hyposideremia complicating one of the hemoglobinopathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Acute rise of pancreatic polypeptide after electroconvulsive therapy.

Plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentrations rise by 320 +/- 81 per cent following administration of electroconvulsive therapy. This rise is observed in the first ten minutes despite premedication of patients with 0.6 mg atropine. Pancreatic polypeptide release is dependent on cholinergic tone and is very sensitive to atropine. The dramatic rise in pancreative polypeptide observed following electroconvulsive therapy probably results from vagal stimulation and reflects insufficient atropine premedication.

Atropine↗
PubMed1982

[Hodgkin's disease in childhood: long term results].

Between 1965 and 1976, 83 previously untreated children aged 15 years and under, with biopsy-proven Hodgkin's disease (HD) were evaluated, treated and followed at Hospital Saint Louis, Paris. Clinical stages were IA-IIA for 59 patients, IB-IIB for 19 patients and III-IV for 5 patients. Two main kinds of treatment were used: monochemotherapy-radiotherapy (MCT-RT) for 26 patients who have received mantle field irradiation followed by a monthly Vinblastine injection during 3 years; 57 patients have received a combination of MOPP and radiotherapy (MOPP-RT). The MOPP-RT treated patients have a significantly better survival and relapse free survival than the MCT-RT treated patients (86.9% vrs 76.1% and 83.5% vs 65.4%). Thirteen relapses were observed after a median complete remission of 30 months: 6 patients are now free from disease and one is still under treatment. Ten patients are dead after a 55 months median survival: 7 died from H.D. and 3 from treatment toxicity. No 2nd cancer or leukemia were observed until now. The main long term complications of therapy were sterility in male patients, growth defects and disturbances of thyroid functions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effects of activated aflatoxin B1 and caffeine on DNA replicon initiation in HeLa cells.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is activated by a rat microsomal extract (S-9) to form a product that inhibits DNA synthesis in HeLa cells. At 10(-7) M, AFB1 inhibited initiation of replicons, as shown in alkaline sucrose gradient profiles 30 min after incubation with the drug. Ninety minutes later, the profile of treated cells was similar to that of control, but 4 h later there was another effect on replicon initiation. At 10(-6) M, the inhibition of initiation was greater than at 10(-7) M and increased progressively. Four hours after removal of the drug, the gradient profile showed low amounts of radioactivity in all size classes of DNA. When cells were incubated in medium containing caffeine (2mM) even as late as 60 min after incubation with AFB1, the inhibition of replicon initiation was prevented. If caffeine was later removed from the medium, replicon initiation was then inhibited. At 10(-7) M or 10(-6) M, AFB1 had little immediate effect on chain elongation, but at 10(-5) M, the gradient profiles showed an accumulation of low molecular weight DNA molecules, with no radioactivity in the region of high molecular weight DNA, owing to a block to chain elongation; this was not affected by caffeine. These results suggest that AFB1 induces damage that changes the conformation of chromatin so that initiation of new replicons cannot occur; in the presence of caffeine this change does not occur and DNA replication is not inhibited.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1981

Chemotherapy-radiotherapy versus chemotherapy in Hodgkin's disease with bone marrow involvement. Retrospective analysis of 32 cases.

A retrospective analysis was performed on 32 patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease with bone marrow involvement treated between 1972 and 1976. After 6 courses of chemotherapy (MOPP for 25 patients), we observed 20 complete remissions (62.5%), 8 lymph node partial remissions (bone marrow sterilization but persistence of pathological lymph nodes) and 4 failures. among the 28 complete or partial responders, 17 received maintenance chemotherapy alone, 9 were submitted to 40 Gy and 2 to 20 Gy irradiations. 15 patients died and 8 relapses occurred - all in previously involved lymph node areas. Survival of complete and partial responders is significantly different (p = 0.01) according to whether they received maintenance chemotherapy alone (34.5%) or irradiation (75.7%). Disease-free duration is also significantly different (p = 0.05) according to whether the patients received maintenance chemotherapy alone (42.1%) or 40 Gy irradiation (100%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Hodgkin's disease in children: long-term therapeutic results (author's transl)].

Between 1965 and 1976, 83 previously untreated children aged 15 years and under, with biopsy-confirmed Hodgkin's disease were assessed, treated, and followed-up at Hoôpital Saint-Louis, Paris. Clinical stages were IA-IIA for 59, IB-IIB for 19, and III-IV for 5 patients. Two main types of treatment were used: - monochemotherapy-radiotherapy in 26 patients who received mantle field irradiation followed by monthly vinblastine injections for 3 years; - 57 patients received a combination of MOPP and radiotherapy. The MOPP-radiotherapy treated patients have a significantly better survival and relapse-free survival than the monochemotherapy-radiotherapy treated patients (86.9 p. cent vs 76.1 p. cent and 83.5 p. cent vs 65.4 p. cent). Thirteen relapses were observed after a median complete remission period of 30 months: 6 patients are now free from disease and one is still under treatment. Ten patients died after a 55 months median survival: 7 died from Hodgkin's Disease and 3 from treatment toxicity. No secondary cancer or leukemia has been observed. The main long-term complications of therapy were sterility in male patients, after chemotherapy, and growth defects and disturbances of thyroid functions after radiotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: an immunoprecipitation method for the determination in feces.

An immunoprecipitation method for the determination of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase (I-AP) in feces is described using anti-human I-AP IgG. Antibodies to human I-AP are monospecific after absorption with human placental alkaline phosphatase and show no cross-reactions with human liver alkaline phosphatase or alkaline phosphatase from E. coli. Normal controls demonstrate a logarithmic normal distribution of I-AP activity in feces. The standard deviation of the intra- as well as of the inter-assay variation is 11.7%. This method represents a simple quantitative non-invasive in vivo assay for brush border damage under experimental and/or clinical conditions.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

The development of sexual identity.

The development of sexual identity was studied in 686 individuals, using a fantasy measure of sexual identity that does not depend on learned sex-role stereotypes. The results showed a marked differentiation between the sexes at pre-adolescence, a loss of differentiation during the freshman year of college that most closely resembled the lack of differentiation in sexual identity of preschool children, and a reemergence of a clear sexual identity during the last years of college. Possible biological, social context, and psychodynamic-maturational explanations for this pattern of development are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

[Activity of small intestine alkaline phosphatase in the feces in chronic intestinal diseases].

In comparison to normal controls (n = 71) the activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in feces is reduced in chronic bowel disease using an immunoprecipitation method: patients with Crohns disease (n = 40) or inactive ulcerative colitis (n = 29) demonstrate small changes of fecal intestinal alkaline phosphate activity in comparison to normal controls. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is reduced in patients with active ulcerative colitis (n = 11) to 50%, in patients with uraemic enteropathy (n = 18) to 30% and in patients with coeliac disease (n = 14) to 20% of the activity observed in normal controls. During cytostatic treatment of malignant tumors, fecal intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity increases as a sign of toxic damage of the intestinal mucosa.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

The relationship between sexual identification and the use of defense mechanisms.

A distinction is made between two levels of sexual identification. The deeper level was measured by May's Deprivation/Enhancement fantasy pattern, while the surface level was assessed using the Masculinity-Femininity of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank. These measures, while clearly differentiating between college males and females, were found to be unrelated to each other. Moreover, the deeper level was found to be related to the use of "masculine" and "feminine" defense mechanisms.

Journal Article↗