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Biomedical subjects

P Emgård

Publications and source records attributed to P Emgård.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A topical steroid without an antibiotic cures external otitis efficiently: a study in an animal model.

In an animal external otitis model, inflammatory reactions were evoked by mechanical stimulation of the rat ear canal skin. The rats were in four groups: group A treated with a group III steroid, betamethasone dipropionate; group B treated with hydrocortisone combined with oxytetracycline; group C treated with hydrocortisone with oxytetracycline and polymyxin B added; Group D, the controls, treated with saline. All rats were observed otomicroscopically daily during the first 7 days after treatment and then on days 10 and 20. A standardized scoring system was used to evaluate colour, swelling and effusion of the ear canal. Histological specimens were collected on days 3, 7, 10 and 20. The most rapid improvement in the ear canal status occurred in the animals treated with betamethasone dipropionate. The inflammatory reaction of the ear canal skin caused by mechanical stimulation was characterized by oedema of the stroma but few inflammatory cells were present. The surface of the epithelium towards the connective tissue layer was smooth in the group III-treated animals (group A) whereas other groups had irregularities of the basal membrane. From this study it is inferred that the group III steroid betamethasone dipropionate alone heals experimentally induced external otitis more rapidly than hydrocortisone with oxytetracycline, with or without polymyxin B. These findings should be considered in future clinical trials of external otitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

Laser-turbinectomy: long-term results.

Hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates is a common cause of nasal obstruction. Many cases respond to medical treatment with topical steroids or antihistamines. In some patients, however, this therapy is not sufficient and through the years many surgical procedures have been used to reduce the size of the inferior turbinates, but without any satisfactory long-term results. Furthermore, these procedures have often been painful to the patient and post-operative complications such as bleeding and crusting have not been uncommon. However, instead of conventional surgery of the turbinates, laser-surgery can be used to reduce their size. In order to investigate the long-term effect of such gross reduction of the turbinates we investigated the post-operative condition of 78 patients who had undergone CO2-laser-turbinectomy due to symptoms of nasal obstruction. Twenty-four to 36 months post-operatively three quarters of all the patients reported a marked decrease in nasal obstruction as well as a reduced frequency of nasal and sinus infections. No complications were reported and the procedure was without any discomfort to the patient. Thus, laser-turbinectomy seems to be an effective, simple and painless method for treatment of nasal obstruction due to hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

An animal model for external otitis.

External otitis was produced in 12 Sprague-Dawley rats by mechanical stimulation through a plastic micropipette inserted into the right external auditory canal (EAC). The EAC was later evaluated regarding the color of the skin, swelling and the presence of fluid. Within 1 day all rats developed an external otitis that was characterized by a red, swollen ear canal containing an opalescent fluid. The tympanic membrane and middle ear cavity appeared to be normal. No healed EACs were seen within the initial 10 days of follow-up and 4 of 6 rats still exhibited external otitis at day 21. Light microscopy of biopsy specimens revealed pronounced edema of the dermis of the ear canal. Mast cells were more numerous in the early phase of the otitis present, although very few inflammatory cells were found in tissues despite the marked inflammatory reaction produced. Findings show that this animal model for external otitis can be used to investigate pathogenesis as well as to test various treatment strategies.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A rat model for bacterial otitis media.

Rat middle ear was exposed to challenge with viable pneumococci, type 3 and 6A, and the course of changes in the middle ear was observed by otomicroscopy and analysis of bacterial samples from blood, nasopharynx and middle ear effusions. Microscopical examination of changes in the middle ear mucosa during and after the acute infection was also made. Depending on the type and concentration of pneumococci, three different results were observed: otitis media with purulent effusion, otitis media with serous effusion, or no reaction at all. The mortality rate was low and most animals recovered within 10 days without postinfectional changes visible by otomicroscopy. The microscopical examination of the middle ear mucosa revealed distinct changes. Inoculation of rat middle ear with pneumococci causes a self-limiting infection that closely resembles acute otitis media in the human. Thus the rat would seem to be a suitable animal model for the study of bacterial otitis media.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland: superficial parotidectomy or limited excision?

In this retrospective study of parotid tumours, 57 patients with pleomorphic adenomas were treated with superficial parotidectomy and 33 patients with limited excision. The follow-up period has been 4-14 years. When the operation was superficial parotidectomy, recurrences occurred in 8.7 per cent compared to 6 per cent in cases of limited excision. Side-effects such as permanent weakness of the facial nerve or post-operative gustatory sweating were also more common when superficial parotidectomy was performed. The post-operative results observed suggest that limited excision under magnification is more favourable than superficial parotidectomy in the treatment of pleomorphic adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Vertical saccades in brain stem disorders.

Mean peak velocity and accuracy of vertical saccades were measured in 15 patients with disorders in the brain stem and in 12 normal subjects. (1) In the normal group up-directed saccades were faster than down-directed and the velocity of the saccade was not dependent on the age of the subject. Up-saccades were faster whether electro-oculography or photo-electro-oculography were used. (2) In patients with brain stem disorders the velocity of vertical saccades did not significantly differ from the saccadic velocity in the normal group. This is in contrast to what was found in horizontal saccades, where a reduced velocity was characteristic.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A rat model for pneumococcal otitis media.

The middle ears of 29 male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with viable pneumococci, type 3 or 6A, and changes were monitored by otomicroscopy and analysis of bacterial samples from middle ear effusions, blood, and the nasopharynx. Depending on the type of pneumococci and its concentration, three responses were noted: otitis media with purulent effusion, otitis media with serous effusion, or no reaction. The mortality rate was low and the animals recovered without permanent deterioration or otomicroscopically discernable change. The results of this study show the rat to be a suitable animal model for the study of bacterial otitis media.

Animals↗