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Biomedical subjects

P Engelhardt

Publications and source records attributed to P Engelhardt.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Granules 25-30 nm in diameter: basic constituent of the nuclear matrix, chromosome scaffold, and nuclear envelope.

Rat liver nuclear matrix and similar structures derived from isolated Chironomus polytene chromosomes, nuclear envelopes, and intranuclear bodies of frog late oocytes (the karyospheres) were studied by electron microscopy with platinum shadowing and negative staining. We have shown that the treatment of whole nuclei, nuclear envelopes, polytene chromosomes, or karyospheres with nonionic detergent, high salt, and RNase and DNase followed by dilute alkali or hyaluronidase digestion reveals numerous rather uniform granules 25-30 nm in diameter. With omission of the nucleases the granules appear to be associated with DNA strands mostly organized in loops. Many granules form clusters and are arranged in linear or arch-like aggregates or cycles resembling the pore complexes. We suppose that these spherical bodies constitute a basic component of the nuclear matrix, chromosome scaffold, and nuclear envelope and are bound together by hyaluronic acid or some similar glycosaminoglycan.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Does Osgood--Schlatter disease influence the position of the patella?

The Blackburne and Peel method of assessing the position of the patella was applied to 185 knees with Osgood--Schlatter disease in 125 patients. The normal index of 0.80 was confirmed in 73 control knees. The average index in the knees with Osgood--Schlatter disease measured 1.01 (patella alta) boys and 0.91 in girls. The value increased to 1.06 in boys with radiological evidence of loose ossicles in the tibial tuberosity or the patellar tendon. This finding indicates that the strong pull of the well-developed quadriceps muscle is probably the most important aetiological factor in patella alta associated with Osgood--Schlatter disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Methotrexate resistance in acute lymphatic leukemia treated intrathecally].

During intrathecal methotrexate therapy of meningeal manifestations of acute lymphatic leukemia, renewed occurrence of lymphoblasts in the cerebrospinal fluid cell picture developed in two women. Prompt clearance could be attained by application of cytosine arabinoside. Methotrexate-resistance as one reason is discussed. The value of differentiated cerebrospinal fluid cell investigations for diagnosis and treatment of meningeal leukemia is pointed out. Neuralgic pain syndrome due to neoplastic neuropathy by direct infiltration of peripheral nerves are discussed, therapeutic measures pointed out.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Determination of methotrexate in serum by a rapid, fully mechanized enzyme immunoassay (EMIT).

A homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for the determination of methotrexate in serum (EMIT, Syva Corp.) was fully mechanized by the use of an Eppendorf analyzer 5010. Coefficients of variation from day to day were in the range 2--16%. A comparison of the results obtained by EMIT and a radioimmunoassay (Methotrexate 125 I Radioimmunoassay Kit, Diagnostic Biochemistry Inc.) in a series of 50 samples from patients showed a good correlation between both methods. The specificity of the EMIT assay appeared to be adequate. The time required for the determination of about 20 patient samples by this procedure was only about 80 minutes. From our clinical experimence the EMIT assay appears to be well suited for routine monitoring of methotrexate serum concentrations above 0.1 mumol/1 during intrathecal and high dose methotrexate therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Transient ischemic attacks with intracranial tumors (author's transl)].

Transient ischemic attacks are not only the consequence of cerebral atherosclerosis. A woman of 48 years had transient ischemic attacks because of a meningeom narrowing the internal carotid artery. A steal syndrome in tumor vessels of a glioblastoma must be presumed in a man of 67 showing initial hemisyndrome with first transient, later on remaining palsy.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Cytostatic treatment of meningeal blastoses.

Intrathecal treatment with MTX was attempted in patients with diffuse meningeal blastoses. As a rule, symptoms and clinical findings improved rapidly. As objective parameters, the differential cell pictures of the CSF showed dissimilar results during therapy (25 mg MTX weekly i.t.). In leukoses (n = 10) and malignant lymphomas (n = 12), the CSF could be cleared with three exceptions which concerned differentiated tumors. The success was similarly good with meningeal dissemination of a seminoma. Meningeal carcinoses with mammary carcinoma (n = 7) and melanoma (n = 2) showed dissimilar results. No alteration of the cytograms of four bronchial carcinomas and one colon carcinoma was demonstrable. Besides the growth form, the degree of differentiation appears to be decisive for the success of therapy. The labeling index appears to be a useful indicator. Since symptoms and clinical findings often markedly improve even when a success cannot be objectively detected cytologically, an attempt at therapy is always to be recommended.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

[Treatment of beginning juvenile detachment of the femoral head, taking growth of the femoral neck into account (author's transl)].

Prevention of further detachment is the primary aim in the immediate treatment of beginning juvenile detachment of the femoral head. Screwing of the epiphysis of the head, first introduced by M. E. Mueller (1965), has proved successful. Besides providing immediate mechanical stability, this method, however, results in premature ossification of the joint of the femoral neck. Epiphysiodesis has a particularly unfavourable effect in early childhood, because it inhibits proper growth of the leg and development of the mechanism of the hip joint on account of the shortened femoral neck. Spiking of the epiphysis with Krischner screw wires guarantees safe fixation of the epiphyseal head on the one hand, and sufficient freedom of femoral neck growth on the other. Surgical treatment requires knowledge of the changed hip joint anatomy of the child. Preoperative planning via drawing to determine the length and position of the implantate on the basis of standardised x-ray films, will help to prevent operative failures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Anatomical and biomechanical considerations for medullary nailing (author's transl)].

By using X-ray films of 390 adult femurs and 15 cadaveric femurs of Japanese origin, and by measuring successive cross-sections the authors have made morphological and statistical analyses of the shape of the femoral medullary canal. These studies suggest new dimensions for the diameter of the reamer and the amount of contact area between nail and inner cortex. Furthermore it was found that the physiological antecurvature of the femur on the lateral view does not correspond with the prebending of the OA-nail. The authors made some mechanical experiments on four types of nails which are widely used today. As a consequence of these studies, the authors developed a new elastic nail for trial (Okayama-nail). This new type of nail greatly increases the area of contact with the inner femoral cortex. Obviously this nail satisfies better all of Kuentscher's originally mentioned requirements an intramedullary nail.

Adolescent↗