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Biomedical subjects

P Engelhardt

Publications and source records attributed to P Engelhardt.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Intracerebral calcifications. Etiology and symptomatic (author's transl)].

The importance of x-ray-investigations of skull is demonstrated in ten remarkable examples. Mostly intracerebral calcification follows inflammatory, traumatic, neoplastic or metabolic disease. In spite of the simplification of contrast-investigations which have assumed great importance x-ray-films of skull often permit specific diagnostic assessment and therefore should be done first.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[The value and limits of cerebrospinal fluid cytology].

Based on the results of about 10,000 cytological evaluations of the cerebrospinal fluid using two different technical methods clinical value concerning diagnosis is discussed. Three cytological syndromes are described: the inflammatory syndrome can be differentiated in an aucte and chronical form. Functional dynamic aspects are affirmed to be by far more effective in diagnosis as well as therapy than etiological conclusions. The irritation syndrome is non-specific with the very important exception of hemorrhages in the subarachnoidal space, which are detectable even months later. Tumor cells can be found in a higher percentage when neoplasms are secondary, while primary brain tumours show less typical cell patterns allowing certain differentiation.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Intrathecal cytostatic therapy of meningeal carcinomatosis. Autoradiographic investigations of the CSF cells.

Autoradiographic investigations with 3H-thymidine were performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells from a case of meningeal carcinomatosis following carcinoma of the breast. The cells were found to be anaplastic histologically. Within a period of 12 days 3 X 25 mg methotrexate were injected into the subarachnoid space by lumbar (2 X) or cisternal (1 X) puncture. The CSF cells were reduced from 283/3 to 19/3, while the proportion of tumour cells fell from 90 to 2%. The labelling index before onset of therapy was 33%; it increased to 70% after the first intrathecal administration of cytostatic and finally fell to 23%. The mitotic index, which was generally less reliable, behaved in a parallel way; the initial value of 1.5% increased to 3% and then declined to values less than 0.5%. Despite detailed histological investigation, carcinomatous cells could not be found anywhere on the surfaces of the central nervous system or meninges. Clinically, the patient had never shown significant neuropathological or psychopathological findings. However, the headache which had been very severe during the meningeal carcinomatosis vanished completely after the second application of methotrexate.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[CSF-evaluation in unilateral, bilateral and alternant facial paralysis (author's transl)].

Etiology of idiopathic facial paralysis remains mostly unknown because further investigations seem unnecessary being the only symptom. Differentiated evaluation of CSF however for cytological or proteinous abnormalities should be performed aside serological examinations. In 9 patients treated within 8 months in our hospital diagnosis could be made by these procedures. Inflammation, if cause of facial paralysis, can only call pleocytosis, if localised within or next to the leptomeninges; protein of CSF perhaps will increase, if local inflammation of the nerve is more distant to subarachnoid space. "Idiopathic facial paralysis" however will not exclude focal inflammation far from subarachnoid space. Surgical decompression should not be performed without previous examination of CSF in regard of it's uncertain success.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The diagnostic value of enzymes in cerebrospinal fluid (author's transl)].

The clinical value of enzyme activities in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) should be proved by examination of GOT, GPT, LDH and CPK in blood and CSF of 115 unselected and 4 selected patients. Only the GOT showed a significant correlated increase in diffuse vascular diseases in both, serum and CSF. Discussing the literature the authors affirm, that only mechanical or functional lesion of the blood-brain-barrier will increase the enzyme activities in serum and CSF. The origin of these enzymes however is unknown till now.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1975

[Cytodiagnosis of central nervous systems tumors: comparative study of cytological (CSF) and histological results (author's transl)].

From a group of 52 tumours of the CNS it was possible to make a study of 35 (10 primary and 25 metastatic) to see if the nature of the neoplasm could be established from an examination of the cells of the CSF, comparing the results with those obtained by histological examination of the tumour tissues. There are very few dependable criteria to be found in the cells sedimented from the CSF (secretory activity; degree of differentiation) so, generally, only a determination as to whether the tumour is primary or metastatic, and if epithelial or mesodermal, can be made. Organ specificity can be identified only as regards the metastatic hypernephromas and thyroid carcinomas.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

[Cerebrospinal fluid cytological diagnosis of primary and metastatic tumours of the central nervous system (author's transl)].

In the routine cytological examination of the lumbar CSF of 4000 patients, the diagnosis of a tumour was made in 46 cases, most being metastases to the CNS, 20 having meningeal carcinomatosis. There were 9 malignant cerebral tumours of neuroepithelial origin, 2 spinal meningioma and 1 spinal neurinomas. Autochtonous cerebral tumours rarely exfoliate or become differentiated so are more difficult to identify and especially to distinguish from the nonspecific CSF irritation syndrome. On the other hand metastases are morphologically distuinguishable by cell type and the large number of mitoses. Cytological study of the CSF is of great diagnostic value and, in some cases is the only way to make the correct diagnosis.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

[Peculiarities in the sterile operating cabin (author's transl)].

With helium filled bubbles from a bubble generator we could demonstrate dangerous turbulences around the operating area in the sterile operating cabin (Greenhouse). The bubbles follow a pattern corresponding to the direction of the turbulent air-stream. Special reference is made to the effect of objects and the surgeon within the area of down flow laminar airflow.

Air Movements↗
PubMed1975

[Diagnostic value of siderophages in the cytogram of cerebrospinal fluid].

The demonstration of siderophages in the cerebrospinal fluid is a very reliable diagnostic tool for identifying hemorrhage in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system. Siderophages are found 4 days after spontaneous or traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and persist in some cases up to 120 days, which makes them a reliable indicator of a previous hemorrhage. These findings are the result of an investigation in which 110 samples of cerebrospinal fluid, obtained from 105 patients, were examined for siderophages by the membrane filtration method.

Brain Concussion↗
PubMed1975

[Malalignment of lumbar spine with lumbar PID (author's transl)].

In 322 cases of lumbar PID proved by myelography the radiologically recognizeable malalignment of the lumbar spine was related to site and direction of the prolaps. Scoliosis towards the side of the prolapse was seen in about 70 per cent. Scoliosis convex towards the normal side was significantly more common with right-sided than with left-sided prolapses. Scoliosis was the more pronounced the higher the site of prolapse. The degree of lumbar lordosis, too, appeared to depend on the level of prolapse. The lower the prolapse the less the lordosis. In the individual case one cannot draw any conclusions as to site or direction of a prolapse from radiologically detectable malalignment.

Back Pain↗