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Biomedical subjects

P Gjermo

Publications and source records attributed to P Gjermo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Plaque-inhibiting effect in orthodontic patients of a dentifrice containing stannous fluoride.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the plaque-inhibiting effect of a dentifrice containing stannous fluoride/stannous pyrophosphate during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. The test toothpaste was compared with sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste and paste without fluoride and tin. When applied directly on the teeth, the test paste was found to reduce plaque growth significantly for 24 hours (P < 0.001). A double-blind cross-over designed study with twenty-one subjects showed statistically significant plaque inhibition after a 3-week test period on subjects showed statistically significant plaque inhibition after a 3-week test period on subjects showed statistically significant plaque inhibition after a 3-week test period on teeth with the appliances placed more than 1.5 mm. from the gingival margin (P < 0.01). Plaque reduction on teeth with the appliances placed close to the gingival margin was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). No statistically significant improvement in the gingival condition and no side effects were observed. It is concluded that because of its dual action on plaque and teeth stannous fluoride/stannous pyrophosphate toothpaste may be recommended as supplement to and not substitute for other forms of fluoride supplementation in this category of patients.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1980

Caries increment and gingival status during 2 years' use of chlorhexidine- and fluoride-containing dentifrices.

A total of 91 schoolchildren, 13 years of age, were distributed into three groups. Three test dentifrices were used containing 0.1% NaF, 0.1% NaF and 2% chlorhexidine, and 2% chlorhexidine, respectively. The caries increment and gingival conditions over a period of 2 years were recorded. The caries data of the groups were compared and related to two reference groups in order to estimate a possible influence upon the study results by a change in caries incidence general to the area and age groups in question. There was less caries in the group using the dentifrice containing fluoride and chlorhexidine than in the two other test groups. The differences in caries increment between the groups were not statistically significant. The gingival health seemed to improve in all groups, but there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The caries data from the reference groups indicated that the general trend towards reduced caries incidence was different from that of the study group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

In vivo effect of four antibacterial agents upon the acidogenicity of dental plaque.

The present study was carried out to compare the effect of chlorhexidine, iodine, alcohol and hydrogen peroxide on the acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo. Plaque pH changes after application of sucrose were measured before and at various time intervals after the topical application of the agents. The MIC values of the different agents were assessed against plaque bacteria in vitro. The antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and iodine were similar whereas alcohol and hydrogen peroxide were less effective in the concentrations employed. The results showed that chlorhexidine 2%, iodine 2%, and alcohol 70% inhibited pH drops for a 24-h period after treatment whereas 3% hydrogen peroxide had no effect. Chlorhexidine 0.2% inhibited acid production to a greater extent than did alcohol 50% and iodine 0.2%. It is suggested that retention of chlorhexidine in plaque may explain the observed prolonged effect.

Acids↗
PubMed1979

Determination of fluoride and chlorhexidine from chlorhexidine/fluoride-containing dentifrices.

The intention of the present experiment was to study the effects of a possible interaction between fluoride and chlorhexidine when both agents were incorporated in the same vehicle. The amount of fluoride extractable from dentrifrices containing 0.1% NaF and the fluoride ion activity were not reduced by the addition of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate. Less than 50% of the added chlorhexidine was available when the dentifrices were dissolved in deionized water. This was not affected by the presence of fluoride. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the chlorhexidine-containing dentifrices was not reduced by the addition of fluoride. Approximately 40% of the chlorhexidine was retained in the human oral cavity after brushing for 1 min with both the chlorhexidine- and the chlorhexidine/fluoride-containing dentifrice. Thus the binding of chlorhexidine to vehicle ingredients when dissolved in water is probably too weak to affect the retention in the mouth.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Tooth stain during 2 years' use of chlorhexidine- and fluoride-containing dentifrices.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride upon the stain-inducing capacity of chlorhexidine. Ninety-one children, 13 years of age, volunteered for the experiment. Three test dentifrices were used, containing 0.1% NaF, 0.1% NaF + 2% chlorhexidine, and 2% chlorhexidine respectively. The experiment was carried out as a double-blind test, and the degree of staining was recorded after 1 and 2 years. Four methods were used for stain scoring. The results after 1 year showed that chlorhexidine induced less stain when applied together with fluoride than when applied alone. After 2 years this difference disappeared, indicating that fluoride only retarded chlorhexidine-induced staining of teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Oral candidosis--frequency, treatment and relapse tendency in a group of psychiatric inpatients.

Candida fungi are frequent in the oral cavity, especially in denture wearers. The infection can cause serious complications in elderly or debilitated subject. The present experimental group consisted of 81 female psychiatric patients (35--91 years of age). In addition to a clinical examination, smears from the palate, tongue and dentures (when present) were cultured on Nickerson's medium. Patients with a positive clinical and/or microbiological diagnosis were treated for 35 days with one of two gels containing 1% chlorhexidine. Following the treatment period patients with full or partial dentures took part in a maintenance program, in which the dentures were either soaked in a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution or mechanically cleaned every day for a period of 35 days. Two thirds of the patients showed clinical signs of oral candidosis or had positive cultures preexperimentally. The treatment with chlorhexidine gels resulted in negative cultures in 71% and negative clinical diagnosis gels resulted in negative cultures in 71% and negative clinical diagnosis in 96% of the patients. Mucosal soreness occurred during the treatment period in 8 out of 28 patients wearing full dentures. Xerostomia was not influenced by the chlorhexidine treatment. The relapse tendency was low during the post-treatment period. No clearcut differences between the two maintenance methods could be detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of extrinsic tooth discoloration.

Extrinsic brown tooth discolorations are frequently detected in connection with antibacterial agents used for chemical plaque control. The present investigation confirmed the staining ability of an antibacterial quarternary ammonium salt, benzethoniumchloride, used as a 2% additive to a dentifrice. A weak chelator did not alter the discoloration tendency. Extrinsic discoloration was evaluated both by direct inspection, from color photographs and by using a microphotometric technique. The discoloration tendency was well demonstrated by all three techniques. Evaluation from the color photographs, however, may be preferable in epidemiological surveys while the microphotometric technique may possess certain advantages in detailed experimental discoloration studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Disease and dental health. Opinions of institutional dental care in a group of health personnel].

It is reasonable to expect that dental care for institutionalized persons in Norway will be considerably improved in the near future. Opinions and attitudes towards dentistry of the health personel working in the institutions, will, therefore, be of great interest. The present study which was performed by self-administered questionnaires, showed that most of the health personel at Lier sykehus, a mental hospital near Oslo, were willing to and interested in doing active preventive work. There was, however, lack of knowledge about how to perform preventive dentistry. In the future, information and instruction concerning how to prevent oral disease, will be a meaningful task for the dental health team.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1978

Clinical assessment of periodontal dressings.

Forty-one patients requiring gingivectomy in one or more areas were used for a clinical evaluation of three different periodontal dressings. Sixty-five operations were performed. Whenever possible different dressings were tested in the same patient. The type of dressing was chosen randomly, applied by one operator and left in place for 1 week. The patients were supplied with analgetic tablets. At day 7 the condition of the dressing was evaluated before removal. The patients' subjective experiences of pain, swelling, bleeding and fever, as well as use of pain relieving tablets, were recorded. The wound was evaluated with regard to the degree of epithelialization, presence of denuded bone and granulation tissue. The tendency to bleeding and the sensitivity of the teeth to a water spray (15 degrees C) were tested. At day 14 and 21 the same evaluation procedure was repeated. In addition the presence of plaque in the operated area was assessed. One of the dressings more frequently induced pain and swelling than the others. Tablet consumption was also higher when this dressing had been used. No statistically significant differences were found in the clinical assessment of wound healing, tendency to bleeding and the sensitivity of teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of some polyvalent cations on plaque formation in vivo.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of polyvalent cations on plaque formation in a test panel of students. Heavy plaque formers were selected and plaque formation was enhanced by frequent sucrose rinses. Mouthrinses were performed twice daily with 20 mmol/l SnF2, SnCl2, AlCl3, ZnCl2 and MgCl2, and 40 mmol/l NaF and NaCl. It was found that SnF2 AND SnCl2 exhibited a marked plaque-inhibiting capacity compared with NaF or NaCl. The aluminum, zinc and magnesium salts also reduced plaque formation, although not to the same degree. Polyvalent cations may prevent plque formattion by interaction with negatively charged plaque components essential in the adsorption mechanism, or by inhibiting some enzyme activity essential in plaque formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Gingival fluid flow after gingivectomy related to mechanical or chemical plaque control.

The effects of mechanical tooth cleaning and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinses on healing after gingivectomy were compared in 8 patients by means of a "split mouth" technique. The experiment began after periodontal pack removal on day 7. Gingival fluid was sampled immediately before and on days 14, 21, 28, 35 after gingivectomy. The results showed that mechanical and chemical plaque control were equally effective in promoting healing after gingivectomy as evaluated by gingival fluid measurements.

Adult↗