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Biomedical subjects

P Gjermo

Publications and source records attributed to P Gjermo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Oral hygiene, periodontal health and need for periodontal treatment among institutionalized mentally subnormal persons in Norway.

Oral hygiene, periodontal health and periodontal treatment needs were studied in the dentulous patients (n = 328) of a sample selected to be representative of all institutionalized mentally subnormal persons in Norway aged 5--45. The average oral hygiene and periodontal health was poor except for patients in a few institutions where the nurses were trained to clean teeth regularly. Increased age, epilepsy, Down's syndrome and a high degree of mental deficiency were all elements that apparently contributed to impairment of periodontal health and to increased treatment requirements. The preventive programs used in some institutions seemed to be effective. Still better results, however, could probably be obtained by the use of dental hygienists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Influence of "time of day", pocket depth and scaling on gingival fluid flow.

Gingival fluid was sampled from the orifices of the gingival crevices in five male subjects with clinically healthy gingiva. The sampling was performed at 0915 h, 1215 h and 1515 h of the same day. Variation in "time of day" did not seem to influence the rate of gingival fluid flow. A total of 144 pockets (2-11 mm) in 19 patients were sampled for gingival fluid at the orifices. The adjacent gingiva was evaluated accordingly to the Gingival Index (GI). Gingival fluid flow was much more influenced by the degree of gingival inflammation than by pocket depth. Scaling with curettes was performed in five patients. Gingival fluid was sampled at the orifices immediately before scaling and on days 1, 14 and 28 after scaling. The flow rate decreased to a minimum on day 14 after scaling for all pocket depths and remained at almost the same level until day 28. Pockets less than 5 mm deep were more frequently without measurable amounts of fluid than pockets deeper than 5 mm on days 14 and 28.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Some antibacterial properties of periodontal dressings.

Three commercial periodontal dressings were tested for antibacterial activity against salivary microorganisms after having been stored dry or in liquid for 1 and 2 days. Inhibition of growth of mixed salivary flora was evaluated on blood agar dishes. Also, the ability of Strep. mutans to colonize the surface of the dressings was tested. The surface contact test indicated antibacterial activity against salivary microorganisms by freshly made Coe-pak and Wondrpak. Some activity could also be observed after 2 days' storage in about half the experiments. The initial bacteriostatic effect of Peripac was limited to the setting phase. The plaque accumulation test revealed single cells only on the surfaces of Coe-pak and Wondrpak whereas Peripac seemed to be colonized by the test bacteria.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of the plaque-inhibiting effect of stannous fluoride and chlorhexidine.

A double blind clinical trial was undertaken in order to compare the plaque inhibiting effect of SnF2 (0.2% and 0.3%) with chlorhexidine (0.1%) applied as mouthrinses in a test panel of 12 dental hygienist students. The experimental series were performed in periods of four days. The mean Plaque Index values were 0.35 and 0.2 when employing SnF2 and 0.1 when chlorhexidine was used, whereas distilled water resulted in a mean value close to 1.0. The long-term effect of a 0.3% SnF2 solution was tested in another group of five students for a period of three weeks. The two trials confirmed previous reports claiming that SnF2 is effective as a plaque inhibitor and, furthermore, that this effect could be maintained for a period of at least three weeks. The staining problem was less than in similar studies using chlorhexidine.

Biguanides↗
PubMed1977

The clinical trial in multidisciplinary research.

Dental research has developed along two separate paths. Epidemiological studies can only indicate a cause-disease relationship while laboratory experiments can only be applied to the human situation as a working hypothesis. The final solution can only be arrived at by setting up controlled studies in man, though there are limitations on the possibility of control of some variables in human studies. Experimental studies on the formation of pellicles and plaque are described as examples of the use of clinical trials to bridge the gap between basic research and epidemiological data. The ideal model for dental research would involve the identification of a clinical problem and its subdivision into small biological units which could be studied in the laboratory in order to develop working hypothesis. An in vivo model would then be devised to test the hypotheses and finally they would be applied in a well controlled trial.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Health personnel and dental health. Visits to the dentist and attitudes to dental care in a group of health personnel].

Studies among Norwegian institutionalized persons have shown an extensive unmet need for dental treatment and a potential demand for preventive dentistry among young and middle-aged institutionalized personnel. The purpose of the present study was to gain information concerning the dental habits of the health personnel working in an institution, since there is reason to believe that the attitudes and dental habits of the employees will be of importance by the introduction of preventive dental health programs. A questionnaire was sent to 454 employees at Lier Sykehus, a mental hospital near Oslo. 385 persons answered the questionnaire (response rate 85). 82% of the respondents visited a dentist regularly, most of them twice a year. Many showed interest in getting treatment at the hospital's dental clinic. It is reasonable to suggest that the dental service at hospitals also should include the health personnel. In that case, the employees should pay the usual fees of the Norwegian Public Dental Health System. In conclusion, good dental care habits of the hospital employees will presumably affect dental health behavior of the handicapped, and thus make our goal--a better dental health for institutionalized persons--easier to achieve.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Prevalence of oral soft and hard tissue lesions related to mechanical toothcleansing procedures.

The prevalence of oral soft and hard tissue lesions related to mechanical oral hygiene procedures was recorded and correlated to toothbrushing habits and oral hygiene status in two selected samples. Fifty-one percent of 533 persons examined exhibited gingival retractions and 45% had wedge-shaped defects in the cervical area of one or several teeth. Both types of lesions were often seen in the same area, indicating a common etiologic factor. The subjects with a good oral hygiene status, as well as those who brushed more than twice daily, showed a high frequency of lesions. The various toothbrushing techniques did not, however, seem to influence the development of such lesions in the present material. Subjective symptoms were reported in a few cases only.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Less dental caries among secretors than among non-secretors of blood group substance.

Salivary mucins can aggregate oral bacteria and also constituents of pellicle and plaque. A,B, and H blood group antigens are present on the mucins of secretors only. These mucins have also been shown to contain more carbohydrate than non-secretor mucins. The aim of the present study was to relate these genetically determined differences in mucin composition to caries prevalence. Data on blood group, secretor status, and caries prevalence were collected from 69 dental students. In all blood groups, the average caries prevalence was lower for secretors than for non-secretors. The difference was more pronounced for smooth surface than for total surface prevalence. The secretors of blood group mucin A had the lowest caries prevalence. The results would be consistent with an impact of the mucin composition upon the caries prevalence, and possible mechanisms are discussed.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1976

The assessment of needs for periodontal treatment.

The purpose of epidemiology is 'to guide the administration in the provision of health services' (MacMahon and Pugh, 1970). The provision of systematic treatment of periodontal disease has been hampered by the lack of a suitable system for calculating manpower and costs involved in the treatment of population groups. Recently, the Periodontal Treatment Need System (PTNS) has been suggested to meet with these requirements (Johansen, Gjermo & Bellini, 1973: Bellini and Gjermo, 1973). The principles of the system are explained and discussed. Moreover, it is emphasized that the prevention of periodontal disease as well as caries should be the paramount goal of the public dental health services. A possible method for early diagnosis and preventive treatment of high risk subjects is suggested.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

The effect of a chlorhexidine-containing gel on oral cleanliness and gingival health in young adults.

Students at a vocational school participated in a double-blind, cross-over study to test the effect of brushing with a 1% chlorhexidine-containing gel once a day. In the control period, a placebo gel was used. Each treatment period lasted for 4 weeks. This was subsequently followed by 4 weeks of ordinary toothbrushing. Any toothbrushing additional to the therapeutic brushing was performed with a standard commercial dentifrice without abrasives. In addition to the treatment groups, containing a total of 24 subjects, another group of 12 subjects received standardized oral hygiene instruction. Oral hygiene and gingival condition were assessed in all groups throughout the study. The chlorhexidine-containing gel seemed to have no effect on gingivitis and only a slight inhibitory effect on plaque formation. Furthermore, an increase in the degree and frequency of staining of the tooth surfaces related to the use of active gel were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effect of 2-years' use of chlorhexidine-containing dentifrices on plaque, gingivitis, and caries.

Chlorhexidine digluconate in 0.1% and 0.4% concentrations was added to dentifrices to evaluate its effect on plaque formation, gingival conditions and caries in 73 dental students over a 2-year period. No differences were found in the Pl I and the G I indices between the active and the placebo dentifrices, but a possible effect on caries was demonstrated. Discolorations of anterior teeth and fillings were the only side effects observed.

Adult↗