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Biomedical subjects

P Grøn

Publications and source records attributed to P Grøn.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

A Nordic survey of patient doses in diagnostic radiology.

The aim of this study was to test the applicability of the guidance levels for patient doses cooperatively set by the radiation protection authorities in the five Nordic countries. The kerma-area product (KAP) for five conventional radiological examination types was obtained from several hospitals in each of the Nordic countries. The number of radiographic images and fluoroscopy time were also registered, and the mean values for each examination type and hospital were established based on a representative number of patients (40-100 kg). The results indicate that the situation is very similar in the five Nordic countries, even though some differences were identified. Most of the hospitals demonstrated lower doses than the proposed guidance levels for chest, probably explained by use of faster film/screen combinations during the past decade. An increased use of fluoroscopy for positioning was observed for radiographic examinations of lumbar spine and urography. Large variations in patient doses were found for barium enema depending on the use of fluorospot or 100-mm camera vs full-format film, the range in fluoroscopy times, dose rate, and field size. The guidance levels for lumbar spine (10 Gy x cm2), pelvis (4 Gy x cm2), urography (20 Gy x cm2), and barium enema (50 Gy x cm2) seem to reflect the present quality of X-ray equipment and examination techniques in the Nordic countries. The guidance levels for chest (1 Gy x cm2) should be lowered to 0.6 Gy x cm2.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1996

Use of microbiological diagnostics and antibiotics in Danish general practice.

This article analyzes the use of antibiotics in Danish general practice. We observed considerable variation in the prescription of antibiotics among general practitioners (GPs). Internationally, Denmark has a low consumption of antibiotics. The use of antibiotics was closely associated with GPs' use of drugs, other than antibiotics, and to some extent with use of microbiological diagnostic tests. These findings provide evidence for the assumption that the consumption of antibiotics can be decreased further, which stresses the need for a restrictive policy concerning antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Selenium in human mammary carcinogenesis: a case-referent study.

In a case-referent study on the possible role of selenium in human mammary carcinogenesis, serum selenium was found to be 79 +/- 12 micrograms/l in 66 cases and 81 +/- 12 micrograms/l in 93 referents. An internal trend in serum selenium was observed among cases (TNM stage I 81 +/- 11 micrograms/l and TNM stage II 76 +/- 13 micrograms selenium/l), indicating disease-mediated changes. The evaluation of selenium as a risk indicator in human breast cancer was therefore restricted to TNM stage I patients (n = 36). Multiple logistic regression analyses including variables associated with selenium levels revealed no association between selenium levels and breast cancer risk.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Age-dependent change in myocardial cardiac glycoside receptor (Na,K-pump) concentration in children.

Myocardial Na,K-ATPase concentration was quantified in 18 0-8-year-old human subjects by vanadate-facilitated 3H-ouabain binding to intact samples of the left ventricle of the heart obtained at autopsy. Within the first 6 months of life, the Na,K-ATPase concentration showed a rapid decrease. The mean value in the age range from birth to 6 months was 1.6 times the mean value obtained in the age range 6 months to 8 years. The mean values +/- SEM were 1,076 +/- 57 (n = 10) and 671 +/- 28 (n = 8) (p less than 0.001) pmol/g wet weight, respectively. The highest value [1,433 +/- 56 pmol/g wet weight (n = 5)] was found in a 3-month-old child and the lowest value [545 +/- 22 pmol/g wet weight (n = 5)] in an 8-year-old. Evaluation of 3H-ouabain-binding kinetics showed no age-dependent variations. The total amount of Na,K-ATPase found in the heart was approximately 30 and 80 nmol within the first 3 years of life and at 8 years, respectively. The age-dependent change in myocardial Na,K-ATPase concentration can be ascribed to variation in the ratio between the amount of Na,K-ATPase and muscle mass during development. Since myocardial Na,K-ATPase is the receptor for cardiac glycosides, the present results may in part explain the clinical observation that cardiac glycoside sensitivity and toxicity change in young age.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

[Prescription habits. Illustrated by a random sample].

With the object of illustrating prescribing habits and errors in prescriptions, a randomized sample of 1,000 prescriptions was employed from the prescriptions from a single day. The main result of the investigation is that, in general, a great proportion of errors occur as 61.7% of the prescriptions were incorrect. Errors concerning limiting of issue and indications of reasons for use are particularly noticeable. Only 48% of the drugs prescribed for which limitation of issue is compulsory and 32.4% of all preparations do not show the indication for use. The alterations in the circular on dispensing issued by the Danish Board of Health with the object of prompting doctors to write multiple prescriptions and always to give the indication for employment of the preparation concerned are thus far from fulfilled. Employment of telephonic prescriptions is still extensively employed as nearly 50% of all prescriptions are given by telephone and the intention of the circular that telephone prescriptions should only be employed in special circumstances is thus far from fulfilled. The present authors find the the doctors' duty to provide the indications for use should be emphasized on account of control of prescriptions in the pharmacies and ensuring correct medication for the patients concerned. Similarly is should be deliberated whether the requirement of endorsing prescriptions for reissue of B preparations should be maintained and measures for limitation of the use of telephonic prescriptions should be limited with due respect to the advantages and disadvantages of these.

Denmark↗
PubMed1989

[Errors in prescriptions and control of prescriptions].

In Denmark, there is a tradition for strict control and safety measures in connection with prescribing and dispensing medicine in order to avoid undesirable or incorrect intake of medicine. The basis for this is the circular on dispensing from the Danish Board of Health which provides guidelines for composition of prescriptions by doctors and the control function by pharmacists. The object of this investigation is to describe the material of incorrect prescriptions which pharmacists are required to collect in connection with control of prescriptions. The investigation is based on material collected during a period of one month in the County of Arhus. The commonest type of erroneous prescription is incorrect statement of the strength of the preparation. This was found in 44.3% of the collected prescriptions. Another common problem is absence of the endorsement "for a child" and absence of the age of the child in prescriptions for these. In the material of incorrect prescriptions, statistically significantly more prescriptions were written by hospital doctors and secretaries. In contrast to ordinary prescriptions, telephone prescriptions are characterized a low frequency of errors as telephone prescriptions only constituted 8.2% of the erroneous material as compared with 47.8% in the conventional investigation. The authors consider that in a future revision of the circular on dispensing the requirement concerning repeated dispensing should be made more lenient and the indications and declarations of age should be more strict. Similarly, reduction in the synonymous preparations and the number of strengths should be reduced in order to facilitate clarity for the prescribing doctor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Denmark↗
PubMed1989

Skeletal muscle Na,K-pump concentration in children and its relationship to cardiac glycoside distribution.

Skeletal muscle Na,K-pump (cardiac glycoside receptor) concentration was quantified in 18 0- to 8-year-old human subjects by vanadate facilitated [3H]ouabain binding to intact vastus lateralis samples obtained at autopsy. No age-dependent change in [3H]ouabain binding site concentration was observed. Mean value +/- S.E.M. was 268 +/- 17 pmol/g wet wt. (n = 18), range 182 to 433 pmol/g wet wt. At the age of 1 day, 3.5 month and 8 years and 8 months, unspecific uptake and retention of [3H]ouabain was 1.6, 1.4 and 1.5% of the total uptake and retention; release of specifically bound [3H]ouabain during the washout procedure took place with T 1/2 of 97, 90 and 73 hr; and apparent affinity constants for [3H]ouabain binding (KD) was 1.3 x 10(-8), 0.9 x 10(-8) and 1.2 x 10(-8) mol/l. [3H]Ouabain binding site concentrations and kinetics were in agreement with values from adults except that in children apparent affinity constant (KD) was 1.7 times the value in adults. The observation of no age-dependent changes in human skeletal muscle Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase concentration was at variance with the observations of such changes in animals. The total number of Na,K-pumps in the pool of skeletal muscles increased from 10 to 50 times that in the heart from birth to old age. The skeletal muscle pool of Na,K-pumps seems to constitute a distribution volume of importance during digitalization in children as well as adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Cadmium exposure in Denmark. Based on analyses of liver and kidney tissues.

To determine the cadmium exposure level in the Danish population, tissue samples of kidney and liver were collected over the period 1981 to 1987 at the Institutes of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen, Odense and Aarhus. A total of 795 samples were collected, of which 143 were selected for analysis using, the criteria sudden violent death (accident, homicide or suicide). Cadmium concentrations in kidney cortex increased by age to a maximum of approximately 22 micrograms/g/g (w/w) in the age group 45-55 years and decreased in the older age group, while liver concentrations tended to increase throughout the entire lifespan. Cadmium concentrations in kidney cortex and liver were found significantly correlated. The findings are in good agreement with internationally published data, but lower than previously reported Danish concentration levels. The reason for this difference is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Detection of glass foreign bodies by radiography.

During a 14-month period patients with suspected glass foreign bodies were radiographically examined before removal of the glass. In 25 out of 26 patients the glass foreign bodies were detected. In 9 patients the glass foreign bodies had been overlooked on previous visits to doctors or hospitals, where the examination had been limited to inspection and sometimes probing of the wound. Almost all glass foreign bodies can be detected radiographically. With high-resolution or mammographic techniques even minute splinters may show up.

Adult↗