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Biomedical subjects

P Longhurst

Publications and source records attributed to P Longhurst.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Intensity of bacteraemia associated with conservative dental procedures in children.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the individual dento-gingival manipulative procedures that together lead to the placement of a restoration and to estimate the associated intensity of bacteraemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Healthy children receiving dental treatment under general anaesthesia provided blood samples 30 seconds after one of four dento-gingival manipulative procedures: 1. Placement of rubber dam, 2. Use of the high speed drill, 3. Use of the slow speed drill, and 4. Placement of matrix band and wedge. Blood cultures were processed to give the percentage prevalence of bacteraemia, the intensity of organisms per millilitre of blood and the identity of the organisms cultured. RESULTS: A total of 257 children were recruited to the study. The percentage positive prevalence of blood cultures was baseline--9.3%, rubber dam placement--31.4%, slow drill--12.2%, fast drill--4.3%, and matrix band and wedge--32.1%. The intensity of bacteraemia was baseline--1.2 cfu, rubber dam placement--1,962 cfu, slow drill--0.3 cfu, fast drill--1.9 cfu, matrix band and wedge--4.8 cfu. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that dento-gingival manipulative procedures comprising a simple dental restoration can lead to a bacteraemia comparable to that from dental extractions. It is suggested that these data may indicate the need for antibiotic prophylaxis for some aspects of conservative dentistry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Self-inflicted injury in a case of Hallervorden-Spatz disease.

Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormally high deposits of iron in the brain. This report describes a child with HSD who presented with self-inflicted ulceration of the lip and tongue, which was initiated during periods of intense oro-facial spasms. Other findings included dental caries and trauma to the primary incisors. Comprehensive dental care was carried out under general anaesthesia. The self-mutilation of the oro-facial mucosa was eliminated by placement of upper and lower soft resin bite guards.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Bacteraemia following local anaesthetic injections in children.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate odontogenic bacteraemia following three different types of local anaesthetic injections, namely: buccal infiltration analgesia (BIA), conventional intraligamental analgesia (CIA), and modified intraligamental analgesia (MIA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The bacteraemia-producing potential of three methods of injecting local analgesic solution was determined by taking blood samples, using aseptic technique, from 143 children, aged 1 year 11 months to 19 years 4 months, undergoing general anaesthesia for dental extractions. Of these 143 children, a subgroup of 50 had blood taken before any dentogingival manipulative procedures to provide a baseline level of bacteraemia. The injection methods were buccal infiltration, conventional intraligamental, and a modified intraligamental. The blood samples were taken 30 seconds after injection and cultured in aerobic and anaerobic broth cultures (Bactec) and from lysis filtration vials (Isolator). RESULTS: The percentage prevalence of bacteraemia was: baseline level 8%; buccal infiltration analgesia 16%; modified intraligamental analgesia 50%; and conventional intraligamental analgesia 97%. These values were statistically significantly different using the chi-squared test (P < 0.001). The mean value for colony forming units per millilitre (Isolator system) was 252 (sd = 646) for the intraligamental technique but zero for baseline, infiltration and modified intraligamental techniques. CONCLUSIONS: All local anaesthetic techniques studied were associated with bacteraemia which may have implications for antibiotic prophylaxis for dental treatment. The intraligamental techniques had statistically significantly greater percentage prevalence of bacteraemia compared with baseline. The modified intraligamental technique causes significantly less bacteraemia than the conventional intraligamental technique.

Administration, Buccal↗
PubMed1998

A new technique for the controlled removal of mottled enamel: measurement of enamel loss.

AIM: To describe and investigate a simple, effective new method for controlled removal of unsightly, malformed surface enamel. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 22 mottled incisor teeth were chosen from a group of 12 patients, aged 9-15 years. One half of the labial surface of the tooth was covered with a layer of unfilled bis-GMA resin so that it remained unaffected by the procedure. The other half was treated by etching the enamel with 35% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds, washing and drying. The frosted, etched enamel was removed with a composite finishing bur (Jet 7901) running dry in an air turbine, until a shiny enamel surface reappeared. The enamel was then smoothed with a pumice and water slurry in a slow-rotating rubber prophylaxis cup. The bis-GMA resin was peeled off, and an elastomeric impression of the tooth (now with one half of its labial surface treated, and the other untreated) was taken. The treatment of the remainder of the labial aspect was then completed. The thickness of the mid-labial enamel removed was measured directly from the impression by surface imaging, using a confocal microscope. RESULTS: The mean thickness of enamel removed was 164 microns (SD +/- 85 microns). CONCLUSIONS: This technique results in equivalent amounts of enamel removal to that claimed for other more complex and time-consuming methods.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1998

Gingival fibromatosis with prune-belly syndrome.

A case is described in which a child appeared for evaluation with marked gingival overgrowth, facial dysmorphism, and abdominal defects consistent with prune-belly syndrome. The relationship between this case and other reports of gingival enlargement are discussed. Coincidence of the oral, facial, and abdominal abnormalities has not been previously reported.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Dental complications associated with repeated orotracheal intubation in infancy: a case report.

Various oral and dental problems have been attributed to orotracheal intubation in the neonatal period. A case is described of a child whose dental anomalies are ascribed to multiple orotracheal intubations for the management of a complex cardiac abnormality. Six intubations were required between the ages of 9 days and 4 years for investigation and surgery. His maxillary right primary central incisor did not erupt until 3 years of age and the maxillary left was still unerupted at 6 years and 10 months and was rotated in its crypt. At this time, the mandibular primary incisors were physiologically mobile but the maxillary right primary central incisor remained firm. Both maxillary primary central incisors were extracted and examined histologically and showed abnormal morphology, enamel hypoplasia, and disordered dentine formation and root resorption. Subsequent eruption of the left permanent central incisor revealed hypoplasia of its incisal edge. It is suggested that the delayed eruption and abnormal morphology of the primary incisors were due to pressure effects on the overlying mucosa, follicular displacement and localized trauma caused by intubation. This case highlights the importance of monitoring the developing dentition of patients with a history of orotracheal intubation, so that interceptive treatment may be instituted when appropriate.

Dental Enamel Hypoplasia↗
PubMed1978

Crossreaction of antilymphocyte globulin with human granulocyte colony-forming cells.

Clinical preparations of horse antilymphocyteglobulin (ALG) were found to inhibit human bone marrow granulocyte colony growth. This effect was enhanced by complement and was dose dependent, being almost complete at ALG concentrations of 100 microgram/ml. Inhibition was a property of ALG but not of normal horse globulin. However, short incubation of ALG with bone marrow cells occasionally stimulated colony growth and normal horse globulin regularly stimulated it. Three hours' incubation of bone marrow cells with ALG was needed to produce consistent colony inhibition, which was measurable as a reduction in the expected number of colonies and as a fall in the colony: cluster ratio of surviving cell aggregates. Absorption of ALG on acute myeloid leukaemia blast cells removed the inhibiting property of the ALG while preserving its lymphocytotoxic action. Serum from two patients receiving ALG treatment inhibited colony growth for up to 48 hours after ALG administration. The results suggest the presence in ALG of antibodies specifically cytotoxic to myeloid stem cells which may relate to its myleosuppressive properties in vivo, and also indicate that it should be possible to remove antimyeloid antibodies from ALG by absorption. The use of such purified ALG would have advantages in clinical bone marrow transplantation.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1978

Mobilization of CFU-C by exercise and ACTH induced stress in man.

This study was designed to investigate physiological factors that affect blood CFU-C numbers. Exercise was found to produce a fourfold rise in blood colony forming cells, and a twofold rise in cluster forming cells accompanied by a lymphocytosis. ACTH-induced stress caused a twofold rise in blood colony and cluster forming cells accompanied by a neutrophil leucocytosis. The results suggest that blood CFU-C exchange with a large marginal pool as well as a bone marrown pool. The procedures described could be exploited in the use of leukapheresed nucleated cells as a source of stem cells for bone marrow transplantation.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗