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Biomedical subjects

P Longhurst

Publications and source records attributed to P Longhurst.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

A method of planning a dental treatment program for an institutionalized population.

A dental treatment program, for a subnormal group in an institution near London, England, was designed by applying both epidemiologic data and empirically derived data from the Experimental Dental Care Project at The London Hospital Dental School. For the epidemiologic study, a two-examiner system was developed to help overcome the special problems of examining subnormal adults. The data collected in the study had to be flexible enough to allow the analysis of several alternative treatment strategies. Once these alternative treatment strategies were defined, the data from the Experimental Dental Care Project were applied to analyze the effects of using dental teams of varying composition to carry out the treatment. It was found that to meet the dental needs of the group, a team consisting of one dentist, three New Cross auxiliaries and one dental surgery assistant would be 30% less expensive than a traditional team of one dentist and one assistant. This larger team would also be able to complete the necessary initial treatment in less than half the time that the traditional team would require.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental bacteremia in children.

Bacteremia resulting from dental extraction is regarded as an important cause of bacterial endocarditis, and it is therefore recommended that patients undergoing tooth extraction be given prophylactic antibiotics. As dental procedures other than extractions may also cause bacteremias, we studied a variety of dental procedures routinely used in pediatric dentistry. Blood samples for cultures were obtained 30 s after each of 13 dental operative procedures in 735 anesthetized children aged 2-16 years. Four procedures used for conservative dentistry caused bacteremias significantly more often than the baseline value of 9.4%: polishing teeth 24.5%, intraligamental injection 96.6%, rubber dam placement 29.4%, and matrix band with wedge placement 32.1%. In comparison, toothbrushing alone caused a bacteremia on 38.5% of occasions. The organisms isolated were typical of odontogenic bacteremias in that 50% of the isolates were identified as varieties of viridans streptococci. These data show that a wider variety of dental procedures than was previously documented cause bacteremia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteremia of dental origin and antimicrobial sensitivity following oral surgical procedures in children.

METHODS: The prevalence and intensity of bacteremia of dental origin were examined in 207 children divided into four groups: a baseline with no surgical intervention (group I), after a single tooth extraction (group II), multiple tooth extraction (group III), and mucoperiosteal flap elevation (group IV). The bacterial isolates were grown using a broth culture (Bactec) and lysis centrifugation (Paediatric Isolator) techniques. Dental plaque deposits, gingivitis, spontaneous gingival bleeding and the presence/absence of a dental abscess were recorded and their relationship to bacteremia assessed. RESULTS: The broth culture was positive for group I 11% of the time, group II for 43%, group III for 54%, and group IV for 43%. The Paediatric Isolator system was found to be a poor method for detecting bacteremia, having only one quarter the sensitivity of the broth culture technique. When organisms were isolated, the intensity of bacteremia ranged from 1 to 3400 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL). Bacterial isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotics recommended for antibiotic prophylaxis, but erythromycin, gentamycin, penicillin G, and teicoplanin were only 80% (or less) effective in their efficacy while chlorhexidine, amoxicillin, clindamycin, and vancomycin were between 92 and 100% effective. CONCLUSIONS: The antibiotics commonly used for an oral and/or parenteral prophylaxis are likely to be effective on at least 80% of occasions with most of them effective on 100% of occasions.

Amoxicillin↗