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Biomedical subjects

P Osswald

Publications and source records attributed to P Osswald.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Analgesia, anesthesia and newborns].

It should be remembered that almost any drug given during labour may have negative effects on the child. On the other hand withholding a drug that is otherwise indicated may carry as many risks as giving an overdose or failure to treat at the appropriate time. In addition drug therapy may affect the child indirectly, for example by reducing placental function. During general anaesthesia, the interval between induction and cutting the umbilical cord determines the degree of drug load for the child. The interval should ideally be between 3-15 minutes. In addition the effect of drugs on the fetus depends on many additional factors such as gestational age, plasma binding of the drug and amount of fat.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Bacterial influence on partitioning rate during the biodegradation of styrene in a biphasic aqueous-organic system.

The degradation by a consortium of slightly-halophile marine bacteria of styrene initially dissolved in silicone oil was monitored in batch reactors stirred at 75, 125 and 500 rpm, respectively. In the 75 and 125 rpm cases, the styrene biodegradation rate was higher than the rate of spontaneous partitioning of styrene from the oil to the water, determined under abiotic conditions. Abiotic transfer tests carried out after biodegradation runs revealed that bacterial activity had resulted in a significant increase in the rate of styrene partitioning between the two liquid phases. Even though bacterial adsorption was noticeable at the oil-water interface, this effect appeared to be due to the release by the bacteria of chemicals in the aqueous phase. Similarity with observations made with Triton X-100 suggested that the chemicals released may have been biosurfactants or solubilizing agents.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1995

Xenobiotic biodegradation test using attached bacteria in synthetic seawater.

The aerobic biodegradability of aniline, used as reference chemical, has been performed in synthetic seawater with attached biomass in a continuously fed reactor (biofilm chemostat reactor, BCR). Marine bacteria inocula came from local marine fish aquarium filters to limit the geographic and seasonal variations in quality. A pretreatment of these inocula combining 5-microns filtration and centrifugation was used to concentrate bacteria and remove organic carbon contamination of the test. The performances of the BCR were tested in comparison with simple shake flask tests. Among the different variables tested, the ratio S0/X0 (initial concentration of xenobiotic to initial density of the inoculum), the presence of dissolved oxygen, and the hydraulic residence time appear to be the key parameters controlling the length of the biodegradation process. On the other hand, the addition of a cosubstrate (easily biodegradable compound) does not provide advantages. Thus, marine biofilm chemostat reactors with a high density of attached bacteria (around 10(7) cells cm-2) and fed with synthetic seawater plus nitrogen provide good tools for screening biodegradability of chemicals in the marine environment.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1993

A retrospective CISS hybridization analysis of a case with de novo translocation t(18;22) resulting in an 18p- syndrome.

An unbalanced de novo translocation t(18;22) leading to a severely malformed liveborn girl with 18p- syndrome is described. Using the chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS) hybridization technique on 4-year-old G-banded chromosome preparations, it could be demonstrated that the translocation chromosome is composed of the long arm including the centromere of a chromosome 22 and the long arm of a chromosome 18. Consequently, the patient described here has lost the short arm including the centromere of chromosome 18. The possibility of restudying cytogenetically unsolved cases in clinical cytogenetics using older G-banded chromosome preparations with the fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques is pointed out.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Surgical treatment of congenital obstructive biliary disease (author's transl)].

The results of surgical treatment of bile duct atresia and hypoplasia are disappointing; no improval of long-term survival could be observed. With Kasai's hepato-jejuno-enterostomy which is not suited for the management of complete atresia. A new surgical procedure was evaluated in animal experimentation and in some patients: the bile was drained through the lymph system of the liver into the intestinal tract. Morphology, surgical procedure and indications as pertinent to this new approach are described and discussed. On the basis of the data available at present no conclusions can as yet be drawn, if the good results obtained in animal experimentation will be achieved in man as well. Surgical treatment of choledochus cysts is discussed. The procedure chosen depends upon the site of the cyst. Surgery is aimed at extirpation of the cyst and reconstruction of bile flow through the papilla Vateri. Curative and palliative procedures are discussed.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1979

[alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency in early childhood (author's transl)].

alpha 1-Antitrypsin inhibits various proteases and excessive proteolysis. If serum and tissue concentrations of this compound are low throughout longer periods of time due to deficient synthesis, - which is a dominantly inherited trait, - progressive pulmonary emphysema will develop in adults, and liver disease in more than 50% of the cases in infancy and early childhood. Three subtypes can be distinguished: the heaptitis type, the intrahepatic hypoplasia of the bile duct system, and the cholangitic type which may imitate atresia of bile ducts. Prognosis of the liver disease depends upon the time, at which inflammatory processes stop, excessive proteolysis coming to a stop at the same time. No treatment is known for this disease.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1978

[Epidemiology, clinical data and immune response of an epidemic of hepatitis A (author's transl)].

Almost all members of an affected family (46 persons) were followed up for a year after contracting hepatitis A during an epidemic in a rural area. Sixteen children, one juvenile and a 42-year-old woman had been infected. A mild subclinical course was present in about a third. All but one person in the studied population who were over 25 years had antibody titres from an earlier hepatitis A infection. As result, those who fell ill were almost exclusively children and juveniles with an average age of 15 years. Contagion rate within the family was 56.7% for those not immunised. Antibodies against hepatitis A virus of the IgG class rose in the majority of patients between the sixth and twelfth month of the infection. There was a significant correlation between the titre after one year and maximal GPT and bilirubin levels in the acute phase of the illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Changes in several important metabolic parameters and insulin level during a 7-day total parenteral nutrition under pre- and postoperative conditions].

After the 24 hours preoperative infusion period 0.37% glucose, 0.05% fructose and 1.28% xylitol of the infused amount were excreted in the urine. Postoperatively fructose was the best metabolized energy donator before xylitol and glucose. As a sign of an undisturbed hepatic synthesis of lipoproteins the triglycerides rose up to the 5th postoperative day. During the parenteral nutrition and the additional surgical intervention the cholesterol fell from 192.3 to 128.5 mg/100 ml on the first postoperative day. The infusion solutions caused a rise of the insulin concentration from 23.2 to 46.3 U/l on the operation day. There is a positive nitrogen balance of 3.5 g/24 h on the operation day. The slight negative balance of - 1.15 g/24 h on the first postoperative day is reduced to - 0.61 g/24 h on the postoperative day. The changes of the enzymes LDH, GOT and AP were at normal range. The postoperative changes were due to the surgical intervention. Without a simultaneous change of enzymes, 5 patients had a rise of bilirubin up to 1.1 mg/100 ml. To avoid a too great loose of phosphate during a long-term parenteral nutrition period, it is important to put up a balance.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1978

[Various metabolic effects in total parenteral feeding using a carbohydrate combination and amino-acid solution in the pre- and postoperative phase].

Ten metabolically healthy patients who had undergone gastric resection were fed intravenously from the preoperative to the 5th postoperative day. After the 24-hour preoperative infusion period the concentration of cholesterol, free fatty acids and alkaline phosphatase dropped significantly. So did the concentration of uric acid. During the postoperative period cholesterol and uric acid continued to fall. The concentration of free fatty acids remained low all the postoperative days. From the second postoperative day on the triglycerides rose continuously. Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and serum lactic dehydrogenase reached their highest level on the first postoperative day. On the same day the alkaline phosphatase dropped to the lowest level. Five patients had a rise of total bilirubin up to 1.1 mg/100 at the end of the infusion period.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Clinical and morphological aspects during childhood (author's transl)].

In many cases so called neonatal hepatitis of unknown origin nowadays is recognized as a manifestation of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Out of 12 patients with Pi-type ZZ, 5 were diagnosed because of cholestatic jaundice, 2 because of hepato-splenomegaly in the first trimenon, and 3 by family examination. We believe that the affection may be due to a perinataly acquired cytomegalic inclusion disease in one case, in another to a congenital rubella infection. The latter child died at the age of one year because of an esophageal hemorrhage. Over a mean observation time of 3 years the other patients are doing well and show no signs of portal hypertension. The very different course of the hepatopathy is demonstrated. Common bacteria or toxins which do not usually lead to an illness may be realisation factors just as "classical" causes of hepatitis. Up to now it is not known how these factors influence the course of alpha-antitrypsin deficiency.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

[Anaesthesia and postoperative care in terminal renal insufficiency. Experiences in 132 cases (author's transl)].

A retrospective study was carried out examining the complication- and mortality-rate in 132 patients with terminal renal insufficiency who underwent major surgery: partial gastrectomy, bilateral nephrectomy and vascular surgery at the lower extremities. The anaesthetic management consisted primarily of general anesthesia and muscle relaxation except for vascular surgery at lower extremities where continuous epidural anaesthesia was used. The problems of the anaesthetic management and postoperative care including dialysis are discussed. Although this group of patients is at high risk, the complications can be kept at a minimum with appropriate anaesthetic management and postoperative care.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Metabolic behavior in pre, intra, and postoperative total parenteral feeding with a carbohydrate combination and amino acid solution].

Ten metabolically healthy patients who had undergone gastric resection were fed intravenously from the preoperative to the 5th postoperative day. No metabolic alternations were observed by using a low dosis of 0.12 mg/kg.h of glucose, fructose and xylitol in combination with amino acids. We were able to limit the so-called postaggressive syndrome by eliminating the fasting state. These results were proven by evaluating the most important metabolic parameters like triglycerides, free fatty acids, lactate and by measuring the carbohydrate-nitrogen balances.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[A study of the carbohydrate and electrolyte balance of 10 surgical patients during 7-days' infusion therapy (author's transl)].

For postoperative parenteral feeding fructose proved preferable to glucose and xylitol. Although the infusions were started pre-operatively sodium deficiency and a fall in serum osmolarity developed during the postoperative stage. Administration of potassium to normalize lowered serum potassium levels was needed only on the first and second postoperative day. Serum calcium levels fell during the 7-days' period of observation but remained within the limits of normal. If parenteral feeding is to be continued for longer periods determination of the phosphorus balance is advisable to avoid excessive depletion of the endogenous phosphorus stores. Estimations of urinary osmolarity and urine volume indicated that fluid uptake was adequate.

Calcium↗
PubMed1977

[Peripheral stenoses of the pulmonary arteries: possible causes and syndromic relationships (author's transl)].

The catheterization results and additional malformations and diseases in 20 infants and children with pulmonary artery stenosis are reported. In 17 cases additional cardiovascular malformations were found. In 15 cases extracardiac malformations or developmental retardation were observed. Peripheral stenoses of the pulmonary arteries are frequently established in rubella embryopathy, in the syndrome of supravalvular aortic stenosis, in Down s syndrome, in different types of nanism, in thalidomide embryopathy and in the socalled arteriohepatic dysplasia (Watson and Miller) associated with hypoplasia of the bile ducts. In 3 cases an arteriophepatic dysplasia was confirmed by angiocardiography and biopsy. Coarctations of pulmonary arteries rarely need operative interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Insufficiency of the exocrine pancreas in Wilson's disease (author's transl)].

The function of the exocrine pancreas was examined by the secretin-pancreozymin-test in 3 patients with Wilson's disease. In all cases we found a partial insufficiency. At the time of investigation the patients were 6(7)/12, 11(6)/12 and 21 years old. The youngest one was examined before therapy with D-Penicillamin. We suppose that storage of copper in lysosomes causes a cytotoxic damage of the exocrine part of the pancreas requiring substitution therapy in advanced cases.

Adult↗