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Biomedical subjects

P P Rickham

Publications and source records attributed to P P Rickham.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Felix Wurtz.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1986

The dawn of paediatric surgery: Johannes Fatio (1649-1691)--his life, his work and his horrible end.

Johannes Fatio was probably the first surgeon who systematically studied and treated surgical condition of children. Born in Basle in 1649, he never studied medicine at the university there but became a member of the barber's guild. Later he studied medicine and became a doctor of the University of Valence. He returned to Basle to practice surgery, midwifery and paediatric surgery. He wrote a number of medical books, but only one, The Helvetic Reasonable Midwife, still exists. In it he devotes a whole section to surgical afflictions of children. He describes ingenuous operations for such conditions as hypospadias, hydrocolpos, imperforate anus and many more. He was the first surgeon successfully to separate conjoined twins. He became involved in the turbulent politics of the city of Basle and was largely responsible for the overthrow and modern ratio of the Basle parliament and government. In the following counter-revolution he was captured, imprisoned, tortured and executed. All his written works were destroyed by the authorities; The Helvetic Reasonable Midwife was published 70 years after his death.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1986

Denis Browne: surgeon.

Denis Browne was the first surgeon in England to confine his practice entirely to children. The methods of treatment devised by him were new and often revolutionary and were frequently attacked and criticized, but they worked. He regarded his research into the aetiology of congenital deformities as his most important single scientific contribution. In 1931, he published his first article on talipes equinovarus. He further enlarged his theory of the mechanical origin of congenital deformities in a study published in 1936. The mechanical theory led him to search for treatment by use of selectively applied pressures and controlled movements. He did not like open corrections. When confronted by a surgical problem he would invariably start by studying the anatomy of the region involved. He was the first to describe the superficial inguinal pouch. His anatomical studies eventually enabled him to perfect the operation for inguinal hernia in infancy and childhood and formed the basis of his operation for cleft palate and of his work on the surgical anatomy of the tonsil. He was the first pediatric surgeon to routinely employ transverse abdominal incisions. He preferred immediate anastomosis to the temporary enterostomies. He introduced the end-to-back anastomosis. He helped rationalizing and perfecting the operative technique for pyloric stenosis. Malformations of the perineum were the subject of many studies. His operation for hypospadias is also well known. His other advances in paediatric surgery, such as treatment of various infective conditions and cardiovascular surgery, were at the time original and important. His inventive genius was best seen in his development of numerous instruments and appliances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

England↗
PubMed1984

[Ureteral replacement in newborn infants--case report].

This is a description of a ureteric replacement operation employing a modified Culp-de-Weerd method for the ileopelvic segment of the ureter combined with a Cohen ureteric reimplantation. This operation was carried out in a 2-month-old infant with a stenosis of the left ureter. 7 months postoperatively the left kidney is normal as far as its anatomy and function is concerned.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Exstrophy of the bladder progress of management during the last 25 years.

The different methods of treatment of bladder exstrophy are described. Ureterosigmoidostomy and its various modifications are discussed and the longterm result critically reviewed. Urinary diversion by transplanting the ureters into an isolated segment of ileum or colon should, in the authors' opinion, only very rarely be necessary. Cutaneous ureterostomy is used only as a last resort in incontinent patients with severe renal damage. The greatest single advance in the management of the malformation has been the two-stage closure of the exstrophic bladder. The authors' experiences in the two-stage closure of 28 patients with ectopia vesicae are described. No selection of patients was practiced. The results obtained, both clinically and by manometry of the operated bladder, are reviewed. The results are moderately satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Early differential diagnosis between neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia.

More and more refined laboratory investigations for differential diagnosis of neonatal direct hyperbilirubinemia have been developed, but not one of them is absolutely diagnostic. All of them take time and by the time the infant is referred to the surgeon it is often too late, as the prognosis for successful surgical correction becomes rapidly worse with increasing age. Most authorities have now agreed that in cases of extrahepatic biliary atresia cirrhosis has already well developed after the second month of life. The only virtually certain methods of diagnosis are direct inspection of the gall bladder, cholangiogram, and a sizeable liver biopsy. Our clinical experience has convinced us that laparoscopy with liver biospy and simultaneous cholangiography by transhepatic puncture of the gall bladder is the simplest, fastest and most certain method for diagnosis. It allows for early differentiation of direct hyperbilirubinemia in the neonatal age and should be carried out if the hyperbilirubinemia has persisted during the first month of life and before laboratory investigations are instituted.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1979

Postoperative causes of death of neonatal intestinal obstruction excluding mucoviscidosis and Hirschsprung's disease.

In contrast to the remarkable improvement in the results of operations for oesophageal atresia at the University Children's Hospital, Zurich, the death rate secondary to operations for neonatal intestinal obstruction has remained constantly high between the years 1960 and 1976. The results are distressing especially when it is realised that many of them occurred in infants with good general conditions. The causes of death are analysed and classified according the following criteria: 1. Deaths associated with trisomy 21. 2. Deaths due to the short gut syndrome. 3. Deaths due to severe associated malformations or other conditions. 4. Deaths probably due to surgical mistakes. 5. Deaths due to mistakes in management. The latter group can be subdivided further in deaths due to wrong decision at the primary operation, overlooked medical complications, overlooked surgical complications and mistakes made at subsequent laparotomies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Experimental investigations into the etiology of cholangitis following operation for biliary atresia.

Experimental operations carried out on young minipigs appear to show that cholangitis does not occur after simple ligation of the bile duct, but develops nearly invariably is the lymphatic drainage from the liver is also interrupted. The so-called "ascending" cholangitis observed after hepato-porto-entero anastomosis is probably not ascending at all, but blood-borne. When a hepatic portoenterostomy is carried out for biliary atresia, trauma to the lymphatics in the porta hepatis should be avoided and an additional omento-hepato-portopexy should be done. Recent clinical experience appears to confirm this hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Laparoscopy in childhood.

The indications and technique for laparoscopy in childhood are discussed. During the last 5 years 59 laparoscopies were carried out in the Surgical Department of the University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland, These cases are described in some detail. No complications were encountered.

Adolescent↗