Picture archiving and communication systems in Japan: 3 years later.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P S Cho.
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A digital optical disk archive for storage of computed radiographic, computed tomographic, magnetic resonance, ultrasonographic, and digitized film radiographic images was installed. In the system, digital images enter a minicomputer, are temporarily stored on magnetic disks, and are archived onto write-once read-many optical disks at their full resolution. A pictorial index of minified images is maintained for each patient. After 8 months of operation, 49,400 megabytes of images had been retained on 19 optical disks stored, after January 1987, in a mechanical jukebox-style optical disk library. The success rate for archival capture of images during the initial period was 96.6%. The failures were due to overfilling of the magnetic disk, a problem addressed through the addition of a second magnetic disk unit. There were no medium-related image errors during the early period. Problems resulting from the slow speed of optical disk systems were addressed operationally by initiating recall of a patient's archived images from the optical to the faster magnetic disk as soon as the system received a request to acquire a new image. Also, optical disk retrieval times are expected to improve with technologic development.
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Implementation of a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is a system integration task and requires the knowledge of multidisciplinary fields. This paper reviews current PACS development with emphasis on radiological images. The following topics are covered: methods of image acquisition, image compression, storage, display, communication, and image database structure. Methods of implementation of PACS in a clinical environment as well as current operational PACS in hospitals are reviewed. A survey of private industry participating in PACS research and development are also given.
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