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Biomedical subjects

P Schatz

Publications and source records attributed to P Schatz.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Sex differences in baseline neuropsychological function and concussion symptoms of collegiate athletes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate sex differences in baseline neuropsychological function and concussion symptoms between male and female collegiate athletes. METHODS: A post-test only design was used to examine baseline neuropsychological test scores and concussion symptoms. A total of 1209 NCAA Division I collegiate athletes from five northeastern universities in the USA completed a baseline ImPACT test. ImPACT, a computerised neuropsychological test battery, was administered during an athlete's pre-season. RESULTS: Female athletes performed significantly better than male athletes on baseline verbal memory scores (p = 0.001), while male athletes performed significantly better than female athletes on baseline visual memory scores (p = 0.001). Female athletes endorsed a significant number of mild baseline symptoms as compared to male athletes. CONCLUSIONS: Male and female athletes exhibit differences on baseline neuropsychological test performance and concussion symptoms.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Outcome of treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms depending on the type of hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of patients operated on acutely for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) or otherwise symptomatic aortic aneurysms in a university hospital and in two county hospitals by the same group of vascular surgeons. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: 1 university and 2 county hospitals, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 108 patients operated on urgently for AAA, 81 at the university hospital, and 27 at the county hospitals between January 1992 and December 1998. INTERVENTION: Repair of the AAA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: 21 of the 81 patients having urgent repair of an AAA at the university hospital (26%) had been transferred from the county hospitals. Thirteen patients were not operated on, 7 because of their poor general condition and great age (median 84 years), 3 who refused operation, and 3 in whom the diagnosis was incorrect. During the same time period a further 27 haemodynamically unstable patients were operated on by the same vascular surgeons at the county hospitals. The on-table mortality for patients with ruptured AAA and shock was 5/43 (12%) at the university hospital and 4/27 (15%) at the county hospitals. The corresponding in-hospital rates were 11/43 (26%) and 11/27 (41%). Mortality was significantly higher if the operation was delayed by more than 45 minutes. The incidence of postoperative complications was the same in both hospitals. CONCLUSION: If a patient with a ruptured AAA and shock is admitted to the county hospital and operated on by a specialist vascular surgeon the outcome is fully acceptable. The difference seems to be related to the postoperative period. To what extent the delay caused by the surgeon's journey to the county hospital has any influence on the outcome is not possible to evaluate.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The adolescent sexual world and AIDS prevention: a democratic approach to programme design in Zimbabwe.

The main aim of this study was to redress the under-representation of adolescent attitudes in AIDS prevention programme design and to discuss the implications of a democratic sexuality education approach within a health promotion context. The study surveyed the attitudes of adolescents (average age 16 years) on sex-related topics such as culture, marriage, sexual behaviour and sex education, identified similarities and differences in attitudes according to gender and socio-economic environments, and examined sources of students' knowledge of selected sex-related topics. Questionnaires were completed by 3429 secondary school students from different backgrounds. Findings showed significant differences in attitude related to gender and socio-economic settings and also in sources of information. The study drew on a democratic sexuality education approach. Using this approach, adolescents review ideological perspectives and decide which are most appropriate for them as guides in making decisions about their own lives. This type of education is fully consistent with the principles of democratic living and gives guidance to teenagers who are trying to decide how to live a healthy life. Study results suggest that programmers would be well advised to collect information from the adolescents' psycho-social-economic environment and link it with good governance and civil society strategies in developing AIDS prevention programmes that involve the adolescent in making lifestyle decisions. To achieve a more supportive environment for AIDS prevention, this approach can link adolescent attitudes and health promotion action to advocate for public policy reform, gender equality, multi-dimensional partnerships and social marketing.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

Underutilization of neuropsychology in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: is managed care to blame?

We evaluated factors determining which individuals received neuropsychological evaluations (NPEs) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Comprehensive records from a State-wide/sponsored Head Injury Program were followed from 1985--1995 to monitor effects of managed care on provision (or absence) of formal NPEs and ultimately on rehabilitation outcome. Only 26% of 273 individuals received NPEs (within their first three years post-injury). In the years prior to and after large changes in managed care, there were no differences in the provision of formal NPEs. Discriminant analysis identified functional status at discharge from primary rehabilitation and total number of rehabilitation facilities as the two variables that most distinguished those who had received NPEs with 69% classification accuracy. Between group analyses revealed that individuals were more likely to receive NPEs if they were young, involved in liability claims, attended multiple rehabilitation facilities, or had higher functional status at discharge from primary rehabilitation, regardless of the nature or severity of their TBI. Individuals receiving formal NPEs ultimately achieved higher levels of functional independence, suggesting a potential selection bias. Individuals were no more likely to receive NPEs according to insurance status (private versus government assisted) or as a function of the decade of their injury (1980's versus 1990's). It appears that health-care reform has had no deleterious effect on neuropsychologists' ability to provide consultative services for this population, and following TBI, only a discrete sample of individuals receive and benefit from NPEs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Seatbelts contribute to location of lesion in moderate to severe closed head trauma.

The relationship between seatbelt use and injury severity, brain lesion location, and functional outcome was investigated in 163 individuals who sustained traumatic brain injuries in motor vehicle collisions. Of this group, 31 were using a seatbelt at the time of the accident and 132 were not. Restrained motor vehicle occupants were significantly more likely to sustain damage to subcortical brain structures than unrestrained occupants. Conversely, unrestrained occupants sustained a greater frequency of posterior brain lesions. In addition, demographic and behavioral variables were significantly related to increased likelihood of seatbelt use. Analyses revealed no significant differences between groups for injury severity variables and functional outcome measures. Seatbelts alter the body's response to forces applied in motor vehicle collisions, creating disparities in lesion sites between restrained and unrestrained motor vehicle occupants. The relationship between seatbelt use and injury severity and functional outcome is discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Response of inflammatory markers to balloon angioplasty in peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

OBJECTIVES: To study the inflammatory response to balloon angioplasty (PTA). DESIGN: Prospective study. MATERIALS: Blood samples were drawn for cytokine analysis from 10 patients undergoing PTA before, after 60 min and 6 h after the balloon inflation. Adhesion molecules were analysed in 14 patients undergoing PTA and in seven patients undergoing angiography only. Arterial samples were taken in eight patients, before PTA, immediately after and 15 min later. Venous samples were taken in six patients and in the group undergoing angiography only. The sampling was before, 60, 90 and 120 min after the procedure. As controls served 15 patients with no signs of peripheral arterial disease. METHODS: Cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) were analysed using ELISA. Adhesion molecule expression on WBC was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: A significant increase of IL-6 in the sample taken 6 h after the last balloon inflation was seen in five patients. TNF-alpha was raised only in one patient. The group of patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) expressed pre-interventionally a higher level of adhesion molecules on WBC compared to the controls. The expression of adhesion molecules (CD11b/CD18) was significantly decreased after PTA. CONCLUSION: Only a very limited cytokine response is caused by PTA reflecting the small surgical trauma. PTA results in a downregulation of detectable CD11b/CD18 expression on WBC in the circulation, which may reflect removal of activated cells through adhesion and extravasation.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Using the Lac repressor system to identify interacting proteins.

The present protocol describes a series of procedures to identify peptides interacting with PDZ domains. It is conceivable that the procedures can be applied to other purified protein modules or intact proteins without substantial modifications. With the deduced consensus combined with sequence information, it is possible to identify proteins present in the database with compatible sequences. If the expression of target protein and potential interacting candidate overlap temporally and spatially, biochemical and molecular experiments can be designed to study their physical and functional interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Use of stable 48Ca in the clinical measurement of intestinal calcium absorption.

Measurements of intestinal-calcium-absorption efficiency are fundamental for understanding calcium homeostasis in health and disease. Stable calcium isotopes are attractive tracers for such measurements, to avoid excessive radiation exposure to the subject and permit serial studies at short intervals. To realize this, we found it necessary to improve the sensitivity and precision of existing thermal neutron activation analyses for 48Ca. This report describes the details, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of the improved method, and gives the results of studies in which intravenous 48Ca was used in conjunction with oral 47Ca to measure intestinal-calcium-absorption efficiency in patients.

Calcium↗