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P V Coyle

Publications and source records attributed to P V Coyle.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Genetic diversity in the non-structural gene of parvovirus B19 detected by single-stranded conformational polymorphism assay (SSCP) and partial nucleotide sequencing.

A homologous region in the parvovirus B19 non-structural gene (B19 nt 1399-1682) was examined in 50 samples from patients with a wide variety of B19-related disease from various countries by PCR amplification, single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) assay and nucleotide sequencing. Five SSCP types were confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. Of a total of 6 mutations, all were silent. Types 3 and 4 accounted for 92% of strains. There was no correlation between genome type and either clinical illness or patient age. However, there was a correlation between SSCP type and country of origin. Type 3 strains predominated in Japan (18/26) and the UK (6/8), whereas type 4 predominated in the USA (9/12). Notably, type 3 strains also predominated among females (14/18), whereas there were approximately equal numbers of strain types 3 (7/17) and 4 (8/17) among males; an observation which remains unexplained. Within the Japanese group, although type 3 strains predominated overall, strains isolated from 1981 to 1987 consisted of types 1 (2/15), 2 (1/15), 3 (8/15), and 4 (4/15), whereas strains isolated from 1990 to 1994 consisted almost entirely of type 3 (10/11).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Development of an IgM capture assay for the diagnosis of B19 parvovirus infection using recombinant baculoviruses expressing VP1 or VP2 antigens.

BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of human parvovirus B19 infection are often similar to those induced as the result of infection by other infectious agents such as rubella and some bacteria. Although diagnosis of B19 infection is feasible by detection of specific antibodies, the tests require viraemic serum as a source of antigen. This inevitably leads to problems of reproducibility and dependence upon appropriate high quality clinical material. OBJECTIVES: To develop a monoclonal antibody capture ELISA (MACEIA) for detecting anti-B19 IgM antibody in human sera, using recombinant baculoviruses expressing the B19 parvovirus VP1 and VP2 proteins and to compare this with MACEIA using a plasma derived B19 antigen. STUDY DESIGN: Sera from 85 patients with proven B19 infection and the paired convalescent sera from 26 anti-B19 IgM-positive acute samples were examined for B19-specific IgM antibody by a monoclonal antibody capture assay that utilised recombinant baculoviruses expressing B19 proteins in lieu of a plasma-derived B19 antigen. Control samples consisted of 24 anti-rubella IgM, 24 anti-EBV IgM and 102 negative sera from uninfected individuals. RESULTS: Eighty-four of the 85 sera were anti-B19 IgM positive by MACEIA using recombinant baculovirus derived B19 antigen and by indirect immunofluorescence tests, whereas 79 were positive by MACEIA using plasma-derived antigen. Of the 26 convalescent samples which were positive as acute sera, 4 had become negative by 8 weeks post-infection. The expressed recombinant baculovirus antigens had identical molecular weights to the VP1 (84 kDa) and VP2 (58 kDa) proteins of virus purified from human plasma. Recombinant baculovirus-derived VP1 antigen was as effective as VP2 particles at detecting antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Recombinant proteins VP1 and VP2, obtained from recombinant baculovirus-infected cell lysate, showed equal specificity to and higher sensitivity than, B19 virus purified from human plasma when used in MACEIA to detect B19-IgM antibody.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Serological evidence of Hantavirus disease in Northern Ireland.

Since, to our knowledge, no clinically documented cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) have been reported in Northern Ireland, a sero-epidemiological study was carried out to assess the degree of Hantavirus immunity in a group of 627 Northern Irish patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of HFRS and 100 healthy controls. IFA screening for IgG Hantavirus specific antibodies was carried out with a panel of up to 9 different Hantaviral antigens. IgM screening was performed using a commercially available mu-capture ELISA based upon two recombinant Hantaviral nucleocapsid antigens. A seropositivity of 2.1% (15/727) was recorded, with an almost exclusive reaction against a rat-derived R22VP30 strain of the Seoul serotype. Sole reliance upon non-rat-derived classic screening antigens Hantaan (HTN 76-118) and Puumala (CG 18-20) would have resulted in the detection of only 2/15 (13.3%) of cases in IgG IFA, and 8/14 (57.1%) of the cases in IgG ELISA. The findings indicate that for the first time in Europe, and more specifically in N. Ireland, non-laboratory outbreaks of HFRS may be caused by wild rats acting as a reservoir for a Seoul-like Hantavirus. Conventional Hantavirus serology using Hantaan and Puumala as screening antigens does not appear sufficient for the detection of such cases of HFRS. Hence, we propose the addition of a rat derived Hantaviral antigen to the antigen screening panel as a means of improving the specificity of the detection methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

An outbreak of parvovirus B19 infection; a study of clinical manifestations and the incidence of fetal loss.

Eighty-five cases of B19 infection were diagnosed in Northern Ireland from 1984 to 1989; 65 of these occurred during 1989, the outbreak year. Of the total 85 cases, 15 had a rash, 21 had arthralgia, 47 had a rash and arthralgia, and 2 had aplastic crisis. The age range was 4-63 years with a mean of 26.9 years. Thirty cases (35%) were referred to hospital; 25 of these had arthralgia and 2 had aplastic crisis. Two thousand four hundred pregnant women at 12 weeks gestation in 1989 were screened for anti-B19 IgM; 8 were positive. Of these 8 patients, 7 progressed to delivery of a normal fetus and one had an intra-uterine death at 26 weeks gestation; no congenital abnormalities were noted in any fetus. The incidence of fetal involvement in maternal B19 infection in this study was therefore 12.5%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Varicella zoster gastritis in a bone marrow transplant recipient.

A case is reported of a patient who had previously undergone autologous bone marrow transplantation for recurrent Hodgkin's disease. The patient developed a generalised vesicular skin eruption. The clinical diagnosis was of disseminated shingles. Herpes viral particles were identified within the vesicular fluid by electron microscopy and using a specific monoclonal antibody to varicella zoster virus (VZV), positive immunofluorescence was detected in scrapings from the base of a vesicle. Gastroscopy and biopsy were performed because of severe abdominal pain and vomiting. The histological features were of non-specific active inflammation. Despite the histological absence of viral inclusions electron microscopy of the gastric biopsy revealed the presence of intranuclear herpes viral particles with a diameter of 90-100 nm. VZV specific DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the gastric biopsy extract. The patient was treated with acyclovir and made a full recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Identification and use of a neutralising epitope of parvovirus B19 for the rapid detection of virus infection.

A conserved neutralising epitope was confirmed as the site of specific activity for the monoclonal antibody R92F6. This monoclonal antibody was used to detect B19 viral antigen in serum samples after SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Twenty samples from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Japan, and the United States were positive with this technique. Serum samples from various control groups were negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prognostic value of Epstein-Barr virus serology in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

We report the results of a study which examined the prognostic value of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Antibody titres to EBV were estimated by indirect immunofluorescence and correlated with the stage of disease. Neither persistent high titres nor falling titres after treatment were found to be reliable indicators of relapse or survival, respectively, in individual patients. By contrast, four-fold rises in titre, particularly of antibodies to the early antigens of the virus were highly significant predictors of relapse. These increases could be seen well in advance of clinical detection of recurrence of the tumour at the primary or metastatic sites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A nucleotide sequence comparison of coxsackievirus B4 isolates from aquatic samples and clinical specimens.

Ten coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Northern Ireland in 1985-7, were compared at the nucleotide sequence level. Dideoxynucleotide sequencing of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified fragment, spanning the VP1/P2A genomic region, classified the isolates into two distinct groups or genotypes as defined by Rico-Hesse and colleagues for poliovirus type 1. Isolates within each group shared approximately 99% sequence identity at the nucleotide level whereas < or = 86% sequence identity was shared between groups. One isolate derived from a clinical specimen in 1987 was grouped with six CVB4 isolates recovered from the aquatic environment in 1986-7. The second group comprised CVB4 isolates from clinical specimens in 1985-6. Both groups were different at the nucleotide level from the prototype strain isolated in 1950. It was concluded that the method could be used to sub-type CVB4 isolates and would be of value in epidemiological studies of CVB4. Predicted amino acid sequences revealed non-conservation of the tyrosine residue at the VP1/P2A cleavage site but were of little value in distinguishing CVB4 variants.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

A simple standardised protocol for the production of monoclonal antibodies against viral and bacterial antigens.

A simple standardised protocol for making monoclonal antibodies against a range of human bacteria and viruses is described. The protocol was designed to reduce the number of steps to a minimum. A one step footpad immunisation was followed by the fusion schedule 10-15 days later. A vital step in the technique was the use of the immunised mouse's spleen to provide a feeder layer post fusion. This simplified the protocol and more importantly greatly accelerated the growth of the hybridomas produced. Immunisation, fusion and clonal expansion of specific antibody secreting hybridomas was complete within 5 weeks. The percentage of hybridomas secreting specific antibody ranged from 6% to 28%, the majority of which were of the IgG isotypes. The method was economical in the use of tissue culture medium and simple to perform.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistological detection of human parvovirus B19 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

Human parvovirus B19 is a cause of aplastic crises in patients with haemolytic anaemias, prolonged bone marrow failure in the immunosuppressed, and fetal death secondary to non-immune hydrops. The immunohistological detection of parvovirus B19 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues has not previously been reported, and definitive diagnosis of infection in such specimens has relied on the use of specialized DNA hybridization and amplification techniques. A new monoclonal antibody to B19 capsid proteins, R92F6, was found to be capable of labelling infected cells in paraffin-embedded tissues from all 19 cases of parvovirus-related fetal hydrops tested, and in bone marrow from a child with congenital immunodeficiency and chronic parvovirus infection. Viral antigen was detected both in cytoplasmic and in nuclear distributions using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique without preceding proteolytic digestion. The viral epitope recognized appears to be highly conserved, as specimens were obtained over a 13-year period from widely spaced locations in the U.K. Antibody R92F6 should facilitate rapid diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection in routinely processed and archival specimens.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1992

Two anti-parvovirus B 19 IgM capture assays incorporating a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for B 19 viral capsid proteins VP 1 and VP 2.

During an outbreak of parvovirus B 19 in 1989 in Northern Ireland, 7580 blood donors were screened for B 19 antigen. Two units screened positive, one of which was obtained for use as viral antigen. A monoclonal antibody (R92F6) made against this antigen was specific for B 19 capsid proteins VP 1 and VP 2. The monoclonal antibody was used in the development of 2 anti-B 19 IgM capture enzyme assays. These used a conventional substrate (O-phenylene diamine) and a chemiluminescent signal reagent. There was excellent concordance between the 2 assays. A total of 403 patients sera were tested and 65 sera were positive in each assay.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

The role of herd immunity in an epidemic cycle of hepatitis A.

An epidemic of hepatitis A took place in Northern Ireland between 1984 and 1990. All ages of persons and geographical areas were involved. Children aged 5-14 years with Belfast addresses were particularly affected. Serologically confirmed cases in this group rose from five cases in 1984 to 93 cases in 1987 and fell to 19 cases in 1990. Of 100 samples of serum of Belfast children aged 5-14 years in late 1985, 23 were hepatitis A IgG positive, 95% confidence limits being 15.2-32.5. Of 100 similar children in late 1989, 19 were hepatitis A IgG positive, 95% confidence limits being 11.8-28.1. Thus a substantial rise in herd immunity may not be necessary for the ending of such an epidemic in a society with good housing and sanitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Enteroviruses in recreational waters of Northern Ireland.

Virus surveillance of Northern Ireland recreational waters, between April 1986 and May 1989 demonstrated widespread enteroviral contamination of coastal and inland waters. In 1986, enteroviruses were detected in 4 of 46 (8.7%) water samples, collected from 6 coastal bathing waters. In 1987, 49 of 107 (45.8%) samples, from 16 coastal bathing waters, yielded enteroviruses; 33 of the enterovirus positive samples passed one or both of the coliform standards outlined by the European Economic Community (EEC) bathing water directive (76/160/EEC). Enteroviruses were also detected in 33 of 39 (84.6%) samples tested from 3 inland recreational waters.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Zoonotic infections in Northern Ireland farmers.

Evidence of past zoonotic infection was investigated serologically in randomly selected Northern Ireland farmers. The percentage of farmers with antibody was: Brucella abortus (0.7), Leptospira interrogans serovars (8.1), Borrelia burgdorferi (14.3), Toxoplasma gondii (73.5), Coxiella burnetii (28.0), Chlamydia psittaci (11.1) and Hantavirus (1.2). The results show that Northern Ireland farmers have been exposed in the past to zoonotic infections. It is not known if these infections contributed to ill health in farmers but it is now time for the health of farm workers and their medical services to be reassessed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical Q fever in Northern Ireland 1962-1989.

Q fever was diagnosed in 443 patients in Northern Ireland between 1962 and 1989. From 1986 onwards there was an increase, which peaked in 1989 with 107 cases of whom 47 were infected in Ballycastle, Co Antrim. There were three outbreaks and 21 clusters of patients with Q fever. Most cases were in April and May which correlated with the peak lambing and calving season. Q fever mainly affected males in the 40-49 year old age group. County Antrim had the highest prevalence rate of 40/100,000 population and also had the most sheep. The number of sheep in Northern Ireland has doubled in the past ten years. Q fever was strongly associated with occupation and animal contact. Eighty-seven patients (19.6%) drank unpasteurized milk. The commonest presenting illnesses were pneumonia (62.8%), influenza-like illness (24.6%), involvement of the heart (9.0%) and hepatitis (1.6%). Thirty-two patients (7.2%) had endocarditis, 20 of whom had prosthetic valves and three of whom died. Coxiella burnetii was present on valves removed from seven patients.

Adolescent↗