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Biomedical subjects

P Volberding

Publications and source records attributed to P Volberding.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Impaired mononuclear-cell proliferation in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome results from abnormalities of both T lymphocytes and adherent mononuclear cells.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome proliferate poorly after stimulation with soluble mitogens. The present study was undertaken to assess the relative contributions of T lymphocytes and of plastic adherent mononuclear cells to the impaired mononuclear cell responses. We employed a four-step separation procedure including terminal depletion using a monocyte-specific monoclonal antibody (61D3) to derive populations of highly purified T cells from patients and from normal subjects. Highly purified T cells proliferated poorly in response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. The addition of autologous adherent cells to highly purified T cells markedly improved mitogen-driven proliferation in all subjects; however, mononuclear cells from patients with AIDS responded less well than normals (P less than or equal to 0.01) for both phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed. Allogeneic normal adherent cells fully restored both phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed responses in normal highly purified T cells. Adherent cells from patients were comparable to normal adherent cells in phytohemagglutinin-driven proliferation but performed significantly less well when pokeweed was used to stimulate normal highly purified T-cell responders (4308 cpm after coculture with patients' adherent cells vs 8244 cpm after coculture with allogeneic normal adherent cells; P = 0.05). Similarly, when patient's highly purified T cells were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, control adherent cells functioned substantially better than patient adherent cells (1198 cpm for allogeneic patient adherent cells vs 2324 cpm for normal adherent cells; P = 0.05). Although the addition of normal adherent cells to patients' highly purified T cells significantly improved pokeweed mitogen responses, these values did not reach normal. Suppression by patients adherent cells was not demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

High prevalence of antibodies to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated retrovirus (ARV) in AIDS and related conditions but not in other disease states.

A rapid, sensitive indirect immunofluorescence assay has been developed for detection of antibodies to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated retrovirus (ARV). The human T-cell line HUT-78 was chronically infected with ARV-2 and used to detect antibodies to virus-specific cytoplasmic antigens. Because the helper T-cell marker Leu-3 is substantially reduced in this cell line after ARV infection, it appears to be an important receptor for virus infection. Nearly all patients with AIDS and most cases with related conditions showed antibodies against ARV. Some healthy individuals in risk groups for developing AIDS also had antibodies to the agent. In contrast, no antibodies to the virus were found in any individuals outside the risk groups for developing AIDS or with diseases other than those associated with AIDS. The titers of antibodies to ARV and to Epstein-Barr virus varied independently from each other. The level of anti-ARV antibodies in a patient's serum was found to reflect the severity of the disease; it was lower in individuals with more severe manifestations. Taken together, these data support the role of ARV in AIDS and its related disorders.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in San Francisco, 1980-1983.

Incidence data for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are presented on the basis of a surveillance file maintained by the San Francisco Bureau of Communicable Disease Control. The incidence of AIDS among residents of San Francisco rose steadily from the first case diagnosed in the last quarter of 1980 through the last quarter of 1983. New cases were diagnosed at a rate of 25 per month in the last quarter of 1983. Reported incidence declined in mid-1983, but the decline was probably a case-finding artifact. Smoothed incidence rates show a steady progressive rise, which is approximated equally well by quadratic or exponential curves. Among the patients diagnosed in San Francisco, 99% were homosexual or bisexual men. The cumulative incidence rate among homosexual or bisexual men was estimated to be 770 per 100,000 in the last quarter of 1983. The incidence rate of AIDS increased with age, and the increase was greater than that found with other sexually transmitted diseases. The difference in the age distributions between cases of AIDS and syphilis suggests either that susceptibility to AIDS increases with age or that the average latency associated with AIDS is longer than previously thought.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in leucocytes in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Earlier reported findings of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in white blood cells of patients with hepatoma, and in a patient with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, led to the examination of HBV DNA in a series of twenty three patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), including nine with opportunistic infections and fourteen with Kaposi's sarcoma, by Southern blot hybridization method, using 32P labelled HBV DNA specific probe obtained by nick translation of HBV DNA cloned into plasmid pBR325. Four of the patients were found to be positive for HBV DNA or HBV related DNA in their leucocytes. The HBV DNA was found free or integrated in the leucocytes of the patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

B-cell immunodeficiency in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

To investigate B-cell function in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), we immunized a group of patients with AIDS with pneumococcal polysaccharide (tetradecavalent) and protein (keyhole-limpet hemocyanin) antigens. Antibody responses were determined three to four weeks after immunization. Compared with controls, patients with AIDS had significantly lower geometric mean antibody levels to polysaccharide before and after immunization. Levels before and after immunization were frequently below a level thought to correlate with protection. Patients with AIDS also had a significant reduction in their primary antibody response to the protein antigens. The results of these studies indicate that AIDS is associated with an acquired B-cell as well as T-cell immunodeficiency. It is suggested that future studies should consider the evaluation of passive antibody in the prevention of infection and/or prevention of progressive immunodeficiency.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

A methodology for the analysis of the preneoplastic antigen.

A highly sensitive assay for the epoxide hydrolase activity associated with the preneoplastic antigen (PNA) has been developed based on the synthesis of cis-stilbene oxide labeled with tritium at approximately 15 Ci/mmol. This assay allows the detection of elevated epoxide hydrolase activity in the serum of humans and rodents as well as in the culture medium bathing isolated hepatocytes. The integrity of the enzymatic assay was confirmed in rodents by precipitating the serum PNA activity using an antibody raised against the rat microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Methodology for the detection of PNA in serum will facilitate evaluation of this antigen as a marker for hepatic neoplasia in man and in experimental animals.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1984

Kaposi sarcoma and lymphadenopathy syndrome: limitations of abdominal CT in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed in 31 patients with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), three patients with classic KS, and 12 patients with the newly described lymphadenopathy syndrome (LNS). The frequency, distribution, and appearance of lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly were similar in the AIDS-related KS and LNS groups. Rectal and perirectal disease was identified in 86% of the homosexual men studied; rectal KS could not be distinguished from proctitis on CT criteria alone. No CT abnormalities were seen in patients with classic KS. The CT demonstration of retroperitoneal, mesenteric, or pelvic adenopathy or of rectal or perirectal disease in patients with AIDS-related KS is not necessarily indicative of widespread involvement with the disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Chemotherapy in advanced Kaposi's sarcoma. Implications for current cases in homosexual men.

Kaposi's sarcoma has recently appeared in an aggressive form in young, previously healthy, homosexual men. The disease in these patients corresponds most closely to disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma common in areas of Africa. This and the underlying acquired immune deficiency in the current patients in the United States affect the choice of appropriate therapy. Because Kaposi's sarcoma in these patients is rapidly progressive, it often requires aggressive systemic therapy, but this can be difficult given the patients' susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Reports from Africa suggest that Kaposi's sarcoma is very responsive to several chemotherapeutic agents, but these data must be interpreted cautiously because of problems in study design and differences between cases in Africa and the United States. This report reviews the clinical classification of Kaposi's sarcoma and the reported results of chemotherapy in patients with advanced disease. Implications of this experience in the treatment of recent cases in the United States are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Acquired immune dysfunction in homosexual men: immunologic profiles.

Homosexual men with Kaposi sarcoma, lymphadenopathy syndrome, opportunistic infection, and nonhomosexual traditional Kaposi sarcoma were evaluated for B cell, T cell, and complement immunity and compared to normal controls and homosexual controls. No significant immunologic abnormalities were found in the traditional Kaposi group. All homosexual groups, including the homosexual controls, had a significant decrease in the helper/suppressor cell ratio. Functional abnormalities of T-cell immunity were observed in the homosexual Kaposi sarcoma, lymphadenopathy syndrome, and opportunistic infection groups. Significant elevations of IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE were found in the lymphadenopathy group, while only IgG and IgA were elevated in the Kaposi sarcoma group. C3, C4, and immune complexes were normal, while total hemolytic complement activity was increased in the Kaposi sarcoma and lymphadenopathy syndrome groups.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1982

Cytomegalovirus and Kaposi's sarcoma in young homosexual men.

10 homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were studied for evidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. IgG and IgM antibodies to CMV were detected in 9 out of 9 and in 7 out of 9 of these patients, respectively. CMV was recovered from body secretions or peripheral blood of 7 patients. Viral cultures of KS tumour biopsy specimens were negative in 8 out of 8 patients, but CMV RNA was detected by in-situ hybridisation in 2 out of 3 and CMV antigen(s) by immunofluorescence in 6 out of 9. Normal tissue specimens from 3 KS patients were negative for CMV antigen. These observations suggest an association of CMV with KS.

Adult↗