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Biomedical subjects

Qing He

Publications and source records attributed to Qing He.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin sponge particle embolization of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm complicating chronic alcoholic pancreatitis.

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of and complications associated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gelatin sponge particles embolization of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm complicating chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. METHODS: A 42-year-old man with splenic artery pseudo-aneurysm formation secondary to chronic alcoholic pancreatitis was admitted. We used PVA and gelatin sponge particles embolization of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm by superselective embolization techniques. RESULTS: The splenic artery pseudoaneurysm was successfully controlled with splenic embolization. The patient was discharged in 9 d with complete recovery. CONCLUSION: This case confirms that superselective transcatheter embolization by PVA and gelatin sponge particles may represent an effective treatment for pseudoaneurysm caused by chronic alcoholic pancreatitis in the absence of other therapeutic alternatives.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Molecular basis for the potency of IL-10-deficient dendritic cells as a highly efficient APC system for activating Th1 response.

Identification and targeting of novel immunobiological factors that regulate the induction of Th1 cells are crucial for designing effective vaccines against certain intracellular pathogens, including Chlamydia. IL-10-deficient dendritic cells (DC) are potent APCs and effective cellular vaccines that activate a high frequency of specific Th1 cells. To elucidate the molecular basis for the potency of the IL-10-deficient APC system, we tested the hypothesis that Chlamydia Ag-primed IL-10 knockout (IL-10KO) DC are quantitatively and qualitatively distinct in their metabolic characteristics relating to T cell activation. Using a combination of RT-PCR, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and MALDI-TOF-based proteomics analyses, the transcriptional and translational activities of Chlamydia-pulsed DC from wild-type and IL-10KO mice were assessed. IL-10 deficiency caused early maturation and activation of pulsed DC (i.e., high CD11c, CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, IL-1, IL-12, and the T cell-attracting chemokine CCL27/CTACK) and consequently an enhanced ability to process and present Ags for a rapid and robust T cell activation. Supporting comparative proteomics revealed further that IL-10 deficient DC possess specific immunobiological properties, e.g., the T cell-attracting chemokine CCL27/CTACK, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and the IL-1/IL-12 inducer, NKR-P1A (CD161), which differentiated them immunologically from wild-type DC that express molecules relating to anti-inflammatory, differentiative, and metabolic processes, e.g., the anti-IL-12 molecule peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and thymidine kinase. Collectively, these results provide a molecular basis for the high Th1-activating capacity of IL-10KO APC and may provide unique immunomodulation targets when designing vaccines against pathogens controlled by T cell immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Korean and Caucasian overweight premenopausal women have different relationship of body mass index to percent body fat with age.

The aim of the study was to investigate in premenopausal women whether the relationship between percentage body fat (PBF) and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) differs between Korean Asians (Ko-As) living in Seoul, South Korea, and Caucasians (Ca) living in New York City. Healthy premenopausal women (50 Ko-As; 38 Ca), ages 22-50 yr, were studied. Weight, height, and PBF by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were measured. Total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data were collected using GE-Lunar systems (Prodigy-Korea and DPXL-New York), and all scan analyses were performed by one technician in New York. Similar soft tissue phantoms were used for daily instrument calibrations at both sites. The relationship between PBF and BMI was assessed by multiple regression analysis with race, age, reciprocal of BMI (1/BMI), and a race-by-age interaction as the final independent variables. Race (P = 0.003) and 1/BMI (P < 0.001) were significantly related to PBF in this model. A significant race-by-age interaction (P = 0.039) indicated that the slope of the lines for PBF vs. age differed between Ko-As and Ca. This study demonstrates in a Ko-As sample that the BMI-fat relationship differs significantly from that in a comparable group of Caucasian women. Investigators who use BMI as an index of fatness should be aware of the well documented differences in the relationship of BMI and fatness across race/ethnic groups.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

Molecular dynamics of detoxification and toxin-tolerance genes in brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål., Homoptera: Delphacidae) feeding on resistant rice plants.

To investigate the molecular response of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (BPH) to BPH-resistant rice plants, we isolated cDNA fragments of the genes encoding for carboxylesterase (CAR), trypsin (TRY), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450), NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), acetylcholinesterase (ACE), and Glutathione S-transferase (GST). Expression profiles of the genes were monitored on fourth instar nymphs feeding on rice varieties with different resistance levels. Northern blot hybridization showed that, compared with BPH reared on susceptible rice TN1, expression of the genes for P450 and CAR was apparently up-regulated and TRY mRNA decreased in BPH feeding on a highly resistant rice line B5 and a moderately resistant rice variety MH63, respectively. Two transcripts of GST increased in BPH feeding on B5; but in BPH feeding on MH63, this gene was inducible and its expression reached a maximum level at 24 h, and then decreased slightly. The expression of NQO gene was enhanced in BPH on B5 plants but showed a constant expression in BPH on MH63 plants. No difference in ACE gene expression among BPH on different rice plants was detected by the RT-PCR method. The results suggest these genes may play important roles in the defense response of BPH to resistant rice.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2005

Impact of donor gender on male rat recipients of small-for-size liver grafts.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of donor gender on small-for-size (SFS) liver transplantation in male recipients using a rat model. Adult female or male Lewis rats were used as donors and male Lewis rats as recipients. Size-matched (SM) and SFS liver grafts from either male or female donors were transplanted into male recipients. Animals receiving SFS grafts were sacrificed at postoperative week 1, week 4, and week 12, respectively (n = 6-8 per group), those receiving SM grafts after 3 months. The cumulative survival rate (SVR) in the female-to-male (F-M) SFS group was significantly lower (62%; 13 of 21) compared with the male-to-male (M-M) group (90%; 18 of 20) (P < 0.05). Spontaneous death occurred in the F-M SFS combination either in the early postoperative period (<3 weeks) in animals with confluent hepatic necrosis or in the late postoperative period (>8 weeks) in animals with biliary obstruction. In contrast, no death was observed in the early posttransplantation period after M-M liver transplantation. The relative graft size in the SM F-M group was significantly higher (graft-to-recipient weight ratio [GRWR] 2.40% +/- 0.8%) than in the SFS M-M group (GRWR 1.35% +/- 0.2%; P < 0.001). Regardless of graft size, the outcome was worse in terms of SVR as well as regarding the incidence and severity of biliary complications in F-M compared with M-M liver transplantation. In conclusion, male recipients of female livers had a less favorable outcome irrespective of graft size. Confluent hepatic necrosis as well as biliary obstruction were perceived as consequence of a severe perfusion problem in F-M liver transplantation, which was possibly related to an enhancement of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by the lack of estrogen in male recipients of female grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue pattern in obese and lean HIV-infected women.

Cells from the superficial and deep subcompartments of the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) compartment have distinct metabolic activities in vitro. The effect of differing energy balance on the relative in vivo sizes of these subcompartments has not been reported. We retrospectively investigated the effects of obesity and leanness on the relative amounts of superficial and deep SAT in the bulky posterior abdominal adipose tissue in HIV(+) women. We studied the baseline results of MRI scans in 32 obese and 28 lean HIV-infected women. We also compared the change in response to specific interventions. Abdominal MRI slices were obtained at the L4-L5 and L2-L3 intervertebral spaces and were divided into anterior and posterior halves. The posterior portions were further subdivided into deep (PDSAT) and superficial layers (PSSAT) based on tissue planes visible on the MRI. Fat areas in adjacent landmark levels at the trochanter and anterior superior iliac spine were also obtained. PDSAT was larger at L4-L5 than at L2-L3 in both the lean and obese groups. PDSAT was larger than PSSAT at L4-L5 in obese women, and there was preferential loss of PDSAT in obese women who completed a 12-wk energy-deficit diet and exercise program. The contents of PDSAT and PSSAT did not differ in the lean group, and proportional increases in both SAT subcompartments were noted in response to weight gain. In summary, obesity is associated with a preferential increase in PDSAT and greater loss in PDSAT after weight loss. This study defines distinct metabolism responses in fat subcompartments.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2005

Delivery of Chlamydia vaccines.

The plethora of ocular, genital and respiratory diseases of Chlamydia, including nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, tubal factor infertility, conjunctivitis, blinding trachoma and interstitial pneumonia, and chronic diseases that may include atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, adult onset asthma and Alzheimer's disease, still pose a considerable public health challenge to many nations. Although antibiotics are effective against Chlamydia when effectively diagnosed, asymptomatic infections are rampart, making clinical presentation of complications often the first evidence of an infection. Consequently, the current medical opinion is that an effective prophylactic vaccine would constitute the best approach to protect the human population from the most severe consequences of these infections. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstration that Chlamydia immunity in animals and humans is mediated by T cells and a complementary antibody response, and the completion of the genome sequencing of several isolates of Chlamydia is broadening our knowledge of the immunogenic antigens with potential vaccine value. Thus, major advances have been made in defining the essential elements of a potentially effective subunit vaccine design and parameters for evaluation. However, the challenge to develop effective delivery systems and human compatible adjuvants that would boost the immune response to achieve long-lasting protective immunity remains an elusive objective in chlamydial vaccine research. In response to evolving molecular and cellular technologies and novel vaccinology approaches, considerable progress is being made in the construction of novel delivery systems, such as DNA and plasmid expression systems, viral vectors, living and nonliving bacterial delivery systems, the use of chemical adjuvants, lipoprotein constructs and the codelivery of vaccines and specific immuno-modulatory biological agonists targeting receptors for chemokines, Toll-like receptors, and costimulatory molecules. The application of these novel delivery strategies to Chlamydia vaccine design could culminate in timely achievement of an efficacious vaccine.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Anticarcinogenic effect of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 on induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the anticarcinogenic mechanism of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 in induced liver tumor in SD rat. METHODS: Thirty-five SD rats with induced hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into a control group and 3 dosage groups according to the dosing levels of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3. The tumour volume was measured by MR imaging. The apoptotic rat and S-phase fraction and diploid of tumor cell were measured with flow cytometry. Protein expression of PCNA and TNF were evaluated with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There was significant difference in tumour volume between the high dosage group and the control group. The average apoptotic rates were 11.08+/-3.78, 13.57+/-3.34, 27.35+/-16.04 and the S-phase fractions were 23.98+/-9.44, 19.73+/-6.62, 14.09+/-3.48 in the low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups respectively. The apoptotic rate was significantly higher in the high-dosage group than in the medium-dosage group and low-dosage group. Before-after comparison showed that the anti-proliferative effects of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 were significant in three treatment groups. The higher positive rats of protein expression with PCNA and TNF were significant difference in the high-dosage group compared to those in the low-dosage group. No significant difference between the medium-dosage group and the low-dosage group. CONCLUSION: 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 can noticeably inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, and efficaciously induce the apoptosis and facilitate necrosis of the tumor cells, and there appears to be a dose dependent effect.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed2005

Host inflammatory response and development of complications of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in CCR5-deficient mice and subfertile women with the CCR5delta32 gene deletion.

T cell immunity protects against diseases caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Incidentally, host inflammatory response that includes T cells appears to also contribute to the pathogenesis of chlamydial diseases such as trachoma and tubal factor infertility (TFI). Therefore, designing effective prevention strategies requires a delineation of immune processes responsible for pathology and those mediating immunity, and identification of the immunogenetic factors predisposing to complication development. The chemokine receptor CCR5 is crucial for T cell activation and function since its deficiency causes suppression of T cell response. We investigated the hypothesis that the clearance of genital chlamydial infection in CCR5-deficient mice could be delayed in the short term; however, a beneficial effect could include protection against inflammation-related complications such as TFI. In a translational study in humans, we investigated the effect of a functional 32 bp deletion in the CCR5 gene on the risk of developing tubal pathology in Dutch Caucasian women with immunologic evidence [i.e., immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses] of chlamydial infection. When genitally-infected wild-type (WT) and CCR5 knockout (CCR5KO) mice were evaluated for microbiologic shedding of chlamydiae, there was a greater intensity of infection and delayed resolution in the knockout mice. However, compared to WT mice, the fertility of infected CCR5KO mice (measured by pregnancy rate) was only mildly affected in the short term and unaffected in the long term (70% vs 30% reduction in the short term, and 50 vs 0% in the long term, respectively). Immunobiologic analysis revealed that the diminished capacity of CCR5KO to control acute chlamydial infection correlated with the relatively low chemokine [interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and regulated upon activation normal cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)] and cytokine (mainly interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) expression corresponding to a poor early T-helper I response. However, the reduced incidence of complications in the CCR5KO mice appears to correlate with the low activity of long term inflammatory mediators. Besides, the translational studies in humans revealed that among patients with positive anti-chlamydial IgG responses, tubal pathology correlated with a low incidence of CCR5delta32 deletion (7%), while women without tubal pathology had higher incidence of the CCR5delta32 deletion (31%) as compared to controls (19%). Thus, in mice and humans the inflammation associated with CCR5 function may predispose to development of complications of chlamydial infection, such as TFI.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Observation on short-term therapeutic effect of zhenggan recipe in treating liver cirrhosis with alpha-feto-protein].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of Zhenggan Recipe (ZGR) in treating liver cirrhosis with abnormal Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: Sixty-four patients of liver cirrhosis with abnormal AFP were randomly divided into the treated group and the control group. All the patients received conventional combined Western medicinal treatment. Besides, additional ZGR was given to the patients in the treated group, one dose every day for orally taken in two times, 6 months as a therapeutic course. Changes in liver function (ALT, GGT, TBIL and ALB), AFP, T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4, CD4/CD8) and iconological examination were observed in the two groups before and after treatment to compared the efficacy. RESULTS: ZGR could effectively lower the AFP level (P < 0.01), and improve the levels of CD4 and CD4/CD8 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ZGR can effectively lower the level of AFP, its mechanism might be related to the improving of cellular immune function of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Determining the primary site of metastatic adenocarcinoma in serous fluid: a cytological study].

OBJECTIVE: To explore cytological parameters that may identify the primary sites of metastatic adenocarcinomas in serous fluid. METHODS: Serous fluid specimens from 89 cases of metastatic adenocarcinomas (40 metastatic adenocarcinomas of lung, 6 metastatic adenocarcinomas of breast, 21 metastatic ovary adenocarcinomas, 22 metastatic gastrointestinal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas) were studied by using multiple morphologic parameters. Immunocytochemical S-P method was used to detect the expression of CA125, CA199, SPB and TTF-1 in 75 cases. RESULTS: Metastatic adenocarcinomas of different primary sites displayed certain different morphologic features, including the total amount of tumor cells, size of clusters, ratio of clusters over single cells, configuration of tumor clusters and the background of the smear. Cell clusters of small to medium sizes represented 95% and 100% in the metastatic adenocarcinomas of lung and breast, respectively. Most of the ovarian metastatic adenocarcinomas (85.7%) presented some large cell clusters and larger amount of cells, whereas certain metastatic gastrointestinal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas (45.5%) presented smaller number of cells and predominantly to be single cell in distribution (40.9%). Psammoma bodies were found in metastatic adenocarcinomas of lung and ovary. SPB and TTF-1 expression supported the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of pulmonary origin. CA125 expression supported an ovarian origin. Although CA199 was seen in all groups of metastatic adenocarcinomas, nevertheless, its appearance in tumor cells in ascitic fluid specimens supported gastrointestinal and pancreatic origins. CONCLUSION: Morpho-logic features of the cytological smear, immunohistochemical staining and clinical history are equally important in determining the primary sites of metastatic adenocarcinomas in serous fluid.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Improved clinical outcomes in Chinese renal allograft recipients receiving lower dose immunosuppressants.

BACKGROUND: The application of potent immunosuppressants has decreased the incidence of acute rejection and increased short- and long-term graft survival; however, these drugs cause a variety of complications. In China, many transplant centers have adopted the immunosuppressive protocols based on the white population, neglecting the differences between the races. The purpose of this study was to explore a suitable immunosuppressive regimen for Chinese renal allograft recipients. METHODS: Two hundred cadaveric renal allograft recipients who underwent transplantation between July 1999 and October 2001 were observed. Before October 2000, 104 recipients received the conventional dose of immunosuppressants; thereafter, 96 recipients received lower dose treatment. Doses of immunosuppressive agents, the incidence of acute rejection and pulmonary infection, and patient and graft survival rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Doses of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and cyclosporine A (CsA) administered in the conventional dose group were significantly higher than in the lower dose group at 3 months posttransplant, as was prednisone at 6 months posttransplant. The incidence of acute rejection and subclinical rejection that was biopsy-proven or diagnosed by clinical manifestations was 17.3% and 19.8%, respectively, in the conventional dose group and the lower dose group within the first 6 months, and no significant difference was noted (P=0.55). The incidence of pulmonary infection, especially severe infection, was much higher in the conventional treatment group (40.1% and 26.9%, respectively) than that in the lower dose group (11.5% and 5.2%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). The corresponding 1-year survival rate of patients was 87.4% and 97.9% (P<0.01), and that of renal grafts was 85.5% and 96.9% (P<0.01), for patients receiving conventional dose and lower dose immunosuppressive drugs, respectively. The rate of death with a functioning allograft caused by infection in the conventional dose group was significantly higher than that in the lower dose group (12.5% vs. 0%, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The regimen of lower dose MMF, CsA, and prednisone in combination can significantly reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection, especially severe pulmonary infection, without increasing the incidence and severity of allograft rejection.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A novel recombinant multisubunit vaccine against Chlamydia.

The administration of an efficacious vaccine is the most effective long-term measure to control the oculogenital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in humans. Chlamydia genome sequencing has identified a number of potential vaccine candidates, and the current challenge is to develop an effective delivery vehicle for induction of a high level of mucosal T and complementary B cell responses. Vibrio cholerae ghosts (VCG) are nontoxic, effective delivery vehicles with potent adjuvant properties, and are capable of inducing both T cell and Ab responses in mucosal tissues. We investigated the hypothesis that rVCG could serve as effective delivery vehicles for single or multiple subunit chlamydial vaccines to induce a high level of protective immunity. rVCG-expressing chlamydial outer membrane proteins were produced by a two-step genetic process, involving cloning of Omp genes in V. cholerae, followed by gene E-mediated lysis of the cells. The immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of rVCG-expressing single and multiple subunits were compared. Immunologic analysis indicated that i.m. immunization of mice with either vaccine construct induced a strong mucosal and systemic specific Th1 response against the whole chlamydial organism. However, there was an immunogenic advantage associated with the multiple subunit vaccine that induced a higher frequency of Th1 cells and a relatively greater ability to confer protective immunity, compared with the single subunit construct. These results support the operational theory that the ability of a vaccine to confer protective immunity against Chlamydia is a function of the level of Th1 response elicited.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Multidetector CT in evaluating blood supply of hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

AIM: To assess the value of multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) in choosing retreatment methods of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through evaluating the blood supply of low-density area of HCC after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: Thirty-two patients with HCC after TACE treatment were examined by plain scanning and hepatic multidetector-row CT. The location of low-density area on plain scanning and the enhancement patterns on dynamic contrast-enhanced scanning were observed. At the same time, three-dimensional CT (3D CT) models of the volume rendering, curved multiplanar reformations, surface shaded display and maximum intensity projection reconstruction of the hepatic artery and portal vein were performed in 6 cases. RESULTS: In CT plain scanning data, low density areas of 32 cases of HCC after TACE treatment were divided into three types: peripheral, one-side-located and mixed types. In contrast-enhanced CT scans, the blood supply of low-density area was classified into four types: arterial blood supply (20 cases), portal blood supply (5 cases), arterial combined with portal blood supply (5 cases) and poor blood supply (2 cases). In 6 cases, the relationship between the low-density area and branches of hepatic artery as well as portal vein was shown by 3D CT. CONCLUSION: Hepatic MDCT is an effective method for evaluating the blood supply of low-density area and therapeutic effect of HCC after TACE treatment. Types of blood supply is helpful for the selection of retreatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

An electrochemical pumping system for on-chip gradient generation.

Within the context of microfluidic systems, it has been difficult to devise pumping systems that can deliver adequate flow rates at high pressure for applications such as HPLC. An on-chip electrochemical pumping system based on electrolysis that offers certain advantages over designs that utilize electroosmotic driven flow has been fabricated and tested. The pump was fabricated on both silicon and glass substrates using photolithography. The electrolysis electrodes were formed from either platinum or gold, and SU8, an epoxy-based photoresist, was used to form the pump chambers. A glass cover plate and a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) gasket were used to seal the chambers. Filling of the chambers was accomplished by using a syringe to inject liquid via filling ports, which were later sealed using a glass cover plate. The current supplied to the electrodes controlled the rate of gas formation and, thus, the resulting fluid flow rate. At low backpressures, flow rates >1 microL/min have been demonstrated using <1 mW of power. Pumping at backpressures as high as 200 psi have been demonstrated, with 20 nL/min having been observed using <4 mW. By integrating two electrochemical pumps with a polymer electrospray nozzle, we have confirmed the successful generation of a solvent gradient via a mass spectrometer.

Coated Materials, Biocompatible↗
PubMed2004

Validation of an elliptical anthropometric model to estimate visceral compartment area.

OBJECTIVE: The visceral compartment is a surrogate for visceral adipose tissue. Cross-sectional visceral compartment area (VCA) has been approximated from waist circumference using a circular model. However, the two-dimensional shape of the abdomen is rarely circular. This study validated an elliptical model of cross-sectional total abdominal area (TAA), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area, and VCA at the L(4)-L(5) level. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We analyzed magnetic resonance images (MRIs) at the level of the L(4)-L(5) intervertebral space from 35 subjects with a wide range of abdominal adiposity. Waist circumference, abdominal thickness (midline sagittal diameter), abdominal width (coronal diameter at one-half of abdominal thickness), and abdominal SAT thickness at four sites (front, back, right, and left) were measured from MRI images using an image analysis software. The same anatomical regions were also estimated from anthropometrics purely by geometric formulae of circular and elliptical models. A simple linear regression model was used to interpret the association strength between anthropometric estimates and MRI measures. RESULTS: Estimated TAA by either model was strongly related to MRI TAA (r(2) = 0.98, p < 0.0001). The SAT and VCA by MRI analysis showed a stronger association with calculation from an elliptical model (r(2) = 0.95 and 0.88, respectively; p < 0.001) than a circular model (r(2) = 0.69 and 0.25, respectively; p < 0.001). The absolute prediction residuals and variances were significantly smaller with an elliptical model than a circular model (p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION: An elliptical anthropometric model might be superior to a circular model to estimate abdominal SAT and VCA.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2004

Sex-specific fat distribution is not linear across pubertal groups in a multiethnic study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate sexual dimorphism and race differences in fat distribution (android/gynoid) before and during puberty. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Fat distribution was measured by skinfold thickness and DXA in healthy African-American, Asian, and white subjects (n = 920), divided into pre-, early, and late pubertal groups. RESULTS: Gynoid fat masses adjusted for covariates were lower in late pubertal compared with prepubertal boys, but were not consistently greater in late pubertal compared with prepubertal girls. Progression of sex-specific fat distribution with increasing maturation was present in Asians only. Among African-American and white subjects, early pubertal boys had greater gynoid fat mass compared with the prepubertal group, whereas early pubertal girls had less gynoid fat mass compared with the prepubertal group. Sexual dimorphism in fat distribution was present in all pubertal groups, except among whites at early puberty. Among girls, Asians had lower gynoid fat than whites and African Americans in all pubertal groups. Among boys, Asians had less gynoid fat by DXA in early puberty and late puberty. DISCUSSION: Comparison among races demonstrated differences in sexual dimorphism and sex-specific fat distribution with progression in pubertal group. However, in all race groups, the fat distribution of late pubertal boys was more "male" or "android" than prepubertal boys, but late pubertal girls did not differ consistently from prepubertal girls. These findings suggested that the greater sexual dimorphism of fat distribution in late puberty compared with prepuberty may be attributable to larger changes in boys with smaller changes in girls.

Adipose Tissue↗