Biomedical subjects

R Attström

Publications and source records attributed to R Attström.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

The effect of cyclosporin-A on the oral microflora at gingival sulcus of the ferret.

The effect of cyclosporin-A (CyA) on the dentogingival flora of ferrets with healthy and experimentally induced periodontal breakdown was studied. Five animals were given 10 mg/kg/d CyA. At the start of the experiments (day 0), ligatures were placed around 4 teeth in the right upper and lower jaws; corresponding contralateral teeth on the left side served as control. On days 0 and 28 (end of the experiment), microbiological samples were collected from the gingival sulcus of the experimental and the control teeth and from closely located gingival mucosa membrane. The samples were subjected to viable counts and to darkfield microscopic analyses. On day 0, facultative anaerobic rods, mainly Pasteurella spp, Alcaligenes spp, Corynebacterium spp. and Rothia spp dominated in the viable counts. No anaerobic bacteria were detected in the viable counts. On day 28 spirochetes increased in the experimental gingival sulcus samples and anaerobic bacteria appeared in most of the samples and constituted 40-60% of the total cultivable flora; Fusobacterium necrophorum and Eubacterium spp. predominated in the samples from the experimental sites. The results of the present study were compared with those of our previous investigation of ferrets not medicated with cyclosporin but also subject to experimental ligature periodontitis. Eubacterium spp. were absent in the animals not treated with cyclosporin, while this species was frequently present in the immunosuppressed ferrets. The results indicate that the presence of the large numbers of gram negative rods and of anaerobic bacteria may have enhanced the inflammatory process and further provoked the gingival overgrowth observed.

Actinomycetaceae↗

PubMed1996

Effect of local application of delmopinol hydrochloride on developing and early established supragingival plaque in humans.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of delmopinol hydrochloride on the development of dental plaque and on newly established plaque. In addition, the influence of this compound on the composition of the microbiota colonizing the gingival mucous membrane was studied. 14 healthy male volunteers took part. After a 3 week pre-experimental period of intense oral hygiene, the participants refrained from all oral hygiene for 14 days. The buccal surfaces of cuspids and bicuspids on one side of the jaws were treated with a 1% aqueous solution of delmopinol hydrochloride (applied with a paint brush) 2 x a day for 7 days, while the contralateral side received placebo solution. On day 7, the application procedures were changed in that the test compound was applied on the teeth previously treated with placebo and vice versa. Plaque development was assessed clinically and by photo-based planimetric determination. The clinical recordings revealed that 89.3% of the placebo-treated surfaces displayed visible plaque on day 7, compared to 6.0% of the delmopinol hydrochloride treated surfaces. Delmopinol hydrochloride treatment of the previously placebo-treated surfaces resulted in a decrease in the number of surfaces with visible plaque from 89.3% on day 7 to 6% on day 14. These results were confirmed by the planimetric data. No significant change in the composition of the mucosal flora was observed during the experimental period. The present results indicate that delmopinol hydrochloride markedly reduces the formation of dental plaque on a clean tooth surface exposed to conditions which favour bacterial colonization. Furthermore, the substance appears to possess plaque-dissolving properties.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1995

Comparison of the effect of the linseed extract Salinum and a methyl cellulose preparation on the symptoms of dry mouth.

The effect of a linseed extract Salinum and a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose preparation called MAS-84 was compared with regard to its effect on the symptoms of dry mouth. Twenty patients with xerostomia, who had been treated for cancer in the head and neck by radiation were recruited from the clinic for maxillofacial surgery, Malmo University Hospital. Following radiation treatment the salivation was severely reduced. The symptoms of a general feeling of a dry mouth, difficulties in chewing and swallowing, taste disturbances, problems with speech and mouth burning were registered on a subjective verbal rating scale. In addition plaque index and gingival bleeding were determined. The study design was crossover and performed single blind. The experimental period was 7 weeks. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group used Salinum and the other MAS-84 for 3 weeks. The fourth week was a wash out period and for the next three weeks the patients shifted preparation. Each of the preparations was used ad libitum. Registrations of the various parameters were undertaken on days 0, 7 and 21 of the respective period. At the initial examination all patients reported considerable disturbances from mouth-dryness. These symptoms were reduced in 15 patients during the Salinum period and in 9 during the MAS-84 period. The relief was significantly more pronounced during the use of Salinum compared to that during the use of the methyl cellulose preparation. On day 21 plaque and gingival bleeding were significantly reduced during the Salinum period but not during the MAS-84 period. The results of the present study confirm those of a previous pilot study and indicate that the linseed mucilage significantly reduced the symptoms of dry mouth. This effect increased with increasing time of saliva substitute use. The linseed mucilage Salinum appeared to be a suitable saliva replacement in mouth dry patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Treatment of furcation defects. Guided tissue regeneration versus coronally positioned flap in mandibular molars; a pilot study.

The present study was designed to compare the healing results after treatment of buccal class II furcation defects in mandibular molars utilizing guided tissue regeneration (GTR) technique or coronally positioned flap (CPF) technique. The patient sample consisted of 8 subjects with 18 bilateral furcation defects in mandibular molars. At baseline, 6 and 12 months postoperatively assessments of plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depths, probing attachment level and bleeding on probing were recorded. Radiographic assessment was performed using conventional radiographs and subtraction images at baseline and 12 months postoperatively. The furcation defects were randomly assigned in each patient to either the GTR or the CPF technique. 12 months postoperatively, there was a statistically significant reduction in probing pocket depths in the GTR treated teeth and a tendency to gain of probing attachment levels 6 months postoperatively. The CPF group showed a statistically significant reduction of probing pocket depths at 6 months and a tendency to reduction after 12 months. The radiological assessment demonstrated gain of interradicular bone tissue in 2 furcation defects of the GTR group. Gain of bone tissue could not be demonstrated in the CPF group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 treatment modalities.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Short-term effect of topical application of delmopinol on salivary microbiology, plaque, and gingivitis.

The aim of this study was to test a possible dose-response effect of topical application of delmopinol HCl on the salivary microbiology, the healing of a pre-established experimental gingivitis, plaque development, and supragingival plaque composition. Forty-eight healthy subjects were enrolled in an oral hygiene program for 2 wk to upgrade their oral health. After professional tooth cleaning, they abstained from all oral hygiene, but applied 2 ml of a placebo with a soft paintbrush onto their teeth twice daily for 2 wk. At the end of this period, the subjects received tooth cleaning and were then assigned to three treatment groups of 16 individuals each. They applied 2 ml of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% delmopinol HCl, respectively, twice daily for the next 2 wk and refrained from all other oral hygiene procedures. At the end of the placebo and delmopinol HCl treatment periods, (1) saliva samples were obtained and cultivated on a series of media, (2) the degree of gingivitis was measured with gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingivitis index (GI), (3) the stainable buccal plaque extension was analyzed planimetrically, and (4) the bacterial morphotypes of plaque adjacent to the gingival margin were analyzed. No changes in the salivary microbiologic counts were detected. The amounts of GCF and GI were reduced in all delmopinol groups, as compared with placebo. Mean plaque extension was reduced by 16% for the 0.1%, 56% for the 0.5%, and 58% for the 1% delmopinol group. Cocci appeared to predominate in bacterial dental plaque when 0.5% and 1% delmopinol were used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

The effect of Salinum on the symptoms of dry mouth: a pilot study.

The effect of a new saliva substitute, Salinum, was tested in 37 patients with severe symptoms of reduced salivation. The majority of the patients had suffered from hyposalivation and dry mouth for more than 8 years. The saliva substitute consisted of a water soluble extract of linseed. The physical properties of this extract are similar to those of the glycoproteins of the salivary secretions. The patients used the saliva substitute for a seven days period. Prior to the use of the extract the patients reported that the most severe symptoms of decreased salivation were a feeling of dryness in the mouth and burning sensations in the tongue, pharynx and oesophagus, The majority of the patients reported that the use of Salinum reduced the symptoms of hyposalivation. Great variation in effect occurred from patient to patient. Generally the patients with the most severe symptoms experienced the greatest relief of the symptoms when they used Salinum. Although of short duration the results of this pilot study indicate that an extract of linseeds may compensate for some aspects of the consequences of reduced salivation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the feasibility of the extract as saliva replacement.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Microbiology of early supragingival plaque development after delmopinol treatment.

The aim of this double blind, cross-over, microbiological study was to compare the effect of topical application of the plaque control agent 0.5% delmopinol HCl with placebo on early supragingival plaque formation. Six subjects underwent 7 periods (0.5, 1, 2, 8 and 24 h and 3 and 7 days) of placebo and delmopinol application, respectively. At the start of each study period the teeth were professionally cleaned and 2 ml of placebo and delmopinol 0.5%, respectively, were applied on all teeth (twice daily for periods lasting 24 h or more). At the end of each period, supragingival plaque samples of one upper and one lower buccal tooth surface were collected separately and cultured on anaerobically incubated Brucella blood agar, on aerobically incubated blood agar and on selective media for the enumeration of Streptococcus spp., Haemophilus spp., Actinomyces spp., Veillonella spp., Neisseria spp. and Fusobacterium spp. The total anaerobic cultivable microflora after delmopinol use was 10-100 times lower than after placebo use. Compared with placebo, the proportion of cultivable aerobes (61.3%), Streptococcus spp. (104.8%) and Haemophilus spp. (82.3%) increased and the proportion of Actinomyces spp. (86.1%), Veillonella spp. (60.5%), Neisseria spp. (96.9%) and Fusobacterium spp. (60.6%) decreased after 7 days. Short-term application of 0.5% delmopinol HCl on supragingival dental plaque regrowth resulted in a reduction of the number of cultivable microorganisms in the plaque and produced a shift in the cultivable plaque composition.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1993

Scanning electron microscopic observations of early plaque formation in vivo on enamel specimens treated with delmopinol.

The aim of this double blind, cross-over, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study was to compare the effect of topical application of 0.5% delmopinol HCl (aqueous solution) with placebo on early supragingival plaque formation on enamel specimens attached to a maxillary premolar. 3 subjects underwent 2x (placebo and delmopinol treatment, respectively) 7 treatment periods (1/2, 1, 2, 8, 24 hours; 3, 7 days) of undisturbed dental plaque accumulation, during which 2 ml of placebo and delmopinol HCl 0.5%, respectively, were applied topically to all teeth 2x daily. At the end of each period, the specimen was retrieved and processed for SEM. For the specimens obtained after 24 h or less, the number of visible micro-organisms was estimated. For the 3- and 7-day specimens, the area covered by plaque was calculated planimetrically. Large inter-individual differences were observed in the number of bacteria attaching during the first 24 h, with apparently no major differences between delmopinol and placebo. 1 subject showed a bacterial colonization predominated by curved rods throughout the first 8 h. Compared to placebo, the area of the specimens covered by plaque was reduced after 3 and 7 days of delmopinol use, with coccoid cells as the predominant morphotype. Plaque maturity, characterized by the appearance of corncob formations and high numbers of different morphotypes, was not observed on the delmopinol specimens, in contrast to the placebo specimens. The study shows that topical application of 0.5% delmopinol HCl delays and interferes with dental plaque maturation.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Normal histologic features of domestic ferret periodontium.

The normal histologic features of the periodontal tissues in 17 domestic ferrets (10 male and 7 female) are described. The following teeth were histologically evaluated: canines, the maxillary third premolar (P3), the mandibular fourth premolar (P4), the carnassial teeth (P4 in the maxilla and the first molar, M1, in the mandible) and the next molar after the carnassials (M1 in the maxilla and M2 in the mandible). After histologic preparation for light microscopy, the sections were analyzed at magnifications of x 20 and x 100. The histometric measurements performed were 1) distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar bone crest, 2) distance between CEJ and the most coronal connective tissue, 3) root length, 4) width of the periodontal ligament at three different locations along the root surface, and 5) cementum layer thickness at the most apical portion of the root. The number of sections exhibiting root resorption was counted. The results gave the normal values of some common periodontal variables and suggested a possible future use of the domestic ferret as an alternative experimental animal in periodontology.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival application of a chlorhexidine gel in chronic periodontitis. A pilot study.

Clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival application of a 1% chlorhexidine gel were studied. Eleven patients with chronic periodontitis participated in the study. In each patient two pairs of single rooted teeth with at least 20% attachment loss and probing depth > 4 mm were selected. Contralateral sites were randomly allocated to test and control groups receiving chlorhexidine or placebo gel respectively. The gels were applied once daily for two consecutive days. The clinical parameters comprised plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing. The composition of the subgingival microbiota was estimated with use of dark field microscopy. Baseline measurements were taken two weeks prior to chlorhexidine application. Microbiological and clinical parameters were further monitored 2, 7, 14 and 28 days after the last gel application. Chlorhexidine gel application did not significantly change the composition of the microflora compared to placebo application. There were no major differences in plaque and gingival indices. Effects on probing pocket depth of the chlorhexidine gel application may have been disguised by an influence from the diameter of the needle with which the application was performed. Needles with a diameter of 25G resulted in increases in probing pocket depth which indicates a possible mechanical trauma. This effect was not observed when needles with a diameter of 23G were used.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Local inflammatory reactions in juvenile and adult rats.

The present investigation was designed for the study of the early phases of local inflammatory reactions in juvenile and adult rats. A recently developed experimental model, based on continuous diffusion of an inflammation inducing agent, was applied. Thirty-five juvenile (6 weeks) and thirty-five adult (6 months) rats were used. Two sterile teflon tables were implanted subcutaneously on the back of each animal on each side of the midline. After three weeks, when a connective tissue capsula had developed, the tablets were replaced by one test tablet (containing lipopolysaccharide) and one fresh teflon tablet, respectively. In each group five animals were sacrificed on day 0 and fifteen animals on each of day 7 and 21. Biopsies comprising tablet and surrounding tissue were taken and exposed to routine histological treatment. The total number of cells was assessed in four defined areas in connection with each tablet. Cells classified as leukocytes were recorded separately. The analysis was performed at 1000x magnification in a light microscope. During the first seven days an increase in the number of leukocytes was seen in the tissue adjacent to the test tablets in both young and adult rats. After 21 days the number of leukocytes was still high in the adult group while in the juvenile group the number of leukocytes returned to the base-line level.

Aging↗

PubMed1992

The effect of delmopinol rinsing on dental plaque formation and gingivitis healing.

The aim of this study was to investigate a possible dose-response effect of delmopinol hydrochloride, on the development of plaque and on the healing of gingivitis. 64 healthy male volunteers, aged 18-40 years with healthy gingivae and clean teeth, participated. During a 2-week period, the participants refrained from all oral hygiene and rinsed 2x daily with a placebo solution. On day 14 of the study, they received professional toothcleaning, and were randomly assigned to 4 groups. For the following 2 weeks, they rinsed 2x daily for 1 min with 10 ml of 0.05% (15 subjects), 0.1% (17) or 0.2% (16) delmopinol, respectively. 16 subjects rinsed with 0.2% chlorhexidine. No oral hygiene procedures were performed during the test period. On days 0, 14 and 28, gingival bleeding index and the presence of stainable plaque were determined. Periodic identical photographs were used for planimetric determination of buccal plaque extension. No significant difference for the reduction in gingival bleeding index was found between 0.2% delmopinol and chlorhexidine rinsing. The mean plaque index showed its most significant reduction on lingual surfaces of both upper and lower jaws when rinsing with 0.2% delmopinol. Mean plaque extension was reduced by 23% for 0.05%, 39% for 0.1% and 55% for 0.2% delmopinol. A significant dose-response effect for 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% delmopinol was found for gingival bleeding index, plaque index and plaque extension. The results show that delmopinol favors the healing of gingivitis and reduces plaque formation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Gingivectomy versus flap surgery: the effect of the treatment of infrabony defects. A clinical and radiographic study.

The aim of this paper was to compare the short-term results of gingivectomy (GV) and modified Widman flap (MWF) surgery in the treatment of infrabony defects. 14 patients with 68 bilateral infrabony defects were selected. At baseline, and 3 and 6 months postoperatively, assessments of oral hygiene, gingival conditions, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and attachment level, were recorded. Conventional radiograps were obtained in a way that assured a reproducible projection geometry. In a split-mouth design, one jaw quadrant was randomly treated with GV, while the contralateral with a MWF. The changes of the bone tissue were assessed by means of conventional and subtraction images by 2 observers. The interobserver agreement of the conventional and subtraction technique was studied. The majority of the sites demonstrated a significant improvement in gingival conditions and a reduction in bleeding. For both treatments, probing depths were reduced by an average of 3 mm, while a mean of 1.22-1.35 mm of probing attachment gain was obtained. The GV resulted in slightly more gingival recession (1.90 mm) than the MWF (1.60 mm). The radiographic examination demonstrated gain of bone in 7 defects treated with GV and in 9 defects treated with MWF. This study demonstrated that pockets associated with infrabony defects can be successfully treated by both treatment modalities. Furthermore, bone gain can occur after treatment but not in a predictable manner.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

The effect of supragingival plaque control on the composition of the subgingival flora in periodontal pockets.

The effect of mechanical supragingival plaque control on the composition of the subgingival microflora in untreated 4-6 mm deep periodontal pockets was investigated. 13 subjects with chronic periodontitis were recruited for the study. Periodontally-diseased sites were subjected to professional plaque control 3 x weekly for a period of 3 weeks. Contralateral sites received no prophylaxis and served as controls. No instructions in oral hygiene procedures were given to the patients who maintained their habitual oral hygiene regime during the observation period. Clinical examination and darkfield microscopic analysis of bacterial samples were performed every week. The PlI scores for the experimental sites were reduced markedly, while those for the control sites remained stable throughout the observation period. No changes in the other clinical parameters were detected during the study. The composition of the subgingival microflora at the control sites did not change during the experimental period. In contrast, at the test sites, the proportion of spirochetes+motile rods decreased continuously. This decrease reached statistical significance at the end of the experiment. The results indicate that at periodontally diseased sites with an established subgingival ecosystem, supragingival plaque removal may influence the composition of the subgingival microflora.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of infrabony defects on maxillary premolars. A pilot study.

The present study evaluated clinically and radiographically the short-term results of the healing of infrabony defects at maxillary premolars treated according to guided tissue regeneration (GTR). 9 patients with bilateral presence of infrabony defects with or without furcation involvements at maxillary premolars were selected. At baseline assessments of plaque and gingival indices, bleeding, probing pocket depth and attachment level, and furcation measurements were recorded. Conventional radiographs were obtained in a way that assured a reproducible projection geometry. One premolar was randomly treated with GTR and the contralateral with open debridement. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed again 6 months postoperatively. The bone tissue changes were assessed by means of conventional radiographs and subtraction images. Sites treated by both procedures demonstrated an improvement of gingival conditions and a reduction of pocket depths. A statistically significant attachment gain was obtained for the test (mean 1.2 mm), but not for the control sites (mean 0.6 mm). The differences, though, were not significant between the test and control sites. Limited improvement in furcation closure was recorded. The radiographic examination demonstrated loss of bone tissue in four sites treated with GTR. The findings suggest that the regeneration of the periodontal soft and bone tissues was not significantly enhanced with the GTR therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

The effect of topical metronidazole therapy on experimentally-induced periodontitis in the beagle dog.

The present study was performed to assess the effect of topical metronidazole therapy on ligature-induced periodontitis in beagle dogs. 6 beagle dogs with experimentally-induced periodontitis on the mandibular 2nd, 3rd and 4th premolars were treated with metronidazole 10% dental paste 2 x daily for 4 weeks in an open placebo-controlled study using a split-mouth design. Recordings of probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing and gingival index were performed before commencement of treatment and repeated weekly during the 4-weeks treatment period. Concurrently, samples for microbiological analysis were collected from 2 of the dogs. The results demonstrated that probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing and gingival index had improved significantly in the metronidazole-treated side compared with the placebo-treated side. Black pigmented Bacteroides spp. and Spirochetes, present in all samples before treatment, were eliminated from the metronidazole-treated side after the 1st week of treatment and throughout the treatment period, whereas they were present in all samples from the placebo-treated side. The result of the present study demonstrates that topical application of metronidazole in a dental paste, improves the clinical features of the experimentally-induced periodontitis and eliminates some of the micro-organisms associated with the disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

3 regimens of topical metronidazole compared with subgingival scaling on periodontal pathology in adults.

This report presents the findings from an open randomized multicentre clinical trial designed to compare the clinical efficacy of scaling with application of 3 different preparations/dose frequencies of topical metronidazole in the treatment of adult periodontitis. The 4 treatments were: (A) metronidazole 25% dental gel administered 1 x a week for 2 weeks; (B) metronidazole 15% dental gel applied 1 x a week for 2 weeks; (C) metronidazole 15% dental gel applied 2 x a week for 2 weeks; (D) subgingival scaling, performed 1 x only. A split mouth design was used. Patients were included in the study if they had at least 1 tooth in each quadrant with a pocket depth > or = 5 mm in at least 1 of 4 sites. A total of 61 patients from 4 centres were entered into the study. The efficacy parameters were probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing. Follow-up visits for recording of clinical efficacy were made at 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks after the end of metronidazole treatment. All 3 antibiotic treatments (A, B, C) reduced the symptoms of periodontal pathology and yielded results comparable to those seen after subgingival scaling (D). When using a topical drug therapy, it seems important to use a preparation that requires as few applications as possible. The best candidate for drug therapy would therefore be treatment (A) metronidazole 25% applied 1 x a week for 2 weeks.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Rinsing with delmopinol 0.2% and chlorhexidine 0.2%: short-term effect on salivary microbiology, plaque, and gingivitis.

The aim of this short-term study was to compare the effect of delmopinol HCl 0.2% and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% rinses on the development of dental plaque, the healing of experimental gingivitis, and the salivary microbiology. As part of a larger study protocol, 45 healthy males enrolled in an oral hygiene program to upgrade their oral health. For this portion of the study, participants had their teeth professionally cleaned on day 0. The participants then abstained from standard mechanical oral hygiene procedures, but applied a placebo solution twice daily for 2 weeks. At the end of this period the subjects received a second professional cleaning and were then assigned to 2 treatment groups: Group 1 rinsed with 10 ml of delmopinol HCl 0.2% and Group 2 rinsed with 10 ml of chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% for 1 minute twice daily for the next 2 weeks and continued to refrain from mechanical oral hygiene procedures. At the end of the placebo and active treatment periods 1) saliva samples were taken and cultivated on a series of media; 2) the degree of gingivitis was assessed with gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingivitis index (GI); and 3) the plaque index was assessed and the stainable buccal plaque extension was analyzed planimetrically. No changes in the salivary microbiological counts were detected for the subjects rinsing with delmopinol. Subjects rinsing with chlorhexidine showed significant reductions of anaerobes, aerobes, and S. mutans in saliva. The amounts of GCF and GI were reduced largely to the same extent in both treatment groups. Mean plaque extension was reduced by 52% after delmopinol and 88% after chlorhexidine rinsing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗