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Biomedical subjects

R Attström

Publications and source records attributed to R Attström.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The effect of 1% chlorhexidine gel delivered with toothpicks on proximal dental plaque. A pilot study.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 1% chlorhexidine gel delivered with toothpicks on interproximal dental plaque. Seven follow-up patients participated in two treatment periods of 1 week each, separated by a normal oral hygiene period of one week. The study had double-blind design. The plaque index by Silness and Löe (Acta Odontol Scand 22: 121-135, 1964) was scored on mesial, distal, buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth after plaque disclosure, with an aqueous solution of erythrosine and the measurements were performed by the same examiner, at the initial visit and at the end of every experimental week. The ability to use toothpicks was checked and upgraded to the individual need. The participants were instructed to carry out their normal oral hygiene procedures, with placebo gel or 1% chlorhexidine gel delivered interproximally with toothpicks once daily. No significant differences in the measurement of plaque were noted between placebo gel and 1% chlorhexidine gel at interproximal areas. After treatment with 1% chlorhexidine gel, the mean distribution of plaque score 0 was increased significantly (P < 0.05), from 30.7 sites (52%) to 42 sites (71.1%) when all sites are taken into account and compared to the placebo period. 1% Chlorhexidine gel delivered by toothpick on interproximal areas had a limited effect on reduction of dental plaque.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effect of the pre-brushing rinse, Plax, on dental plaque formation.

The aim of this double-blind cross-over study was to investigate plaque accumulation after the use of the pre-brushing rinse Plax, compared to placebo. 10 volunteers underwent 2 treatment periods of 1 week, separated by a wash-out period of 1 week. At the start of each study period, professional tooth-cleaning was performed. On days 2, 4, and 7 of each treatment period, periodic identical photographs after plaque disclosure were taken for planimetric analyses of plaque extension on canines, premolars. During each treatment period, the subjects were supervised when rinsing twice daily for 30 seconds with 15 ml of placebo or Plax, followed by brushing. The subjects performed a standardized poor brushing technique without toothpaste. No significant differences were noted between placebo and Plax for plaque extension on days, 2, 4 and 7. The results show that buccal plaque growth is equal after 2x daily rinsing with Plax and placebo in subjects performing a poor oral hygiene.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Clinical evaluation of pulp and dentine sensitivity after supragingival and subgingival scaling.

The exposure of dentinal tubules by the removal of root cementum on scaling procedures has been proposed to be a source of pulp injury and to cause dentine hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the pulp and dentine after supragingival and subgingival scaling. Eleven patients with periodontally diseased mandibular incisors were selected. The subjects were divided into two groups according to marginal bone loss. The pulp sensitivity was evaluated by an electric pulp test. Dentine sensitivity was evaluated with two forms of controlled stimulations (probe and air-jet) and with a questionnaire. No changes in pulp sensitivity were found after scaling, but a clinically significant increase in dentine sensitivity to probe and/or air stimuli was observed in 6 patients. Five of these were also sensitive to daily life stimuli. A natural mechanism of desensitization seemed to have occurred two weeks after subgingival debridement. This study showed that supragingival and subgingival scaling might cause a more or less transient occurrence of dentine hypersensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A new experimental model for studies of local inflammatory reactions.

The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a method for studies of the early phase of the local inflammatory reaction, based on continuous diffusion of an inflammatory inducing agent. 25 rats were used. Four sterile teflon tablets were implanted subcutaneously in the back of each animal. After 3 weeks, when a connective tissue capsula had formed, the tablets were replaced by two test tablets, containing 35 micrograms lipopolysaccaride, one placebo and one teflon tablet. Five rats were sacrificed on day 0, 4, 7, 14, 21, respectively, and biopsies comprising tablet and surrounding tissue were harvested and exposed to routine histologic treatment. The number of leucocytes was assessed in four defined areas adjacent to each tablet. During the first seven days an increase in the number of leucocytes was seen in the tissues adjacent to test tablets. After 14 and 21 days the number of leucocytes was still high but lower as compared to day 7. In the tissues bordering the placebo and teflon tablets only few inflammatory cells were found. The results suggest that the tested method is suitable for studies of local inflammatory reactions during a 21 day period in experimental animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of various frequently occurring periodontal problems].

Some clinical factors of importance for handling of periodontal problems are discussed in this paper by means of case reports. Severe but localised alveolar bone loss, treatment of narrow or missing attached gingiva and periodontal abscess formation are briefly described.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Postgraduate training centre in dentistry in Sweden.

The Swedish government closed down the dental school of Lund because too many dentists were produced. In this article Professor Attström explains why postgraduate courses were started in spite of the closing of the school.

Dentists↗
PubMed1989

Supra-alveolar periodontal healing of auto- and allotransplanted teeth in monkeys.

Although intra-alveolar healing of allotransplanted teeth often shows pathological changes due to rejection of the tooth graft, previous clinical findings seem to indicate that the supra-alveolar part of the allografts heals differently, which is of significant prognostic value. The aim of the present study was to determine the healing of the cervical part of the periodontium of auto- and allotransplanted mature teeth in monkeys. In 4 adult, immunologically unmatched, green vervet monkeys 16 mature permanent maxillary and mandibular incisors were extracted, endodontically treated and either auto- or allotransplanted; 8 untreated neighbouring incisors served as controls. Block biopsies including part of the tooth and the adjacent vestibular tissues were obtained after a healing period of 8 weeks. The biopsies were decalcified in EDTA and embedded in Epon. In semi-thin section (1.5 microns) the morphology of the supra-alveolar periodontal tissues was analysed in the light microscope. The orientation of the connective tissue fibres close to the root surface was found to be more parallel to the root surface of allotransplants compared with autografts, while in the control teeth the fibres were generally oriented perpendicular to the root surface. Resorption of the root was seldom found in the supra-alveolar portions of any of the transplanted teeth. The junctional epithelium had migrated slightly apically onto the root surfaces of allotransplanted teeth. The gingival connective tissue adjacent to allotransplanted teeth showed a significantly increased number of lymphocytes compared with autografts and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1985

Regeneration of alveolar bone following surgical and non-surgical periodontal treatment.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the regeneration of alveolar bone following surgical and non-surgical periodontal treatment. A total of 16 patients who had advanced periodontitis and demonstrated angular bony defects on radiographs participated in the study. After the initial examination, they received instruction in oral hygiene and had their teeth thoroughly scaled. When the individual patient at 2 succeeding appointments had plaque on less than 20% of the tooth surfaces, one maxillary and one mandibular quadrant was treated with the modified Widman flap procedure while one of the remaining quadrants was treated with the reverse bevel flap procedure. The last quadrant was treated with root planing under local anesthesia. None of these procedures included bone contouring. Following treatment, the patients were recalled every 2 weeks for professional tooth cleaning. Radiographs taken 12 months following treatment revealed that only minor changes in the bone level had occurred in areas with horizontal bone loss following the various treatment modalities. Following the modified Widman flap procedure, however, a statistically significant coronal regrowth of bone (0.5 mm) had occurred in angular bony defects. The majority of the angular bony defects persisted following all 3 treatment modalities.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1985

Oral hygiene instruction in general dental practice by means of self-teaching manuals.

The present study evaluates the applicability of delivering oral hygiene instruction to patients in general dental practice by means of self-educational programs. Patients (55) seeking dental treatment in 3 general dental practices in Denmark were divided at random into a conventional professional instruction group (C) in which each individual received personal instruction by the dentist and a self-instruction group (S), in which the patients were given self-educational programs. In order to evaluate the effect of the 2 types of instruction, the presence or absence of dento-gingival plaque and gingival bleeding by probing was recorded prior to the instruction and after 3 and 6 months. The patient of the self-instruction group (S) answered a questionnaire about the treatment 1 week after they had received the self-instruction program. An identical improvement in oral hygiene and gingival health was recorded in both treatment groups after 3 and 6 months. This finding indicates, that the self-educational programs were as effective in changing the oral hygiene habits of the patients as was personal oral hygiene instruction by dental personnel. The answers of the patients to the post-treatment questionnaire reflected a favorable attitude towards the use of self-educational programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructure of developing subgingival plaque in beagle dogs.

The aim of this study was to describe the ultrastructure of developing subgingival plaque. In 6 beagle dogs, healthy gingiva prevailed after a pre-experimental period of intensive plaque control. At the start of the experiment, all oral hygiene measures were withdrawn. Biopsies comprising buccal gingiva and adjacent dental tissues were obtained from premolars and molars on days 0, 4, 7, 21, and 28 and processed for electron microscopy. Sections of day 0 exhibited a junctional epithelium in close contact with the tooth and absence of subgingival aggregations of bacteria on the tooth surface. For each of the subsequent periods studied, some sections did not exhibit subgingival plaque. In the remaining sections with subgingival plaque, almost all bacteria appeared in aggregates attached to the tooth surface. The number of bacteria at the orifice of the gingival sulcus increased with time. Further apically, the micro-organisms formed either a continuous layer of even thickness or, more frequently, discrete microcolonies along the tooth surface. The bacteria comprised practically entirely Gram-negative cocci, rods or spirochetes. The latter were present either mixed with the other types in the discrete microcolonies or constituted the bulk of the continuous layer of plaque. In the apical part of the subgingival plaque, a shift from Gram-negative cocci and rod during the early stages of gingival inflammation, to a predominance of spirochetes in later stages was noted. The study shows that in dogs, starting from a plaque- and gingivitis-free baseline, a predominantly Gram-negative subgingival flora may form within a few days after withdrawal of all oral hygiene measures and that a shift in the bacterial composition of the subgingival plaque takes place during a 4-week period of no oral hygiene.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Reproducibility of pocket depth and attachment level measurements when using a flexible splint.

Pocket depth, attachment level and bone level assessments were carried out using flexible splints to produce readily identifiable reference points and to standardize the probing spot and the direction of probe insertion. The pocket depth and attachment level measurements were carried out twice at intervals of 3 weeks, both before and 3 months after periodontal treatment. The level of alveolar bone was measured by transgingival probing ("sounding") and again following elevation of a mucoperiosteal flap. The measurements were made with a periodontal probe to the nearest higher millimeter. Complete agreement was found between the first and second measurements of pocket depths and attachment level for approximately 60% of the examined surfaces, both before and after periodontal treatment. A deviation of 1 mm or less was found for approximately 95% of the surfaces, and the difference between the first and second measurement never exceeded 3 mm. When transgingival probing measurements were compared to the measurements of the periodontal bone level assessed after elevation of a mucoperiosteal flap, complete agreement was found for 60% of the surfaces, and a deviation of 1 mm or less was found for 90% of the surfaces. No discrepancy exceeding 3 mm was observed. The results of this study indicate that readily identifiable reference points can be produced by flexible splints in assessments of pocket depth, attachment level and bone level alterations in studies on the effect of periodontal treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effect of root planing as compared to that of surgical treatment.

This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of root planing as compared to that of surgical periodontal treatment in patients with advanced periodontal disease. 17 patients with advanced periodontal disease participated in the study. After the initial examination, the teeth were scaled and the patients were given instruction in performing proper oral hygiene. The hygienic phase for the individual patient was continued until less than 20% of the tooth surfaces demonstrated plaque at 2 succeeding appointments. After re-assessment of the periodontal status, 1 side in both the maxilla and mandible was treated with modified Widman flap surgery. In 1 of the remaining quadrants, in the maxilla or mandible, reverse bevel flap surgery was used. Bone contouring was not performed in any of the surgical procedures. The last quadrant was subjected to meticulous root planing under local anesthesia. Subsequently, the patients were recalled every second week for professional tooth cleaning. The periodontal status of each patient was assessed 3 and 6 months following treatment. Root planing resulted in considerable reduction in pocket depth, although more shallow pockets were obtained following modified Widman flap and reverse bevel flap surgery. Clinical gain of attachment was obtained following all 3 modalities, but root planing resulted in slightly more gain of attachment than the 2 surgical procedures.

Adult↗