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R Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to R Bailey.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Chorionic villus sampling in Auckland 1989-90.

AIMS: to perform an audit of all 197 chorionic villus sampling procedures performed in Auckland in 1989-90. METHOD: an attempt to trace the outcome in all 197 cases and this was possible in 188 cases. RESULTS: 89% of chorionic villus samples were performed transvaginally and 11% transabdominally. The total fetal loss rate was 9.6% (18) with six spontaneous miscarriages before 20 weeks gestation (3.2%), one intermediate fetal death and one neonatal death. There were 10 elective terminations of pregnancy following abnormal results so the spontaneous loss rate was 4.3%. CONCLUSIONS: the loss rate was lower than that reported in the European and Canadian multicentre trials. The sampling success rate, however, was poor with 13.7% failed procedures. This improved in the second year of the service to 10%. There were no failure cultures or examples of mosaicism.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1992

Regulation of glucose kinetics in trauma patients by insulin and glucagon.

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the contribution of insulin and glucagon to regulation of glucose metabolism in man following severe, traumatic injury by manipulating concentrations of insulin and glucagon with infusions of somatostatin. Glucose kinetics were assessed with [U-14C, 6-(3)H]glucose in severely injured patients and compared with data obtained from patients recovering from minor, elective operative procedures. Glucose production was significantly increased in subjects with traumatic injury compared with control subjects (13.0 +/- 0.63 mumol/kg/min v 8.6 +/- 0.27 mumol/kg/min). There was no impairment in glucose oxidation by the injured patients. Modulation of insulin and glucagon with somatostatin indicated that non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake (NIMGU) was significantly elevated in injured patients (12.2 +/- 0.94 mumol/kg/min v 7.4 +/- 0.61 mumol/kg/min). Hepatic glucose output (HGO) in the absence of glucagon was also significantly elevated in injured patients (12.2 +/- 1.20 mumol/kg/min v 5.8 +/- 1.08 mumol/kg/min). Indirect calorimetry showed a 27% increase in resting energy expenditure (REE). Increased protein oxidation accounted for 56% of the increase in REE. Changes in carbohydrate and lipid oxidation accounted for 28% and 15% of the increase in REE. There was no correlation between the injury severity score of the injured patient and the degree of metabolic abnormality. It is concluded from these studies that (1) injured patients have a high rate of glucose turnover in the absence of glucagon and insulin; (2) the reliance on glucose as a source of energy is not diminished in injured subjects; and (3) increases in protein oxidation account for the majority of the increased REE found in injured patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Trachoma in the Sabou area (Burkina Faso). An epidemiological investigation].

Little is known about the epidemiology of trachoma in the Mossi plateau of Burkina Faso and the recent drought could have modified the transmission of the disease. A study population of 82,187 was surveyed using a cluster sample technique. A total of 1,841 people in 108 compounds were included in 18 villages. Data concerning trachoma were collected during six weeks of fieldwork in July 1991, during which local health workers were trained in trachoma and primary health care in ophthalmology. Active trachoma prevalence rises in infancy to reach a peak of about 13% (95% CI 3-23) in the 2 to 5 years old age groups, and then falls to less than 2% prevalence in 30 to 49 age group. Trachoma scarring is almost non-existent and trichiasis was not seen. Active disease was significantly more prevalent in female (prevalence ratio = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.34-2.90) and this difference was present from the age of 3 years. Active trachoma above the age of 30 was more likely to be intense than follicular (p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Because of a low prevalence of active disease and because trichiasis is absent, trachoma is not a major health problem in the Sabou area, Burkina Faso. Girls are more affected by active disease than boys and inflammatory trachoma in adults are usually intense in this setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effectiveness of inhaled bronchodilator delivery systems for elderly patients.

A prospective study of inhaler technique using aerosol metered dose inhalers (MDIs), Rotahalers and a breath-activated device (Aerolin Autohaler) was undertaken to assess how effectively elderly patients use their inhalers. Fifty-one patients aged 67-89 years (mean 77.4 years) were enrolled. Peak flow, FEV1 and FVC were recorded, before and after inhalation of 2.5 mg of salbutamol via a nebulizer, to assess the extent of reversible airways obstruction. Inhaler technique was assessed using a scoring system, based on performance in five aspects of inhaler use. Those with poor technique were randomly allocated to an alternative inhaler and reassessed. Twenty-nine of 51 patients demonstrated reversibility in their airways disease. Twenty-one of 47 had poor technique using an MDI and were given Rotahaler or Aerolin devices to use. Ten of 11 given Aerolin Autohalers improved but seven of ten using Rotahaler showed no improvement (p = 0.006). Subsequently, five of these seven were able to improve their technique with the breath-activated autohaler. The breath-activated Aerolin Autohaler is a better delivery system than Rotahalers for inhaled bronchodilators for elderly patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Epidemic dengue 1 in Brazil, 1986: evaluation of a clinically based dengue surveillance system.

In the last 15 years, dengue fever has emerged as a major health problem in tropical America. Prevention and control of epidemic disease are enhanced by the rapid identification of new or increased dengue activity. Most surveillance systems, however, identify cases by clinical case reports and, therefore, lack the sensitivity needed for early detection. During the 1986 dengue 1 epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the authors evaluated the usefulness of a clinical case definition by comparing it with laboratory-confirmed infection status of residents in two cities. The case definition had a sensitivity of 64% and a false-positive rate of 57%. Thus, for every 100 laboratory-confirmed dengue infections, 230 cases were reported. Both infected and noninfected residents who used medical services and who lived in the city with the highest transmission were more likely to meet the case definition. Thus, factors unrelated to actual infection influenced the sensitivity. With the use of stepwise logistic regression, the authors analyzed combinations of patient symptoms and produced nine new hypothetical case definitions. However, none of the new definitions had a false-positive rate lower than 38%. This study emphasizes the need for laboratory-based dengue surveillance systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Persisting inapparent chlamydial infection in a trachoma endemic community in The Gambia.

In a Gambian village with endemic trachoma, C. trachomatis was isolated from some 50% of children with active trachoma but from only 1% of adults with scarring sequelae. One possibility is that individuals with progressive scarring disease have clinically inapparent, non-productive infection which cannot be detected by cell culture. In whole village survey, 12% of 808 people carried ocular chlamydial antigen detected by EIA. Around 70% of antigen positive children were clinically active. By contrast, for adults age greater than 25 years, only 10% of antigen positives were clinically active. Antigen positive adults were twice as likely to develop scarring disease and longitudinal studies suggest that they are intermittently infectious. Implications for the pathology and prevention of trachoma are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of the household distribution of trachoma in a Gambian village using a Monte Carlo simulation procedure.

Studies on the household distribution of trachoma have reached conflicting conclusions. This paper describes a cross-sectional survey of endemic trachoma in a Gambian village. Cases of active trachoma were mapped, and the compound and household distribution of the disease analysed by a Monte Carlo simulation procedure which takes into account differences in the size and age distribution within individual households. Significant clustering of active trachoma cases both by village compound (p less than 0.0001) and bedroom (less than 0.05) were detected supporting the concept that intra-familial transmission of trachoma is important. There was no evidence of spatial clustering of rooms with higher than expected prevalence of trachoma. Clustering of disease in space or time provides important evidence of infectious aetiology and route of transmission. The methods discussed here are generally applicable in the study of other infectious diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Aids update panel.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Results of treatment of Ph'+ chronic myelogenous leukemia with an intensive treatment regimen (L-5 protocol).

Thirty-seven patients with Philadelphia-chromosone-positive (Ph'+) chronic myelogenous leukemia who were untreated or minimally pretreated were entered on the L-5 protocol. This protocol consisted of sequential treatment with splenic irradiation, splenectomy, arabinosylcytosine and 6-thioguanine, and L-asparaginase. Maintenance therapy was hydroxyurea or a multiple-drug regimen. The median survival of the 37 patients is 50 mo. Twelve patients showed a temporary reduction in the percentage of Ph'+ marrow metaphases to less than one-third of the initial values and in 7 of these patients none were found. The duration of the Ph'+ chromosome reduction ranged from 1 to 43 mo. The median survival of the responders has not yet been reached. It is concluded that whereas overall survival is not appreciably extended, patients who have a reduction in Ph'+ cells in the marrow may survive longer than the average; also, the reduction occurs most frequently in patients who have relatively small spleens at diagnosis. The reduction is difficult to maintain, and it may be reinduced in some patients with intensive chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Gas-liquid chromatography of triazine herbicides as heptafluorobutyryl derivatives and some applications to analysis in foods.

The heptafluorobutyryl (HFB) derivatives of ten triazine herbicides were prepared by reacting the pesticides with heptafluorobutyric anhydride in benzene, in the presence of trimethylamine or pyridine as catalyst. The reactions produced mainly the mono-HFB products while some of the herbicides had small quantities of the di-HFB derivatives present. The derivatives were 300 fold to several thousand fold more sensitive to electron-capture detection than the underivatized triazines. They also were 5-10 fold more sensitive than the parents by electrolytic conductivity detection in the halogen mode while they were of similar sensitivity with the same detector in the nitrogen mode. The derivatives eluted in the same general order as the parent triazines on stationary phases of OV-1, OV-101, OV-101/QF-1, and OV-210. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of potatoes, peas and tomatoes spiked with various triazines at levels of 0.13-0.86 ppm.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1978

Long-term consequences of respiratory disease in infancy.

In a study of Kent schoolchildren it has been shown that those who had a history of bronchitis under the age of five were more likely to have reported respiratory symptoms as the age of 11 (Bland et al., 1974). After this finding, it was necessary to test whether these differences would continue or diminish as the children grew older. One thousand three hundred schoolchildren in four areas of Kent were studied by physical examination and parental questionnaire at the ages of 5, 11, and 14. The relative risk of having reported respiratory symptoms for children with a history of early bronchitis, asthma, or pneumonia, compared with other children, was the same at the age of 14 as it was at the age of 11. These relationships could not be explained by social class effects, and were probably not due to parental bias in reporting.

Adolescent↗